Collective Transverse Flow in Intermediate Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions

Within the hadronic transport model IBUU04, we study the density-dependent symmetry energy by using the neutron-proton differential flow from the Sn-132+Sn-124 reactions at beam energies of 200, 400, 600 and 800MeV per nucleon. The strong effect of the symmetry energy is shown at the incident beam energy of 400 MeV/A. The small medium-effect of the neutron-proton differential flow is also found. We also study the neutron-proton differential flows with impact parameters of 3, 5, 7 fm. It is found that in semi-central collisions the sensitivity of the neutron-proton differential flow to the symmetry energy is larger.

Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by a Multiscale Boundary Contour System and Feature Contour System

An improved Boundary Contour System (BCS) and Feature Contour System (FCS) neural network model of preattentive vision is applied to large images containing range data gathered by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. The goal of processing is to make structures such as motor vehicles, roads, or buildings more salient and more interpretable to human observers than they are in the original imagery. Early processing by shunting center-surround networks compresses signal dynamic range and performs local contrast enhancement. Subsequent processing by filters sensitive to oriented contrast, including short-range competition and long-range cooperation, segments the image into regions. The segmentation is performed by three "copies" of the BCS and FCS, of small, medium, and large scales, wherein the "short-range" and "long-range" interactions within each scale occur over smaller or larger distances, corresponding to the size of the early filters of each scale. A diffusive filling-in operation within the segmented regions at each scale produces coherent surface representations. The combination of BCS and FCS helps to locate and enhance structure over regions of many pixels, without the resulting blur characteristic of approaches based on low spatial frequency filtering alone.

The sector of olive-oil cooperatives and the use of ICT: A comparative study regarding othe legal forms

The current global environment and the general increase in the spread and use of Information Technology and Communication (ICT) by companies and consumers, make the use of these technologies as essential to confront the growing competition in the market. Focused on this sector, in this research we analyze the use of electronic commerce, as through websites as through electronic markets, and the use of social networking tools as enablers of business. For this aim, we conducted a comparative analysis between the Andalusian olive oil cooperatives and other legal forms which are present in the sector.

Influence of regrouping strategy on performance, behaviour and carcass parameters in pigs

One thousand two hundred pigs were weaned at 4 weeks of age and mixed to form groups of ten animals that were balanced for gender. The groups consisted of uniform weight groups (i.e. separate groups of small, medium or large pigs), or mixed weight groups (i.e. groups containing small, medium and large pigs). Half of the groups were retained from weaning until slaughter at 21 weeks of age, and half were regrouped at the start of the finishing period at 10 weeks of age. In this regrouping, uniform weight groups were regrouped to form mixed weight groups, and mixed weight groups were regrouped to form uniform weight groups. In addition, some mixed weight groups were regrouped to form mixed weight groups in order to assess the effect of regrouping at 10 weeks of age on performance and aggressive behaviour.

Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery:Mechanistic insights

A systematic study was undertaken to gain more insight into the mechanism of transdermal delivery of nanoencapsulated model dyes across microneedle (MN)-treated skin, a complex process not yet explored. Rhodamine B (Rh B) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic small/medium-size molecules, respectively, were encapsulated in poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and delivered through full thickness porcine skin pretreated with MN array. Permeation through MN-treated skin was affected by physicochemical characteristics of NPs and the encapsulated dyes. Dye flux was enhanced by smaller particle size, hydrophilicity, and negative zeta potential of NPs. Regarding encapsulated dyes, solubility at physiological pH and potential interaction with skin proteins proved to outweigh molecular weight as determinants of skin permeation. Data were verified using confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Findings coupled with the literature data are supportive of a mechanism involving influx of NPs, particularly of smaller size, deep into MN-created channels, generating depot dye-rich reservoirs. Molecular diffusion of the released dye across viable skin layers proceeds at a rate determined by its molecular characteristics. Data obtained provide mechanistic information of importance to the development of formulation strategies for more effective intradermal and transdermal MN-mediated delivery of nanoencapsulated therapeutic agents.

Impact of finite element idealisation on the prediction of welded fuselage stiffened panel buckling

Lap joints are widely used in the manufacture of stiffened panels and influence local panel sub-component stability, defining buckling unit dimensions and boundary conditions. Using the Finite Element method it is possible to model joints in great detail and predict panel buckling behaviour with accuracy. However, when modelling large panel structures such detailed analysis becomes computationally expensive. Moreover, the impact of local behaviour on global panel performance may reduce as the scale of the modelled structure increases. Thus this study presents coupled computational and experimental analysis, aimed at developing relationships between modelling fidelity and the size of the modelled structure, when the global static load to cause initial buckling is the required analysis output. Small, medium and large specimens representing welded lap-joined fuselage panel structure are examined. Two element types, shell and solid-shell, are employed to model each specimen, highlighting the impact of idealisation on the prediction of welded stiffened panel initial skin buckling.

