Estimativas de herdabilidade para perímetro escrotal de animais da raça Nelore

Estimaram-se parâmetros genéticos e de ambiente para perímetro escrotal ao sobreano (PE) de 9.355 animais da raça Nelore. Foram considerados no modelo o efeito aleatório de animal e os efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (GC) e os efeitos linear e quadrático das covariáveis idade ao sobreano (IDS) e peso ao sobreano ajustado aos 550 dias de idade (PSAJ). O grupo contemporâneo foi definido pelas variáveis: ano, estação e fazenda de nascimento, grupo de manejo ao nascimento, desmama e sobreano. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,42 ± 0,04, quando considerados PSAJ e IDS como covariáveis; 0,41± 0,04, considerando-se PSAJ como covariável; e 0,35 ± 0,03, com apenas IDS como covariável.

Compósitos híbridos: desenvolvimento de configuração e efeitos de umidificação

The advantage in using vegetable fibres in place of synthetic fibres such as glass fibre, for reinforcements in composites are: biodegradability, low cost, low density, good tenacity, good thermal properties, low energy content and reduced use of instruments for its treatment or processing. Even though, problems related to low mechanical performance of some of the natural fibres, has caused difficulty in their direct application in structural elements. The use of alternative materials like hybrid composites has been encouraged, thus trying to better the structural performance of the composites with natural fibres. This work presents a comparative study of the strength and stiffness of hybrid composites with orthopthalic polyester matrix reinforced with E-fibre glass, jute and curauá. The experimental part includes uniaxial tension and three point bending tests to determine the mechanical properties of the final product. The hybrid composite was manufactured in a local industry and was in the form of laminates. All the samples were projected to withstand the possible structural applications as reservoirs and pipes. CH (laminated hybrid composite with glass and curauá fibres). The results obtained show clearly the influence of the hybridization in all the types tested and indicate a good mechanical performance of the composite with glass/curauá fibres in relation to the composite with glass fibres. Aspects in relation to the interfaces glass/curauá composites besides the fracture characteristics for all loading types were also analysed

Intelectuais e imprensa: a configuração de uma rede hispano-americana no espaço atlântico

Este artigo trata da configuração de uma rede intelectual de dimensão internacional que uniu a América Latina e a Península Ibérica, a partir de meados do século XIX. Objetivamos analisar o papel dos intelectuais e órgãos de imprensa na formação dessa rede e discutir suas idéias e projetos, à luz do contexto político e do debate cultural. Consideramos que a ação dos intelectuais e da imprensa contribuiu para a configuração de um espaço singular de circulação de idéias e de formação de uma opinião pública ibero-americana.

Processos cognitivos que operam na configuração de narrativas: uma pesquisa exploratória dos fenômenos que subjazem à compreensão de textos

This paper investigates the cognitive processes that operate in understanding narratives in this case, the novel Macunaíma, by Mário de Andrade. Our work belongs to the field of Embodied-based Cognitive Linguistics and, due to its interdisciplinary nature, it dialogues with theoretical and methodological frameworks of Psycholinguistics, Cognitive Psychology and Neurosciences. Therefore, we adopt an exploratory research design, recall and cloze tests, adapted, with postgraduation students, all native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The choice of Macunaíma as the novel and initial motivation for this proposal is due to the fact it is a fantastic narrative, which consists of events, circumstances and characters that are clearly distant types from what is experienced in everyday life. Thus, the novel provides adequate data to investigate the configuration of meaning, within an understanding-based model. We, therefore, seek, to answer questions that are still, generally, scarcely explored in the field of Cognitive Linguistics, such as to what extent is the activation of mental models (schemas and frames) related to the process of understanding narratives? How are we able to build sense even when words or phrases are not part of our linguistic repertoire? Why do we get emotionally involved when reading a text, even though it is fiction? To answer them, we assume the theoretical stance that meaning is not in the text, it is constructed through language, conceived as a result of the integration between the biological (which results in creating abstract imagery schemes) and the sociocultural (resulting in creating frames) apparatus. In this sense, perception, cognitive processing, reception and transmission of the information described are directly related to how language comprehension occurs. We believe that the results found in our study may contribute to the cognitive studies of language and to the development of language learning and teaching methodologies

A paz tensa da chama fugaz: a configuração do amor no romance contemporâneo, Lygia Fagundes Telles e Lídia Jorge

