Arabidopsis MYC transcription factors are the target of hormonal salicylic acid/jasmonic acid cross talk in response to Pieris brassicae egg extract.

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants recognize insect eggs and activate the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. As a consequence, expression of defense genes regulated by the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway is suppressed and larval performance is enhanced. Cross talk between defense signaling pathways is common in plant-pathogen interactions, but the molecular mechanism mediating this phenomenon is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that egg-induced SA/JA antagonism works independently of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) transcription factor ORA59, which controls the ERF branch of the JA pathway. In addition, treatment with egg extract did not enhance expression or stability of JASMONATE ZIM-domain transcriptional repressors, and SA/JA cross talk did not involve JASMONATE ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKEs, which are negative regulators of the JA pathway. Investigating the stability of MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4, three basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that additively control jasmonate-related defense responses, we found that egg extract treatment strongly diminished MYC protein levels in an SA-dependent manner. Furthermore, we identified WRKY75 as a novel and essential factor controlling SA/JA cross talk. These data indicate that insect eggs target the MYC branch of the JA pathway and uncover an unexpected modulation of SA/JA antagonism depending on the biological context in which the SA pathway is activated.

Peru: intercultural bilingual education program for better performance in schools the case of the indigenous children of the Amazon

Este estudio describe el diseño y la evaluación ex-ante de un Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en la región amazónica de Perú. Los beneficiarios son los niños que no hablan español de tres comunidades étnicas amazónicas: awarunas, ashaninkas y shipibos-conibos, quienes son una pequeña minoría; los peruanos más pobres y con menor nivel de rendimiento en comprensión de lectura y matemáticas básicas, y el nivel más bajo de la matrícula, la escuela y las tasas de transición.

Determinación precoz de nefropatía diabética en base a parametros de laboratorio

Es importante diagnosticar tempranamente la afección renal y prevenir las alteraciones a nivel microvascular, para lo cual hemos tomado en consideración la determinación de la nicroalbuminuria, los niveles sanguíneos de fibrinógeno cuya elevación es considerada como factor de riesgo de la nefropatía. Los parámetros de control glucémico generados por la hemoglobina glicosilada y la fructosamina constituyen hasta hoy el mejor método para el control del metabolismo de los carboidratos, forman parte de nuestros objetivos, determinar sus valores. En nuestro estudio el 52 por ciento de la población estudiada presenta microalbuminuria basal positiva. El 70 por ciento de los investigados presenta un control dentro de parámetros normales, sin embargo el 52 por ciento de los pacientes con DM, a pesar de este buen control, presentan nofropatía irreversible. Del total de nefrópatas [52 por ciento], el 29 por ciento de los pacientes son del sexo femenino el 23 por ciento son del sexo masculino. Se observó que los años de evolución de la biabetes, tienen especial importancia en cuanto a la producción de la nefropatía, del 100 por cien de pacientes nefrópatas el 58 por ciento tenía entre 5 y 14 años de haber sido diagnosticado de diabetes.

Auricular Chondritis in a Postpartum Flare of SLE and APS

Introduction: Auricular chondritis has been occasionally described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Materials and methods: We report the case of a woman with a previous history of APS who presented with auricular chondritis with onset of SLE symptoms during the postpartum period. Conclusion: SLE and APS should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of auricular chondritis.

Whole Genome Analysis of Gene Expression Reveals Coordinated Activation of Signaling and Metabolic Pathways during Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Arabidopsis

Plant reproduction depends on the concerted activation of many genes to ensure correct communication between pollen and pistil. Here, we queried the whole transcriptome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) in order to identify genes with specific reproductive functions. We used the Affymetrix ATH1 whole genome array to profile wild-type unpollinated pistils and unfertilized ovules. By comparing the expression profile of pistils at 0.5, 3.5, and 8.0 h after pollination and applying a number of statistical and bioinformatics criteria, we found 1,373 genes differentially regulated during pollen-pistil interactions. Robust clustering analysis grouped these genes in 16 time-course clusters representing distinct patterns of regulation. Coregulation within each cluster suggests the presence of distinct genetic pathways, which might be under the control of specific transcriptional regulators. A total of 78% of the regulated genes were expressed initially in unpollinated pistil and/or ovules, 15% were initially detected in the pollen data sets as enriched or preferentially expressed, and 7% were induced upon pollination. Among those, we found a particular enrichment for unknown transcripts predicted to encode secreted proteins or representing signaling and cell wall-related proteins, which may function by remodeling the extracellular matrix or as extracellular signaling molecules. A strict regulatory control in various metabolic pathways suggests that fine-tuning of the biochemical and physiological cellular environment is crucial for reproductive success. Our study provides a unique and detailed temporal and spatial gene expression profile of in vivo pollen-pistil interactions, providing a framework to better understand the basis of the molecular mechanisms operating during the reproductive process in higher plants.

