Hevosenlannan jätestatus ja polttaminen Suomen ja Euroopan unionin lainsäädännössä

Tutkielmassa on selvitetty, vastaavatko Suomessa käytetty hevosenlan-nan jätteeksi määrittely ja hevosenlannan polttamista koskevat vaatimuk-set EU:n lainsäädäntöä. Lisäksi haluttiin etsiä mahdollisuuksia keventää hevosenlannan polttamiselle asetettuja vaatimuksia. Tutkielma toteutettiin lainopillista ja de lege ferenda –menetelmiä käyttäen. Hevosenlanta on EU:n sivutuoteasetuksen mukaan eläimistä saatava si-vutuote, johon sovelletaan jätedirektiiviä silloin, kun se on tarkoitettu pol-tettavaksi tai muuhun direktiivissä määriteltyyn tarkoitukseen. Jätelain so-veltamisala on jätedirektiiviä laajempi, sillä jätelakia sovelletaan hevosen-lantaan riippumatta siitä, minkälaiseen käsittelyyn se on tarkoittu. Suo-messa meneillään olevan jätelain uudistamisen myötä jätelain sovelta-misala tulee vastaamaan jätedirektiivin soveltamisalaa. Hevosenlannan polttamiselle Suomen jätteenpolttoasetuksessa asetetut vaatimukset vastaavat EU:n jätteenpolttodirektiivin vaatimuksia. Hevosen-lannan polttamisen helpottamiseksi tulisi jatkotutkimuksissa selvittää ensi-sijaisesti sitä, voidaanko jätteenpolttodirektiivissä polttamisen seurannalle asetetuista teknisistä vaatimuksista myöntää poikkeuksia poltettaessa ta-salaatuista hevosenlanta-kuivikeseosta.

The relationship between a virtual leader’s communication practices and a virtual team’s performance

A lot of research has been carried out into virtual teams and virtual leadership, yet there is hardly any research available on the communication behaviour of virtual leaders within a real business context. This research assessed the communication practices of virtual leaders and analysed the relationship between these practices and the performance of virtual teams. The objective of this research was to examine the distinctions of virtual teams, to study the leader’s role in a virtual team and its performance, and to examine the leader’s communication practices within virtual teams. The research involves a case study in which interviews have been carried out within an international technology company headquartered in Finland. Qualitative research methods were applied in the research. Based on the results of the study it can be said that there is a strong relationship between a virtual leader’s communication practices and a virtual team member’s job satisfaction. Through their communication practices, activities and message contents, leaders can affect the job satisfaction of virtual team members. In virtual leadership the focus is not in virtual but in leadership. It does not matter if the context is virtual or face-to-face; similar communication practices are good in both cases. As the global economic crisis strongly affected the sales results of the between a leader’s communication practices and a virtual team’s objective performance cannot be made.

Kopulaverbet vara som citatmarkör i svenskt ungdomsspråk

Artikel i konferensvolym 2009.

The Integrin Tail: A Tale of Cell Motility and Division

Integrin transmembrane receptor functions are regulated by adaptor molecules binding to their alpha and beta subunit intracellular domains, or tails, thus affecting integrin traffic and adhesion during e.g. cell motility. Interestingly, many cellular proteins function in both cell motility and cell division, thus raising the possibility that integrins might be involved in regulating the cell cycle. A thorough understanding of cell division is essential in cell biology and in human malignancies. It is well established that failures to complete cell cycle can give rise to genetically unstable cells with tumorigenic properties. Transformed cells promote the disruption of intercellular adhesions such as tight junctions, and this correlates with the onset of cell motility, invasion and unfavorable prognosis in cancer. In this study, we analyzed integrin regulation, mediated by adaptor binding to the  subunit tail, during cell motility and cell division. We revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which Rab21, through association with the integrin alpha subunits, drives integrin endosomal traffic during mitotic phases. In addition, we found indications for this finding in vivo, as RAB21 gene deletions were mapped in ovarian and prostate cancer samples. Importantly, the multinucleated phenotype of cultured ovarian cancer cells could be reverted by Rab21 overexpression. In this thesis work, we also show how the tight junction protein ZO-1 unexpectedly interacts with the 5 integrin cytoplasmic domain in the lamellipodia to promote cell motility and at the cleavage furrow to support separation of the daughter cells. The alpha5-ZO-1 complex formation was dependent on PKC which regulates ZO-1 phosphorylation and its subcellular localization. In addition, by an in situ detection method, we showed that a subset of metastatic human lung cancers expressed the alpha5beta-ZO-1 complex. Taken together, we were able to identify new molecular pathways that regulate integrin functions in an alpha tail-mediated fashion. These findings firmly suggest that genetic alterations in integrin traffic may lead to progression of tumorigenesis as a result of failed cell division. Also, the interplay of integrins and ZO-1 in forming spatially regulated adhesive structures broadens our view of crosstalk between pathways and distinct adhesive structures that can be involved in cancer cell biology.