This thesis A paz tensa da chama fugaz: a configuração do amor no romance contemporâneo, Lygia Fagundes Telles e Lídia Jorge aims to study the configuration of Love in contemporary novels. Their corpuses of study are the novels As horas nuas (1989), by the Brazilian writer Lygia Fagundes Telles; and O vento assobiando nas gruas (2002), by the Portuguese writer Lídia Jorge. The following research tries to understand how the characters from those texts deal with some love questions on the context of the contemporary narrative; it also tries to comprehend the love expression which is formed as a contradictorily fluid feeling and intensely wanted, which are important points concerning the love discourse at the present day. As a critic-comparative study, this research focuses on the problematic concerned love as a synonym of Eros, in other words, the relation between lovers, analyzed through social and philosophical perspective. Through that, this work broadens the study of two contemporary novels, and it also establish connections between the characters from those novels and the literary environment where they are placed, once it focuses on the human and social context presented in this books. The thesis ends calling attention to the dichotomy of love and death, to the image of love which grows through absence and through the longing of completeness of the human being; that is why this work sustains that the Lygia Fagundes Telles and Lídia Jorge update and materialized in their texts the plurality of contemporary love conception, which continues to be contradictory, fragmented and problematic

Análise sobre diferentes abordagens de configuração eletrônica de elementos apresentados em livros de química

This study aimed to identify and review of the conceptual differences presented by authors of books, focusing on the theme of electronic configuration. It shows the changing concepts of electronic configuration, its implications for the cognitive development of students and their relations with the contemporary world. We identified possible obstacles in books generated in the search for simplifications, situations of different concepts of energy in the electron configuration for sublevels. For this analysis was carried out in several books, and some other general chemistry and inorganic chemistry without distinguishing between level of education, whether secondary or higher. It was found that some books for school books corroborated with higher education, others do not. To check the consistency of what was discussed, it was a survey of 30 teachers, it was found divergent points of responses, particularly with respect to the energy sublevels and authorship of the diagram which facilitated the electron configuration. It was found that the total 22professores, ie, 73,33% answered correctly on the energy sublevel more calcium (Ca) and 80%, ie, 24 teachers responded incorrectly on the iron. As for the authorship of the diagram used to facilitate the electronic configuration, we obtained 93, 33% of teachers indicated that they followed a diagram, and this was called "Diagram of Linus Pauling," teacher 01, 3,33%, indicated that the diagram was authored by Madelung and 01, 3,33%, did not respond to question. Was observed that it is necessary a more detailed assessment of ancient writings, as the search for simplifications and generalizations, not so plausible, lead to errors and consequences negative for understanding the properties of many substances. It was found that quantum mechanics combined with spectroscopic data should be part of a more thorough analysis, especially when it extends situations atoms monoelectronicpolieletrônicos to describe atoms, because factors such as effective nuclear charge and shielding factor must be taken into consideration, because interactions there is inside an atom, described by a set ofquantum numbers, sometimes not taken into account

Violência e luta por direitos no capitalismo contemporâneo: crítica à configuração do atendimento às mulheres no Rio Grande do Norte

This research analyzes the Rio Grande do Norte care services to women who face violence in the context of contemporary capitalism. To do so, we situate the patriarchy in the set of current social relations and its relationship with the corporate determinations in everyday life. The new functions of the Patriarchy in the capital sociability permeates the lives of individuals and particularizes the relationships of violence which affects women, requiring, in the immediate level, policy-making to face them. The research found an arsenal of contradictory possibilities and limitations in dealing with violence. In this process, forms of struggle and resistance predominate, which appear as possibilities and limits were identified relate to the socio-historical context of regression of the rights, historical moment in which increase the objective difficulties in everyday life to ensure the legal achievements. It is worth to emphasize the achievements and contradictions that characterize the struggle process for rights, linking services to women to the social policies and to the limits they face in opposition to the aims of the State to meet the mandatory requirements of capital, reducing its role as the main guarantor of policies and rights. In this sense, the trajectory of the achievements that have referred to the proclamation of a specific law to deal with combat violence against women, the Maria da Penha Law - 11.340/06, which provides an integrated set of measures that, if implemented, would allow the women protection from relations of violence they experience. We identified in Rio Grande do Norte precarious services that are essential to achieve the Maria da Penha Law. This situation requires a feminist organization to claim the rights that enable women to see themselves as people with rights in the process of collective struggle. This is the historical need for continuity of struggles that accumulate policies for the existence of a new model of social relations of gender. One of the possibilities that are presented in the current context is the impact on the public budget in order to ensure compliance with the budget for public policies for women - woman budget. In this perspective, feminist segments in national and state level have been organized to understand the functioning and monitoring of social policies. This is a condition and prerequisite for ensuring policies to ensure basic rights and the violence combat , which still requires an integrated set of services. The survey results allow us to consider that the struggle for rights is necessary at this historical moment, however it is not sufficient in human emancipation, which requires new forms of social relations that determine substantive equality between men and women. Thus, the feminist movement faces the challenge to organize and strengthen itself in daily life, in order to execute a project that changes the meaning of women's rights, articulated to a corporate project which wants other command in the set of social relations . This study emphasizes the need for a more and more organic connection between feminism and social struggles, to ensure the inclusion of women in anti-capitalist struggle

