Consumerism in urban Russia in the 1880s and 90s: Exploring conceptions of time, space, and modernity through bicycle and watch advertisements

This paper discusses the urban consumer culture in Moscow and Petersburg during the 1880s and 1890s and uses the consumption of bicycles and watches as a lens through which to explore changing perceptions of time and space within the experience of modernity at the end of the nineteenth century. Specifically, I argue that the way in which consumers and merchants constructed a dialogue of meaning around particular objects; the way in which objects are consumed by a culture gives insight into the values, morals, and tenure of that culture. The paper preferences newspaper ads and photographs as the mouthpieces of merchants and consumers respectively as they constructed a dialogue in the language of consumerism, and explores the ways in which both parties sought to assign meaning to objects during the experience of modernity. I am particularly interested in the way consumers perform elements of cultural modernity in photographs and how these instances of performance relate to their negotiation of modernity. The paper takes as its focus large section of the urban Russian population, much of whom can traditionally be called “middle class” but whose diversity has led me to the adoption of the term “consumer community,” and whose makeup is described in detail. The paper contributes to the continuing scholarly discourse on the makeup of the middle class in Russia and the social boundaries of late tsarist society. It speaks to the the developing sensibilities and values of a generation struggling to define itself in a rapidly changing world, to the ways in which conceptualizations of public and private space, as well as feminine and masculine space were redefined, and to the developing visual culture of the Russian consumer society, largely predicated on the display of objects to signify socially desirable traits. Whereas other explorations of consumer culture and advertisements have portrayed the relationship between merchants and consumers as a one-sided monologue in which merchants convince consumers that certain objects have cultural value, I emphasis the dialogue between merchants and consumers, and their mutual negotiation of cultural meaning through objects.

Fatalism, Attributions of Failure and Academic Performance in Mapuche and Non-Mapuche Chilean Students

This study investigated the role of fatalism as a cultural value orientation and causal attributions for past failure in the academic performance of high school students in the Araucania Region of Chile. Three thousand three hundred and fourty eight Mapuche and Non-Mapuche students participated in the study. Consistent with the Culture and Behavior model that guided the research, the test of causal models based on the analysis of structural equations show that academic performance is in part a function of variations in the level of fatalism, directly as well as indirectly through its influence in the attribution processes and failure-related emotions. In general, the model representing the proposed structure of relations among fatalism, attributions, and emotions as determinants of academic performance fit the data for both Mapuche and non-Mapuche students. However, results show that some of the relations in the model are different for students from these two ethnic groups. Finally, according to the results from the analysis of causal models, family SES appear to be the most important determinant of fatalism.

Os registos religiosos - o acervo da Pousada dos Lóios (Évora): Um caso de estudo

A presente dissertação de mestrado em Gestão e Valorização do Património Histórico e Cultural assenta num estudo de caso: o acervo dos registos religiosos da Pousada dos Lóios, em Évora. Ao longo dos quatro capítulos que a constituem, procuramos explicar o que são os registos religiosos, qual a sua dimensão e riqueza patrimonial e cultural, analisamos os vários aspectos que os definem, e propomos dois planos de acção para a sua salvaguarda, conservação e valorização. Neste contexto cruzamos o mundo da religiosidade popular em busca da fé que dá azo à criação dos registos religiosos, e o da história da gravura artística, uma vez que a gravura é o elemento fulcral, a imagem da religiosidade e do registo religioso; investigamos a presença da denominada arte popular no contexto da religiosidade, da história da arte e da sociedade; procedemos à elaboração do inventário do acervo, à respectiva catalogação e análise. Por último, apresentamos uma proposta de exposição como forma de valorização complementar para os registos religiosos da Pousada dos Lóios. ABSTRACT; The following dissertation of master's degree in Management and Valorization of the Historic and Cultural Patrimony is based on a case study of the assets of the religious registers of the Pousada dos Lóios in Évora. Through the four chapters that constitute it, we try to explain what are the religious registers, its dimension and patrimonial and cultural value, we analyze the many aspects that define them, and we propose two plans of action to its protection, conservation and valorization. ln this context we cross the world of popular religiosity in search of the faith that gives birth to the creation of religious registers, and the history of the artistic illustration, since the illustration is the central element, the image of religiosity and of the religious register; we investigate the presence of the so called popular art in the context of religiosity, in the history of art and in society; we elaborate an inventory of the assets, the respective cataloguing and analysis. At last, we present proposal of exposition as a way of complementary valorization of the religious registers of the Pousada dos Lóios.

El derecho y la paz transformadora. El sentido de la estructura social en Talcott Parsons

El funcionalismo estructural de Talcott Parsons propone un sistema de acción que permite el análisis de la estructura social a partir de aspectos como la adaptación, la capacidad para alcanzar metas, la inte­gración y la latencia. En este sentido, se encuentra una serie de subsistemas que permiten que una sociedad funcione. El de­recho es uno de ellos, y cumple una función integradora; además, se convierte en un instrumento para el logro de objetivos so­ciales; se propone el concepto de paz trans­formadora como objetivo (valor cultural) en la estructura social, y el derecho como medio idóneo para lograr la integración de los individuos a la estructura societal. Cabe resaltar que la paz transformadora es un proceso y un fin en sí misma, lo que permite que sea un objetivo de construc­ción participativa.