Identification of Dynamics of Surface Suction Over an Airfoil at Low Reynolds Numbers

This paper deals with identification of dynamics in suction control of airfoils for low Reynolds number regimes (8 x 10^4 - 5 x 10^5). In particular, the dynamics of interest is the map that relates suction pressure and surface pressure. Identification of such dynamics is of use to a variety of active control applications including suction control in small/medium wind turbines which operate in these Reynolds number regimes. Prior research has largely focused on higher Reynolds number regimes, creating a need for such a study. Towards identifying the said dynamic relations, experiments were conducted on NACA0012 airfoil in a wind tunnel. The dynamic relation between suction and surface pressure was identified as an overdamped second order system.

An Open Source BI Approach: Concept Proof Tracking Fleet

É possível assistir nos dias de hoje, a um processo tecnológico evolutivo acentuado por toda a parte do globo. No caso das empresas, quer as pequenas, médias ou de grandes dimensões, estão cada vez mais dependentes dos sistemas informatizados para realizar os seus processos de negócio, e consequentemente à geração de informação referente aos negócios e onde, muitas das vezes, os dados não têm qualquer relacionamento entre si. A maioria dos sistemas convencionais informáticos não são projetados para gerir e armazenar informações estratégicas, impossibilitando assim que esta sirva de apoio como recurso estratégico. Portanto, as decisões são tomadas com base na experiência dos administradores, quando poderiam serem baseadas em factos históricos armazenados pelos diversos sistemas. Genericamente, as organizações possuem muitos dados, mas na maioria dos casos extraem pouca informação, o que é um problema em termos de mercados competitivos. Como as organizações procuram evoluir e superar a concorrência nas tomadas de decisão, surge neste contexto o termo Business Intelligence(BI). A GisGeo Information Systems é uma empresa que desenvolve software baseado em SIG (sistemas de informação geográfica) recorrendo a uma filosofia de ferramentas open-source. O seu principal produto baseia-se na localização geográfica dos vários tipos de viaturas, na recolha de dados, e consequentemente a sua análise (quilómetros percorridos, duração de uma viagem entre dois pontos definidos, consumo de combustível, etc.). Neste âmbito surge o tema deste projeto que tem objetivo de dar uma perspetiva diferente aos dados existentes, cruzando os conceitos BI com o sistema implementado na empresa de acordo com a sua filosofia. Neste projeto são abordados alguns dos conceitos mais importantes adjacentes a BI como, por exemplo, modelo dimensional, data Warehouse, o processo ETL e OLAP, seguindo a metodologia de Ralph Kimball. São também estudadas algumas das principais ferramentas open-source existentes no mercado, assim como quais as suas vantagens/desvantagens relativamente entre elas. Em conclusão, é então apresentada a solução desenvolvida de acordo com os critérios enumerados pela empresa como prova de conceito da aplicabilidade da área Business Intelligence ao ramo de Sistemas de informação Geográfica (SIG), recorrendo a uma ferramenta open-source que suporte visualização dos dados através de dashboards.

Análisis de perdurabilidad de las empresas que se acogieron a la ley 550 de 1999

A finales del Siglo XX, Colombia se encontraba en un escenario bastante complicado en relación con la situación del país en años anteriores. Todo esto, debido a que el país se vio afligido por una serie de situaciones adversas: el desempleo, la violencia y catástrofes naturales, fueron una de las muchas cosas que generaron un grave periodo de recesión en el país. Frente a estos desafortunados acontecimientos, y en búsqueda de propiciar y fortalecer la economía del país, el Gobierno decide en su momento, intervenir en la economía local, principalmente en el Sector Privado, con el fin de normalizar la actividad productiva del país en todos los sectores económico. Para esto, el Gobierno en conjunto con la Superintendencia de Sociedades y teniendo en cuenta la devaluación de la moneda, las altas tasas de interés que existían en ese entonces, y, la disminución de la demanda, deciden desarrollar mecanismos de conciliación tanto para los deudores como para los acreedores con el fin de reactivar la economía y mejorar la situación financiera y contable del sector productivo y de servicios, con el fin de superar la crisis en la que se encontraban sumergidos en ese entonces. La ley 550, constituida en el año 1999 y también conocida como la Ley de Insolvencia Económica, otorgo herramientas para la reestructuración de empresas que decidieron acogerse a dicha ley, a un total de 1.323 empresas que se encontraban en proceso de liquidación. Para poder acceder a este proceso de reestructuración, además de cumplir con ciertos requisitos que se mencionaran posteriormente, las empresas que podían acceder a esta ley, debían encontrarse en mora en el pago de 2 o más obligaciones por un periodo mayor a noventa días, o, se debían encontrar envueltas en por lo menos 2 demandas ejecutivas por mora en el pago de cualquier deuda adquirida en nombre de dichas empresas.