O Circuito espacial de produção do biodiesel: configuração no território brasileiro e uso do território Norte-Rio-Grandense

This research aims to understand the use of the territory from the Rio Grande do Norte to the circuit spatial of production from the Biodiesel understanding it as part of the national context. The introduction of biodiesel into the Brazilian energy matrix begins to take shape in the year 2005 with the implementation of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel (NPPB). This is anchored on three pillars: social inclusion (through family agriculture), environmental sustainability and economic viability. The NPPB consists of a set of standards, which turned into shares and distributed by almost all the national territory. Our reflection assumes that the places accommodating different forms of productive activities and, thus, the performance of the circuit space of biodiesel production depends on several factors, including the configuration of the territory they receive this new nexus economic. Understanding that the places by their technical content determine the realization of productive activities, it was found that the inclusion of this circuit space production in Rio Grande do Norte, reveals the reality expressed in the national territory, where some places are endowed with a privileged technical content and other extremely poor infrastructure. As our research could confirm the circuit space of biodiesel production that is expressed in the way plants are distributed within the country (mostly in South-Central), in more significant participation of small farmers in the South in the supply of raw material for the production of biodiesel and the main raw material used for the production of agrofuels (soybeans, whose production sector is highly consolidated and technified). Already the project materialization of NPPB regarding the settlements and communities of the Rio Grande do Norte State, we observed that the "event" or advent of realization encountered a technical means lacking in infrastructure that need to be molded to the needs of production, or is to cultivate castor beans or sunflower would be needed inputs and implements that farmers don´t have. Given the above, the research concludes that, as proposed previously, the use of the territory of Rio Grande do Norte to this circuit has summarized the performance of experiments, either with regard to the participation of family farmers as suppliers of raw materials, including the development of related research in the stage of production fuel oil by Petrobras. This finding came from research done from the concept of "spatial circuits of production," which allowed the verification of the circuit that steps outlined in Potiguar territory. Regarding the inclusion of family farmers in the productive circuit in RN, research reveals that, in the manner as has been done, it is doomed to failure. Furthermore, we dare say that this persistence in trying to put these family farmers, the way is being made, and the resulting successive failures, indicating that social inclusion advocated by NPPB not take place, and that this production circuit relies on the same logic circuit concentrated and exclusive space for ethanol production

Análise genética de características de crescimento e perímetro escrotal em bovinos da raça Brangus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e a tendência genética de características de crescimento e perímetro escrotal em animais da raça Brangus. Dados de 6.340 animais, criados em cinco propriedades nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro‑Oeste do Brasil, foram utilizados para avaliação de: perímetro escrotal (PE) ao sobreano e pesos ao nascer (PN), à desmama (P205), ao ano (P365) e ao sobreano (P550). Os componentes de covariância foram estimados por inferência bayesiana, sob modelo animal, com efeitos fixos de grupos de contemporâneos e de classe de idade da vaca ao parto, e efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo direto e residual. Os efeitos aleatórios genético materno e de ambiente permanente materno foram incluídos somente para PN e P205. O efeito linear da covariável idade do animal na mensuração foi considerado para todas as características analisadas, exceto PN. As médias observadas foram 33,6, 184,6, 235,9, 344,9 e 33,8 cm para PN, P205, P365, P550 e PE, respectivamente, e as tendências genéticas foram de ‑0,001, 0,107, 0,177, 0,217 kg por ano e 0,001 cm por ano. As estimativas das herdabilidades direta e materna variaram de 0,16 (PN) a 0,61 (PE) e de 0,08 (PN) a 0,09 (P205), indicativas de que as características avaliadas são passíveis de seleção para o melhoramento genético da raça Brangus.

Predição da configuração de sombras de árvores em pastagens para bovinos

São propostas equações para a determinação da orientação, comprimento e área da sombra projetada por árvores destinadas ao plantio em pastagens para bovinos, considerando o local, a época do ano e a hora do dia. As equações abrangem árvores com os seguintes formatos de copa: esférica, lentiforme, cilíndrica, elipsóide, cônica e cônica invertida. Um exemplo é apresentado, discutindo-se a aplicação no sombreamento de pastagens.