The commodification of culture in the Thai tourism context: a study of culinary experiences in touristic traditional markets

The purpose of the thesis is to examine the relationship between tourism and the local culture expressed in culinary experiences offered in the traditional, nostalgic-themed markets that have arisen as popular attractions in the 21 st century. Central to the thesis is an examination of how the traditional cultural values are articulated in the production, promotion and consumption of culinary experiences in order to understand the value of culture when embedded in the process of commodification, as well as to understand influential socio-cultural factors. The thesis investigates the potential of traditional markets to promote food as the main attraction in the market. Field studies were conducted from December 2012–March 2014 in eight traditional markets in the central region of Thailand. Based on the ethnographic approach in studying the narratives in the markets, a variety of methods were implemented in the process of data collection. Besides observational analysis of the venue, semi-structured interviews and the self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from actors who engage in food experiences, including management team members, food traders and visitors. Data was also collected from interviews with officers working for Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT).  Keys findings of the thesis reveal that the cultural expressions of food experience in each market is an outcome of both the interactions of worldviews expressed by actors involved in the traditional market and the socio-cultural condition of Thailand. The relationships between stakeholders’ attitudes towards food experiences and the commercial potentials and limitations of food were analysed. The analysis of the cultural value of culinary experiences demonstrates that the existing academic discussions of the authenticity of tourism are insightful in explaining the character of food experiences offered in this tourism scenario. Most importantly, authenticity in tourism experiences, being a desirable element in culinary experiences, is a reflection of the how the pre-modern aspect of Thai society is embraced in a contemporary context. In addition, the commodification of culinary culture generates multidimensional consequences on the value of traditional culture and local lives. Moreover, the performance of culinary experiences can be viewed from the perspective of how Thai society interacts with globalization. The thesis also points out that it is possible to compare the situation of the traditional markets with the marketing positioning of food in Thai tourism marketing policy.

O aqueduto das águas livres como elemento dinamizador e regenerador do eixo Lisboa-Sintra

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura com especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura. Assuntos:

De praça a praça: Praças de toiros portuguesas (1850-1950): contributo para a sua salvaguarda e divulgação

O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar o valor patrimonial das praças de toiros, enquanto manifestações arquitetónicas representativas de uma manifestação cultural e patrimonial herdada - a Tauromaquia. Assim sendo, é nossa intenção criar mecanismos que despertem interesse pelo referido património e que lhe seja reconhecido valor arquitetónico e cultural, sendo que aliada à materialidade do edificado identificámos também aspetos imateriais: costumes, tradições e rituais que, aliados à prática tauromáquica contribuem para a nossa identificação enquanto povo. Através da inventariação do património tauromáquico imóvel existente dentro das balizas cronológicas apontadas procuramos sensibilizar a sociedade para o papel que estes edifícios assumem na história e na cultura das populações, contribuindo simultaneamente para a sua preservação e valorização. O presente trabalho teve como base um vasto leque de leituras alusivas ao tema da tauromaquia que permitiu traçar um percurso de molde a evidenciar a evolução dos preceitos da arte tauromáquica, onde se insere o aparecimento e desenvolvimento das praças de toiros portuguesas. Julgamos que um dos aspetos mais importantes deste trabalho seja o facto da identificação dos espaços e o registo das suas características nos ter permitido conhecer e dar a conhecer a existência de uma tipologia patrimonial que se encontra como que oculta, que para muitos chega mesmo a ser desconhecida ou ignorada, mas que faz parte do nosso património, transcendendo uma dimensão puramente material. ABSTRACT: This paper aims to demonstrate the heritage value of bullrings as architectural manifestations, representing a cultural heritage and legacy - Bullfighting. First of all, the construction of these buildings requires a “will of manifestation" and the recognition of values with which part of the Portuguese people identifies itself. lt is therefore our intention to create mechanisms to awaken interest in this heritage, so that its architectonic and cultural value is recognized. Along with the materiality of the buildings, we have also identified intangible aspects, such as: customs, traditions and rituals, that when allied to bullfighting contribute to our identity as a people. With the inventorying of the bullfighting assets existing within the established timelines, we seek to enlighten society about the role that these buildings assume both in history and culture, as well as contributing to its preservation and enhancement. This research was based on a vast range of readings related to bullfighting which allowed us to outline the path of the evolution of the bullfighting art, which includes the appearing and development of Portuguese bullrings. We believe that one of the most important aspects in this paper is the fact that the identification of the places and the registration of their features has allowed us not only to acknowledge but also to display the existence of a heritage that has been hidden. For many people this is unknown or even ignored, but it's part of our heritage, transcending a purely material dimension.