Radiografía de los observatorios de medios en España: una herramienta ciudadana para la reforma mediática

Introducción: Desde finales del pasado siglo XX, los observatorios vienen jugando un papel muy destacado entre las instituciones orientadas a la reforma mediática por cuanto suponen una vital herramienta para el análisis y fiscalización ciudadana de los medios. En este contexto, la investigación plantea una cartografía pionera de los observatorios de medios en España e intenta sistematizar su origen, evolución y sus principales características, entre otras: objetivos, promotores y ámbitos de especialización. Metodología: Partiendo de una extensa revisión documental, el estudio construye un censo de 28 observatorios que se analizan a partir de un protocolo de observación y una entrevista cualitativa a una decena de responsables de las distintas iniciativas. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran la existencia de un panorama heterogéneo de experiencias entre las que predominan las fiscalizadoras y promovidas por universidades. No obstante, los observatorios se caracterizan por su difícil sostenibilidad y por una actividad investigadora discontinua y poco constante.

Xylem plugging and postharvest longevity of cut Acacia holosericea

An inherently short vase life is a problematic characteristic of cut flowers and foliage for otherwise attractive native Australian Acacia spp. Reasons underlying the poor postharvest water uptake of cut acacia stems have been elusive. A. holosericea was used to investigate possible bacteria-induced and wound-induced xylem occlusion. The effects of bacterial-and wound-induced xylem blockage on water uptake were investigated by light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Observations were made on cut stems that stood into either deionised water (DIW; control) or 0.5 mM Cu2+ solution and on stems pulsed with 2.2 mM Cu2+ solution and then stood into DIW. The stem-end region of cut A. holosericea that stood into DIW or Cu2+ solution became covered with bacterial growth after 3 days. Regardless of the bacterial biofilm, the Cu2+ treated stems had improved water relations and vase life. Therefore, the biofilm had little or no effect on cut A. holosericea longevity. Further observations revealed presence of a vessel-occluding substance (gel) originating from axial parenchyma cells in direct physical contact with xylem vessels. The gel exuded into vessel lumens through pit membranes, evidently as a wound-response. Xylem occlusion by gels in A. holosericea may be especially problematic due to an abundance of secretory contact cells relative to xylem elements. Nonetheless, active wound response processes may be the key determinant of short postharvest longevity for this and possibly other cut Acacia spp. Cu2+ treatments, however, disrupted the secretory function of axial parenchyma cells thereby preventing vessel occlusion by the gels.

Un hito más en la comunitarización del Derecho internacional privado: regímenes económicos matrimoniales y efectos patrimoniales de las uniones registradas

La armonización y la codificación del Derecho internacional privado en la UE deben contemplarse en el marco de una política tendente a la creación de un auténtico espacio de justicia. La sustitución del Derecho internacional privado nacional por los instrumentos de la UE ya se está manifestando en las temáticas cubiertas por numerosos Reglamentos de la UE. Hasta hace poco en el área del Derecho de familia la «sustitución» del Derecho internacional privado nacional por una reglamentación procedentes de la UE de la no era muy importante. Sin embargo, esta situación ha cambiado significativamente. El 8 de julio de 2016 se publicaron en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea el Reglamento (UE) 2016/1103 del Consejo de 24 de junio de 2016, por el que se establece una cooperación reforzada en el ámbito de la competencia, la ley aplicable, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones en materia de regímenes económicos matrimoniales y el Reglamento (UE) 2016/1104 del Consejo de 24 de junio de 2016 por el que se establece una cooperación reforzada en el ámbito de la competencia, la ley aplicable, el reconocimiento y la ejecución de resoluciones en materia de efectos patrimoniales de las uniones registradas. El presente estudio constituye una exposición de las aportaciones de estos instrumentos en el marco de la construcción de un Derecho internacional privado de la familia. en la Unión Europea.

Implicación de LKB1 en la patogénesis y progresión del cáncer de próstata.

303 p.

Un punto de partida

[Obra literaria: poesía de Mayra Jiménez.]

Agenda för samverkan eller verksamhetens agenda? Om professionellas erfarenheter av samverkan enligt samordnad individuell plan (SIP)

Agenda for collaboration or an agency agenda? Professionals’ experiences of colla­boration according to a coordinated individual plan (CIP) An increasing number of children and adolescents develop complex needs that require simultaneous action by different professionals. Several reports state that efforts for these children and adolescents have become increasingly specialized and fragmented. Since 2010, there are statutory requirements for collaboration according to a coordinated individual plan (SIP) between health care and social services. Pre-school and school can after regional agreement be involved in the co-ordination as equal partner. Collaboration in line with CIP is expected to offset the fragmentation for benefit of the service users’ ability to monitor and comprehend interventions. The aim was to investigate professionals’ experiences of CIP. The study consists of qualitative analysis of 12 focus group interviews with a total of 71 staff with different professions in health care, education and social services about their experiences of CIP. The results indicate that the participants act according to their core mission: nurturing, teaching and investigation. Two main categories with four sub-categories each appeared in the analysis. The main category, hindering factors, contains the categories: different mandates and requirements, requirements for presence initiative, questioning and censure, and timelines and prioritization. The main category of facilitating factors contains the categories: similar interpretation of common agreement, mutual respect and shared learning, common terminology and documentation, and willingness to collaborate. The analysis indicate that CIP was perceived as alternating between, on the one hand, a pro-active and service-focused tool, and on the other hand, a competing and compelling professional instrument.