Descripción de los casos de accidentes laborales ocurridos en una empresa manufacturera, 2010 al 2014

Introducción Debido a que los accidentes de origen ocupacional ocupan un lugar importante dentro de las causas de ausentismo, discapacidades y hasta las muertes se realizó la descripción de la accidentalidad, teniendo en cuenta factores como la severidad y tipo de lesión, el tipo de actividad laboral y re accidentalidad ocurrida en una empresa manufacturera en un periodo de 2010 al 2014. Objetivos Establecer la distribución de los accidentes laborales ocurridos en una empresa manufacturera en el periodo de 2010 al 2014 según edad, género, área laboral y tipo de lesión. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en donde se analizaron las características según los trabajadores y la empresa y se realizaron asociaciones para establecer cuáles eran los factores de riesgo para presentar re accidentalidad. Se tomó una empresa manufacturera del sector de producción de alimentos que cuenta con un total de 950 empleados, en riesgo de presentar accidentes laborales. Se seleccionaron 338 accidentes ocurridos en el periodo de 2010 y 2014.Se realizaron análisis de los accidentes según las variables de: género, área de trabajo y tipo de herida para determinar su distribución según dichos factores. Posteriormente se realizaron análisis bivariado por medio de asociaciones estadísticas usando el estadístico Chi cuadrado y pruebas no paramétricas o paramétricas según la distribución de normalidad de las variables cuantitativas. El programa que se usó para el análisis fue el de SPSS versión 22. Resultados El estudio identificó que la proporción de accidentes durante el periodo estudiado con respecto al número de trabajadores fue de 35,6% y de los 950 trabajadores el 28,8% presentaron accidentes que corresponde a los 274 trabajadores. La mediana de edad fue de 35 años y se presentó más frecuente en mujeres (55,6%). El área laboral en la que se presentaron mayor número de accidentes fue el área de manufactura (75,7%). La proporción de mujeres que presentaban mayor accidentes en el área de manufactura si representó una diferencia de 23,4% con respecto a la proporción de hombres que presentaron mayor accidentes en la misma área. Con respecto al tipo de lesión, se presentaron accidentes frecuentemente en miembros superiores y según el género, las mujeres presentaron 2,02% más accidentes en miembros superiores comparado con los hombres. Los análisis en cuanto a re accidentalidad determinaron que el 16,8% de los trabajadores presentaron más de un accidente y un trabajador presentó 5 accidentes en el periodo de tiempo estudiado en la empresa, la edad se relacionó significativamente con el hecho de presentar re accidentalidad.

Planeamento estratégico de sistemas de informação em empresa de construção

Os Sistemas de Informação têm influenciado a vida quotidiana a um ritmo inesperado e com mudanças significativas na setor da construção, cuja importância é crucial para a economia de qualquer país. Sendo Angola, um país de economia emergente, caracterizado por um mercado em expansão e reestruturação, onde as decisões de Sistema Informação ainda são tomadas de forma isolada, e cada vez mais investidores estão a atuar no país, impulsionando o crescimento, é imperioso para o sector a identificação e exploração de Sistemas de Informação flexíveis e adaptáveis para fazer face as forças competitivas do setor. Partindo desta envolvente a presente dissertação visa ressaltar o reconhecimento da importância do Planeamento Estratégico de Sistemas de Informação-PESI para as organizações atuais. Neste contexto realizou-se o estudo de PESI em torno de um caso concreto numa Pequena Media Empresa, Angolana, a Terponte,SA, cujo objectivo é fornecer a construtora um plano em termos de SI para futuro. Os dados foram recolhidos através da utilização dos métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, sendo os mais pertinentes a análise documental, observação direta, entrevistas, questionários aos órgãos da empresa em estudo e demais intuições. A análise dos dados demonstrou uma deficiente gestão da informação, bem como inexistência de integração aplicacional. A presente dissertação pretende contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento científico no domínio do Planeamento Estratégico dos Sistemas de Informação e para a resolução de problemas específicos nomeadamente nas empresas do setor da construção civil.