Mielikuvia Kanadasta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Maksuehtojen vaikutus käyttöpääoman ja asiakkuuksien hallinnassa - casetutkimus

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella maksuehtojen ja niiden aiheuttamien kustannusten merkitystä käyttöpääoman ja asiakkuuksien hallinnassa. Tavoitteena on selvittää maksuehtojen kohdeyritykselle mahdollisesti aiheuttamia kustannuksia ja niiden vaikutusta käyttöpääomaan ja asiakaskannattavuuksiin. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuuden muodostaa käyttöpääoman ja asiakkuuksien hallinnan kirjallisuuskatsaus. Pääpaino on ostovelkojen ja myyntisaatavien hallinnassa sekä asiakaslaskentatoimen laskentamenetelmissä. Tutkimuksen empiriaosuus käsittelee kohdeyrityksen maksuehtojen kautta teoriaosassa esitettyjä aihealueita. Johtopäätöksenä voidaan todeta, että kohdeyrityksen tämän hetkisillä maksuehdoilla ei ole suurta negatiivista vaikutusta yrityksen käyttöpääomaan. Maksuehdoista aiheutuneiden kustannusten merkitys asiakaskannattavuuksissa korostuu enemmän pienten kuin suurten asiakkaiden kohdalla.

"On annettava lampun palaa." : historiaa kirjoittavat naiset

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Miten käy Itämeren?

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Maalaislasten ja -nuorten moninaiset koulutiet

Lektio Suomen ja Pohjoismaiden historian väitöskirjaan Työtätekevistä käsistä puhtaiksi ja kirjoittaviksi. Suomalaisen oppivelvollisuuskoulun ja maalaislasten kohtaaminen 1921-1939 (SKS) Helsingin yliopistossa 27.11.2004.

Uusien uhkakuvien luominen: tapaus 'kiinalaiset kybersoturit' : lingvistinen uhka-analyysi kyberdiskurssista

Since his inauguration, President Barack Obama has emphasized the need for a new cybersecurity policy, pledging to make it a "national security priority". This is a significant change in security discourse after an eight-year war on terror – a term Obama announced to be no longer in use. After several white papers, reports and the release of the so-called 60-day Cybersecurity Review, Obama announced the creation of a "cyber czar" position and a new military cyber command to coordinate American cyber defence and warfare. China, as an alleged cyber rival, has played an important role in the discourse that introduced the need for the new office and the proposals for changes in legislation. Research conducted before this study suggest the dominance of state-centric enemy descriptions paused briefly after 9/11, but returned soon into threat discourse. The focus on China's cyber activities fits this trend. The aim of this study is to analyze the type of modern threat scenarios through a linguistic case study on the reporting on Chinese hackers. The methodology of this threat analysis is based on the systemic functional language theory, and realizes as an analysis of action and being descriptions (verbs) used by the American authorities. The main sources of data include the Cybersecurity Act 2009, Securing Cyberspace for the 44th Presidency, and 2008 Report to Congress of the U.S. - China Economic and Security Review Commission. Contrary to the prevailing and popularized terrorism discourse, the results show the comeback of Cold War rhetoric as well as the establishment of a state-centric threat perception in cyber discourse. Cyber adversaries are referred to with descriptions of capacity, technological superiority and untrustworthiness, whereas the ‘self’ is described as vulnerable and weak. The threat of cyber attacks is compared to physical attacks on critical military and civilian infrastructure. The authorities and the media form a cycle, in which both sides quote each other and foster each other’s distrust and rhetoric. The white papers present China's cyber army as an existential threat. This leads to cyber discourse turning into a school-book example of a securitization process. The need for security demands action descriptions, which makes new rules and regulations acceptable. Cyber discourse has motives and agendas that are separate from real security discourse: the arms race of the 21st century is about unmanned war.