Análise da configuração de SAMU utilizando múltiplas alternativas de localização de ambulâncias

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Configuração do sistema venoso portal na cutia (Dasyprocta aguti, RODENTIA)

O estudo da veia porta quanto aos vasos confluentes para sua formação e suas tributárias foi efetuado em 10 cutias (Dasyprocta aguti), adultas (3 fêmeas e 7 machos), nas quais o sistema desta veia foi injetado com látex corado, sendo a seguir fixadas em formol a 10% e dissecadas. Verificou-se que o tronco da veia porta origina-se sempre pela confluência de duas raízes, sendo representadas em 90% dos casos, pela veia lienal e pelo tronco mesentérico comum, constituído pelas veias mesentéricas cranial e caudal e, em 10%, pela veia lienal e pela veia mesentérica cranial. O tronco da veia porta recebe como tributárias a veia pancreaticoduodenal cranial (100%), a veia gástrica direita (90%) e, ainda, a veia gastroepiplóica direita (40%).

Herdabilidades para ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano e perímetro escrotal ao sobreano e tendências genética e fenotípica para ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano em bovinos Nelore-Angus

Com o objetivo de estimar herdabilidades para ganho de peso médio diário da desmama ao sobreano (GMDDS) e para perímetro escrotal ao sobreano (PES) e tendências genética e fenotípica para GMDDS, foram utilizados 47.668 registros de peso e de ganho de peso de uma população multirracial Nelore-Angus, coletados entre 1991 e 2001 em diversas regiões do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados pelo método REML e as estimativas das (co)variâncias foram obtidas por meio de um modelo animal, no qual foram considerados fixos os efeitos da composição racial do animal (obtida pela concatenação do percentual da raça Nelore do próprio animal, de seu pai e de sua mãe) e do grupo de contemporâneos pós-desmama (animais nascidos no mesmo rebanho, ano, época e pertencentes ao mesmo sexo e grupo de manejo) e, como aleatórios, os efeitos genético aditivo direto e residual. A herdabilidade para PES foi estimada utlizando-se o mesmo modelo, acrescido dos efeitos fixos do peso e da idade do animal ao sobreano (covariáveis). As médias para idade nas pesagens foram 215 e 528 dias para a desmama e o sobreano, respectivamente. A herdabilidade estimada para GMDDS foi 0,44 ± 0,02 e para PES, 0,22 ± 0,08. A tendência genética anual predita para GMDDS foi decrescente até 1996 e crescente a partir desse período. A tendência fenotípica anual foi de 9,4 g/dia/ano.

Herdabilidades e Correlações Genéticas para Peso e Perímetro Escrotal de Machos e Características Reprodutivas e de Crescimento de Fêmeas, na Raça Canchim

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities of and genetic correlations among male body weight (BW12) and scrotal circumference (SC12) at 12 months of age, and female body weights at first (BWFC) and second (BWSC) calvings, age at first (AFC) and second (ASC) calvings, adult weight (AW), and mature weight (A) and maturation rate (k) obtained by the use of the Von Bertalanffy model. The restricted maximum likelihood method with an animal model that included the fixed effects of contemporary group and the random effects of animals, was used to estimate the variance and covariance components. The heritability estimates were equal to: 0.37 (BW12),0.30 (SC12),0.38 (A), 0.35 (k), 0.12 (AFC), 0.33 (BWFC), 0.04 (ASC), 0.39 (BWSC), and 0.38 (AW). The genetic correlations among BW12 and the female traits were: 0.19 (parameter A), 0.62 (parameter k), -0.58 (AFC), 0.69 (BWFC), -0.56 (ASC), 0.61 (BWSC), and 0.60 (AW). The genetic correlations among SC12 and the female traits were: -0.24 (A), 0.27 (k), -0.47 (AFC), 0.09 (BWFC), -0.67 (ASC), 0.07 (BWSC), and -0.17 (AW). These results indicate that male body weight and scrotal circumference and female weights (BWFC, BWSC and AW) and growth curve parameters A and k have enough additive genetic variation to respond to mass selection. Selection to increase male body weight at 12 months of age should result on favorable correlated changes in AFC, ASC and parameter k of females, but with increases in female body weights (BWFC, BWSC and AW). Selection to increase SC12 should result on desirable correlated responses in AFC, ASC and k, without any considerable change in female adult body weights.

Fatores de correção do perímetro escrotal para efeitos de idade e peso ao sobreano de tourinhos nelore

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)