La historia de la traducción como tarea de investigación de las letras costarricenses

Se pone de relieve la importancia histórica y pertinencia cultural del desarrollo de la traducción en Costa Rica, en particular de su literatura. Se exploran algunos antecedentes y referencias al asunto, se señalan algunos déficits significativos y se plantean cinco propuestas teóricas: existe una dependencia de las literaturas nacionales de su traducción; la traducción debe formar parte de las historias literarias nacionales; se debe explicitar la relación entre la historiografía política y social y la traducción; se debe considerar el patrimonio literario como parte de la identidad cultural; por último, la traducción debe verse como parte de la memoria de la humanidad y, por tanto, su relevante valor cultural.Emphasis is given to the historical importance and cultural pertinence of the development of translation in Costa Rica, and of its literature in particular. Some background and references are provided, and significant gaps are addressed, along with five theoretical proposals: National literatures depend on being translated; translation should be part of national literary histories; the relation between political and social historiography and translation should be explicit; literary heritage should be part of cultural identity; and translation should be seen as part of the memory of humanity, and in turn its relevant cultural value recognized.

Annual Report of the Needle & Syringe Exchange Scheme for the period 1st April 2013 to 31st March 2014.

This report summarises data that is collected on the operation of the Northern Ireland Needle and Syringe Exchange Scheme (NSES). It relates to the twelve-month period between 1st April 2013 and 31st March 2014. The anonymised data is collected by the 14 pharmacies and 1 Trust-based service that participate in the Northern Ireland Needle and Syringe Exchange Scheme (NSES) which was introduced in April 2001.

Early blood exchange transfusion in malignant pertussis: A case report.

OBJECTIVE:: To report early blood exchange transfusion in malignant pertussis and a favorable clinical outcome. SETTING:: A pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. DESIGN:: A descriptive case report. PATIENT:: An 8-wk-old girl was diagnosed with malignant pertussis (extreme leukocytosis, seizures, pneumonia, and secondary severe hypoxic respiratory failure associated with pulmonary hypertension). After administration of a one-volume blood exchange transfusion, a rapid decrease in white blood cell count (from 119,000/mm to 36,500/mm) was observed and followed by clinical improvement and favorable outcome despite the initial presence of all described risk factors associated with a high mortality. CONCLUSION:: The use of exchange blood transfusion early in the course of the disease might help to prevent a fatal outcome of malignant pertussis.

El patrimonio cultural nos incluye a todos. Fundación Eliécer Silva Celis : una organización inteligente

El proyecto consta de tres componentes fundamentales los cuales son: (1) Crear un modelo organizacional inteligente que se articule a las demandas culturales de la comunidad de Sogamoso y contribuya a apropiación del patrimonio cultural en el departamento de Boyacá. (2) Formular un plan estratégico para la FESC que promueva procesos culturales de comunicación, intercambio y apropiación del patrimonio cultural. (3) Diseñar una estrategia de sostenibilidad para la FESC basada en la importancia de divulgar y educar en torno al patrimonio cultural.

Social networks in cultural industries

Although cultural industries can benefit from social networks in many ways, few Spanish studies examine the extent to which firms within this economic sector actually use such networks. This study's objective is to investigate the role of online social networks in Spanish cultural firms. The study begins with a literature review on cultural industries and social networks. Then the study proceeds to a Delphi analysis that draws upon experts' opinions. Results reveal a predominance of utilitarian uses over expressive ones, as well as an overriding use of proactive motivations rather than reactive ones within the context of cultural firms' use of social networks. The study confirms the profitability of these networks and the transfer of influence or power from providers to the consumers of cultural goods and services.

Health scientist exchange opportunities /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sales force social exchange in problem resolution situations

While sales managers spend much of their time resolving sales force-related problems, existing theory offers little insight into the social exchange processes which occur in problem resolution situations. Using a qualitative inquiry method rooted in grounded theory, we uncover three key social exchange contributions used by sales managers when dealing with problem situations in the sales force: sales manager responsiveness, caring, and aggressiveness. We then show that the extent to which managers use these exchange contributions in problem situations is a function of manager characteristics, problem-specific characteristics, and the situational context. We also show that the extent to which managers invest in these three social exchange contributions has implications for the quality for the interpersonal relationships between salespeople and their managers, and for the effectiveness of problem resolution activity.

Trade balance and real exchange rate:new evidence from Mauritius-UK trade

In this study we investigate whether there exists a relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance using bilateral data for the Mauritius/UK trade. We also investigate whether following depreciation or a devaluation the trade balance initially worsens due to contractual agreements and subsequently improves when new contracts for international trade are signed. Using a variety of econometric techniques we are able to establish that there exists a long-run relationship between the trade balance and the real exchange rate. The existence of such a relationship signifies that the authorities would be able to use the exchange rate to steer the trade balance. We also find following a depreciation or devaluation the trade balance initially worsens due to contractual agreements but the trade balance subsequently improves when new contracts are signed. This signifies that if the authorities want to devalue their currency to improve the trade balance, the desired effect does not occur immediately but it occurs with a lag, in this particular case after approximately a year.