Edoxaban versus enoxaparin–warfarin in patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (ENSURE-AF): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial

Background Edoxaban, an oral factor Xa inhibitor, is non-inferior for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and is associated with less bleeding than well controlled warfarin therapy. Few safety data about edoxaban in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion are available. Methods We did a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation trial in 19 countries with 239 sites comparing edoxaban 60 mg per day with enoxaparin–warfarin in patients undergoing electrical cardioversion of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. The dose of edoxaban was reduced to 30 mg per day if one or more factors (creatinine clearance 15–50 mL/min, low bodyweight [≤60 kg], or concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors) were present. Block randomisation (block size four)—stratified by cardioversion approach (transoesophageal echocardiography [TEE] or not), anticoagulant experience, selected edoxaban dose, and region—was done through a voice-web system. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of stroke, systemic embolic event, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality, analysed by intention to treat. The primary safety endpoint was major and clinically relevant non-major (CRNM) bleeding in patients who received at least one dose of study drug. Follow-up was 28 days on study drug after cardioversion plus 30 days to assess safety. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02072434. Findings Between March 25, 2014, and Oct 28, 2015, 2199 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive edoxaban (n=1095) or enoxaparin–warfarin (n=1104). The mean age was 64 years (SD 10·54) and mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2·6 (SD 1·4). Mean time in therapeutic range on warfarin was 70·8% (SD 27·4). The primary efficacy endpoint occurred in five (<1%) patients in the edoxaban group versus 11 (1%) in the enoxaparin–warfarin group (odds ratio [OR] 0·46, 95% CI 0·12–1·43). The primary safety endpoint occurred in 16 (1%) of 1067 patients given edoxaban versus 11 (1%) of 1082 patients given enoxaparin–warfarin (OR 1·48, 95% CI 0·64–3·55). The results were independent of the TEE-guided strategy and anticoagulation status. Interpretation ENSURE-AF is the largest prospective randomised clinical trial of anticoagulation for cardioversion of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Rates of major and CRNM bleeding and thromboembolism were low in the two treatment groups. Funding Daiichi Sankyo provided financial support for the study. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd

Att vara kommunikativt låst : Professionellas berättande om (vanskliga) vårdrelationer

The aim of the article is to shed light on the social dynamic that characterizes communicative breakdowns. As a first stage, this has been explored through individual and group interviews with 34 healthcare professionals about situations where they claim there has been a communication breakdown. Based on the professionals’ testimonies, the research question was: how do professionals illustrate their experiences of communicative breakdowns? In terms of theory, the study draws upon an integrated approach to language and social interaction dynamics – for example how actors mediate positions and roles, but also present, negotiate and determine the course of action in patient cases. Findings show: (1) different degrees of severity in communicative breakdowns, and (2) that the professionals have developed and use both explicit and implicit strategies to handle ”delicate relationships” in this kind of interactions.

XY (Diptych)

Combined media on photographic paper. 164" x 55"

Descripción del análisis microbológico realizado mediante maldi-tof en muestras de la fundación santa fe de Bogotá.

Introducción: La rápida detección e identificación bacteriana es fundamental para el manejo de los pacientes críticos que presentan una patología infecciosa, esto requiere de métodos rápidos para el inicio de un correcto tratamiento. En Colombia se usan pruebas microbiología convencional. No hay estudios de espectrofotometría de masas en análisis de muestras de pacientes críticos en Colombia. Objetivo general: Describir la experiencia del análisis microbiológico mediante la tecnología MALDI-TOF MS en muestras tomadas en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Materiales y Métodos: Entre junio y julio de 2013, se analizaron 147 aislamientos bacterianos de muestras clínicas, las cuales fueron procesadas previamente por medio del sistema VITEK II. Los aislamientos correspondieron a 88 hemocultivos (60%), 28 urocultivos (19%), y otros cultivos 31 (21%). Resultados: Se obtuvieron 147 aislamientos con identificación adecuada a nivel de género y/o especie así: en el 88.4% (130 muestras) a nivel de género y especie, con una concordancia del 100% comparado con el sistema VITEK II. El porcentaje de identificación fue de 66% en el grupo de bacilos gram negativos no fermentadores, 96% en enterobacterias, 100% en gérmenes fastidiosos, 92% en cocos gram positivos, 100% bacilos gram negativos móviles y 100% en levaduras. No se encontró ninguna concordancia en bacilos gram positivos y gérmenes del genero Aggregatibacter. Conclusiones: El MALDI-TOF es una prueba rápida para la identificación microbiológica de género y especie que concuerda con los resultados obtenidos de manera convencional. Faltan estudios para hacer del MALDI-TOF MS la prueba oro en identificación de gérmenes.