Effects of neuropathy on high-voltage-activated Ca2+ current in sensory neurones

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) have emerged as targets to treat neuropathic pain; however, amongst VDCCs, the precise role of the CaV2.3 subtype in nociception remains unproven. Here, we investigate the effects of partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) on Ca2+ currents in small/medium diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurones isolated from CaV2.3(−/−) knock-out and wild-type (WT) mice. DRG neurones from CaV2.3(−/−) mice had significantly reduced sensitivity to SNX-482 versusWTmice. DRGs from CaV2.3(−/−) mice also had increased sensitivity to the CaV2.2 VDCC blocker -conotoxin. In WT mice, PSNL caused a significant increase in -conotoxin-sensitivity and a reduction in SNX-482-sensitivity. In CaV2.3(−/−) mice, PSNL caused a significant reduction in -conotoxin-sensitivity and an increase in nifedipine sensitivity. PSNL-induced changes in Ca2+ current were not accompanied by effects on voltagedependence of activation in either CaV2.3(−/−) or WT mice. These data suggest that CaV2.3 subunits contribute, but do not fully underlie, drug-resistant (R-type) Ca2+ current in these cells. In WT mice, PSNL caused adaptive changes in CaV2.2- and CaV2.3-mediated Ca2+ currents, supporting roles for these VDCCs in nociception during neuropathy. In CaV2.3(−/−) mice, PSNL-induced changes in CaV1 and CaV2.2 Ca2+ current, consistent with alternative adaptive mechanisms occurring in the absence of CaV2.3 subunits.

Farming systems methodology for efficient resource management at the farm level: a review from an Indian perspective

Farming systems research is a multi-disciplinary holistic approach to solve the problems of small farms. Small and marginal farmers are the core of the Indian rural economy Constituting 0.80 of the total farming community but possessing only 0.36 of the total operational land. The declining trend of per capita land availability poses a serious challenge to the sustainability and profitability of farming. Under such conditions, it is appropriate to integrate land-based enterprises such as dairy, fishery, poultry, duckery, apiary, field and horticultural cropping within the farm, with the objective of generating adequate income and employment for these small and marginal farmers Under a set of farm constraints and varying levels of resource availability and Opportunity. The integration of different farm enterprises can be achieved with the help of a linear programming model. For the current review, integrated farming systems models were developed, by Way Of illustration, for the marginal, small, medium and large farms of eastern India using linear programming. Risk analyses were carried out for different levels of income and enterprise combinations. The fishery enterprise was shown to be less risk-prone whereas the crop enterprise involved greater risk. In general, the degree of risk increased with the increasing level of income. With increase in farm income and risk level, the resource use efficiency increased. Medium and large farms proved to be more profitable than small and marginal farms with higher level of resource use efficiency and return per Indian rupee (Rs) invested. Among the different enterprises of integrated farming systems, a chain of interaction and resource flow was observed. In order to make fanning profitable and improve resource use efficiency at the farm level, the synergy among interacting components of farming systems should be exploited. In the process of technology generation, transfer and other developmental efforts at the farm level (contrary to the discipline and commodity-based approaches which have a tendency to be piecemeal and in isolation), it is desirable to place a whole-farm scenario before the farmers to enhance their farm income, thereby motivating them towards more efficient and sustainable fanning.

Characterization of the layered structure in main chain dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether polymers by simultaneous WAXS/MAXS-SAXS/DSC measurements

The structure and thermal properties of polymers containing dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether units in the main chain linked to an aliphatic spacer of different lengths (C10-C14) is reported. X-ray diffraction patterns of all the studied samples exhibit a peak in the medium angle region, revealing the existence of a lamellar structure. Simultaneous calorimetry and small, medium (SAXS-MAXS) and wide (WAXS) X-ray measurements during cooling and subsequent heating of the samples reveal that a layer phase is formed upon cooling. In the case of the homopolymers, this phase is almost simultaneously accompanied by the appearance of some reflections in the wide angle region as an indication of lateral crystallization. However, by copolymerization, the formation of the layer phase is decoupled from lateral crystallization, being stable in a wide temperature region.

Entrepreneurship and economic development in cities

Policy makers have identified the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development. Yet, little is known about how this relationship varies over time in cities with different market sizes. This study examines the link between entrepreneurship and economic development using a panel of 127 European cities between 1994 and 2009. We found that the immediate economic development impact of new firm start-ups is positive for both small-/medium-size cities and large cities. The relationship is U-shaped for large cities, with the indirect effect taking 7 years, but the indirect effect does not occur in small-/medium-size cities. We offer useful information for policy makers, practitioners, and scholars.