Spin current diode based on an electron waveguide with spin-orbit interaction

We propose a spin current diode which can work even in a small applied bias condition (the linear-response regime). The prototypal device consists of a hornlike electron waveguide with Rashba spin-orbit interaction, which is connected to two leads with different widths. It is demonstrated that when electrons are incident from the narrow lead, the generated spin conductance fluctuates around a constant value in a wide range of incident energy. When the transport direction is reversed, the spin conductance is suppressed strongly. Such a remarkable difference arises from spin-flipped transitions caused by the spin-orbit interaction. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Spin-orbit splitting of a hydrogenic donor impurity in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells

The electronic states of a hydrogenic donor impurity in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells are investigated theoretically in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory, including the effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The splits of electron energy levels are calculated. The results show that (1) the split energy of the excited state is larger than that of the ground state; (2) the split energy peak appears as the GaAs well width increases from zero; and (3) the maximum split energy reaches about 1.6 meV. Our results are useful for the application of Rashba spin-orbit coupling to photoelectric devices. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Excitonic bright-to-dark transition induced by spin-orbit coupling

The center-of-mass motion of quasi-two-dimensional excitons with spin-orbit coupling is calculated within the framework of effective mass theory. The results indicate that the spin-orbit coupling will induce a controllable bright-to-dark transition in a quasi-two-dimensional exciton system. This procedure can work as a way to increase the lifetime of excitons. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Strong Spin-Orbit Interactions in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs Two-Dimensional Electron Gas by Weak Antilocalization Analysis

Spin-orbit interactions in a two-dimensional electron gas were studied in an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAlAs quantum well. Since weak anti localization effects take place far beyond the diffusive regime, (i.e., the ratio of the characteristic magnetic field, at which the magnetoresistance correction maximum occurs, to the transport magnetic field is more than ten) the experimental data are examined by the Golub theory, which is applicable to both diffusive regime and ballistic regime. Satisfactory fitting lines to the experimental data have been achieved using the Golub theory. In the strong spin-orbit interaction two-dimensional electron gas system, the large spin splitting energy of 6.08 meV is observed mainly due to the high electron concentration in the quantum well. The temperature dependence of the phase-breaking rate is qualitatively in agreement with the theoretical predictions. (C) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Spin-Hall effect in the generalized honeycomb lattice with Rashba spin-orbit interaction

We study the spin-Hall effect in a generalized honeycomb lattice, which is described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian including the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and inversion-symmetry breaking terms brought about by a uniaxial pressure. The calculated spin-Hall conductance displays a series of exact or approximate plateaus for isotropic or anisotropic hopping integral parameters, respectively. We show that these plateaus are a consequence of the various Fermi-surface topologies when tuning epsilon(F). For the isotropic case, a consistent two-band analysis, as well as a Berry-phase interpretation. are also given. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anisotropic transport in quantum waveguides due to the spin-orbit interactions

We theoretically investigate the charge transport in the quantum waveguides in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction and the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction. We find that the interplay between the Rashba spin-orbit interaction and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction can induce a symmetry breaking and consequently leads to the anisotropic charge transport in the quantum waveguides, the conductance through the quantum waveguides depends sensitively on the crystallographic orientations of the quantum waveguides. The anisotropy of the charge transport can even survive in the presence of disorder effect in realistic systems.

Spin Hall effect on the kagome lattice with Rashba spin-orbit interaction

We study the spin Hall effect in the kagome lattice with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The conserved spin Hall conductance sigma(s)(xy) (see text) and its two components, i.e., the conventional term sigma(s0)(xy) and the spin-torque-dipole term sigma(s tau)(xy), are numerically calculated, which show a series of plateaus as a function of the electron Fermi energy epsilon(F). A consistent two-band analysis, as well as a Berry-phase interpretation, is also given. We show that these plateaus are a consequence of various Fermi-surface topologies when tuning epsilon(F). In particular, we predict that compared to the case with the Fermi surface encircling the Gamma point in the Brillouin zone, the amplitude of the spin Hall conductance with the Fermi surface encircling the K points is twice enhanced, which makes it highly meaningful in the future to systematically carry out studies of the K-valley spintronics.

Symmetry and optical transition rule for low-dimensional semiconductor system with spin-orbit interaction and magnetic field

Starting from effective mass Hamiltonian, we systematically investigate the symmetry of low-dimensional structures with spin-orbit interaction and transverse magnetic field. The position-dependent potentials are assumed to be space symmetric, which is ever-present in theory and experiment research. By group theory, we analyze degeneracy in different cases. Spin-orbit interaction makes the transition between Zeeman sub-levels possible, which is originally forbidden within dipole approximation. However, a transition rule given in this paper for the first time shows that the transition between some levels is forbidden for space symmetric potentials. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Binding Energy and Spin-Orbit Splitting of a Hydrogenic Donor Impurity in AlGaN/GaN Triangle-Shaped Potential Quantum Well

In the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory, including the effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the binding energy E-b and spin-orbit split energy Gamma of the ground state of a hydrogenic donor impurity in AlGaN/GaN triangle-shaped potential heterointerface are calculated. We find that with the electric field of the heterojunction increasing, (1) the effective width of quantum well (W) over bar decreases and (2) the binding energy increases monotonously, and in the mean time, (3) the spin-orbit split energy Gamma decreases drastically. (4) The maximum of Gamma is 1.22 meV when the electric field of heterointerface is 1 MV/cm.

Reflected in-plane conductance near a barrier with Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling

We have calculated the in-plane conductance of a barrier with the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction, which is sandwiched between two spin-polarized materials aligned arbitrarily. Besides a transmitted in-plane current which arises on the drain side as pointed out in Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 056601 (2004), a reflected in-plane current always appears simultaneously on the source side near the interface of the barrier. The spin polarization of the source affects the transmitted current more than the reflected one, and conversely the spin polarization of the drain affects the reflected current more. The relationship between transmitted current and the reflected one has been studied.

Spin Hall effect of excitons with spin-orbit coupling

The center-of-mass motion of a quasi-two-dimensional exciton with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the presence of a perpendicular electric field is calculated by perturbation theory. The results indicate that a quasi-two-dimensional exciton with SOC can exhibit the spin Hall effect (SHE), which is similar to two-dimensional electrons and holes. A likely way to establish exciton SHE in experiments and a possible phase transition from dark to bright state driven by SOC are suggested. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Mesoscopic Fano effect modulated by Rashba spin-orbit coupling and external magnetic field

By employing non-equilibrium Green's function method, the mesoscopic Fano effect modulated by Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling and external magnetic field has been elucidated for electron transport through a hybrid system composed of a quantum dot (QD) and an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring. The results show that the orientation of the Fano line shape is modulated by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction k(R)L variation, which reveals that the Fano parameter q will be extended to a complex number, although the system maintains time-reversal symmetry (TRS) under the Rashba SO interaction. Furthermore, it is shown that the modulation of the external magnetic field, which is applied not only inside the frame, but also on the QD, leads to the Fano resonance split due to Zeeman effect, which indicates that the hybrid is an ideal candidate for the spin readout device. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Spin states and persistent currents in mesoscopic rings: Spin-orbit interactions

We investigate theoretically electron spin states in one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) hard-wall mesoscopic rings in the presence of both the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI) and the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction (DSOI) in a perpendicular magnetic field. The Hamiltonian of the RSOI alone is mathematically equivalent to that of the DSOI alone using an SU(2) spin rotation transformation. Our theoretical results show that the interplay between the RSOI and DSOI results in an effective periodic potential, which consequently leads to gaps in the energy spectrum. This periodic potential also weakens and smoothens the oscillations of the persistent charge current and spin current and results in the localization of electrons. For a 2D ring with a finite width, higher radial modes destroy the periodic oscillations of persistent currents.

Spin-polarized transport through an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer with Rashba spin-orbit interaction

We study electron transport through an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer with a noninteracting quantum dot in each of its arms. Both a magnetic flux phi threading through the AB ring and the Rashba spin-orbit (SO) interaction inside the two dots are taken into account. Due to the existence of the SO interaction, the electrons flowing through different arms of the AB ring will acquire a spin-dependent phase factor in the tunnel-coupling strengths. This phase factor, as well as the influence of the magnetic flux, will induce various interesting interference phenomena. We show that the conductance and the local density of states can become spin polarized by tuning the magnetic flux and the Rashba interaction strength. Under certain circumstances, a pure spin-up or spin-down conductance can be obtained when a spin-unpolarized current is injected from the external leads. Therefore, the electron spin can be manipulated by adjusting the Rashba spin-orbit strength and the structure parameters. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Effects of subretinal implant materials on the viability, apoptosis and barrier function of cultured RPE cells

Background: Subretinal microphotodiode array (MPDA) is a type of visual prosthesis used for the implantation in the subretinal space of patients with progressive photoreceptor cell loss. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of materials for MPDA on the viability, apoptosis and barrier function of cultured pig retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells.Methods: Primary culture of pig RPE cells was performed and 24 pig eyes were used to start RPE culture. The third passage of the cultures was plated on different materials for MPDA and MPDAs. The tetrazolium dye-reduction assay (MTT) was used to determine RPE cell viability. Flow cytometry was measured to indicate the apoptosis rates of RPE cells on different materials. RPE cells were also cultured on microporous filters, and the transepithelial resistance and permeability of the experimental molecule were measured to determine the barrier function.Results: The data from all the methods indicated no significant difference between the materials groups and the control group, and the materials tested showed good biocompatibility.Conclusions: The materials for MPDA used in the present study had no direct toxicity to the RPE cells and did not release harmful soluble factors that affected the barrier function of RPE in vitro.