O turismo de base comunitária como vetor de etnodesenvolvimento: a comunidade Mebêngôkre-Kayapó na Terra Indígena Las Casas - PA

This study aims to analyze the contribution that the future implementation of community-based tourism can provide to Mebengokre-Kayapo, people of the village Tekrejarôti, they re-inhabiting the indigenous land Las Casas, located in southern of Pará, taking into consideration that tourism is as vector of ethnodevelopment, and it can also contribute to the conservation of Sociobiodiversity and local culture through experiences that will enable the realization of acquaintanceship, where there will be sharing of the daily activities of the customs of the local people, and cultural changes, which is the aim between visitors and the community, where these ones can promote the knowledge of non-indigenous people, and to consolidate the ethnic and cultural identity thereof too. Thus, this study guided by the participatory action research, it was used data obtained in 2012, that were results from the application of interviews with the community to make the diagnosis of tourism potential. It is an exploratory and descriptive research about the topic. The field research combined with participant observation, workshops and interviews contributed to it was possible to conduct a depth analysis about the environment studied. This research has the intention to obtain concrete results in the implementation and/or promotion of a cultural practice and environmentally sustainable ruled in organizational processes that permeates the guidelines of community-based tourism, however this depends on the conditions of human and forest resources, and infrastructure conditions in the community, providing in the short and medium terms, social activities and culturally positive for the culture of this people, and providing to long term, environmental and economic landmarks. As result, it was possible to identify that the community with its cultural events, parties and ceremonies being allied to their way of life and taken from their criteria, it is able to work with the tourism within their land and it can makes the tourism, a cultural affirmation opportunity and income generation. But, it concludes that for tourism to become ,in fact, there are required to be carried out some measures, that meets the new Regulatory Instruction IN 3/2015, this IN states that for the community to work with tourism in their land, it is necessary to be prepared a visitation plan that fits the established requirements. This research is constituted as an important tool in building this visitation plan, given that it was done from the community demand and it was conducted in a participatory manner, valuing the horizontal dialogue and the autonomy of this people.

Detection of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI-2) in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis patients

Background: The regulation of plasminogen activation is a key element in controlling proteolytic events in the extracellular matrix. Our previous studies had demonstrated that in inflamed gingival tissues, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is significantly increased in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissue and that interleukin 1β (IL-1β) can up regulate the level of t-PA and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) synthesis by human gingival fibroblasts. Method: In the present study, the levels of t-PA and PAI-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured from healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis sites and compared before and after periodontal treatment. Crevicular fluid from106 periodontal sites in 33 patients were collected. 24 sites from 11 periodontitis patients received periodontal treatment after the first sample collection and post-treatment samples were collected 14 days after treatment. All samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for t-PA and PAI-2. Results: The results showed that significantly high levels of t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF were found in the gingivitis and periodontitis sites. Periodontal treatment led to significant decreases of PAI-2, but not t-PA, after 14 days. A significant positive linear correlation was found between t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF (r=0.80, p<0.01). In the healthy group, different sites from within the same subject showed little variation of t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF. However, the gingivitis and periodontitis sites showed large variation. These results suggest a good correlation between t-PA and PAI-2 with the severity of periodontal conditions. Conclusion: This study indicates that t-PA and PAI-2 may play a significant rôle in the periodontal tissue destruction and tissue remodeling and that t-PA and PAI-2 in GCF may be used as clinical markers to evaluate the periodontal diseases and assess treatment.

Managing and sharing health data through information accountability protocols

Concerns over the security and privacy of patient information are one of the biggest hindrances to sharing health information and the wide adoption of eHealth systems. At present, there are competing requirements between healthcare consumers' (i.e. patients) requirements and healthcare professionals' (HCP) requirements. While consumers want control over their information, healthcare professionals want access to as much information as required in order to make well-informed decisions and provide quality care. In order to balance these requirements, the use of an Information Accountability Framework devised for eHealth systems has been proposed. In this paper, we take a step closer to the adoption of the Information Accountability protocols and demonstrate their functionality through an implementation in FluxMED, a customisable EHR system.

Medical Data Access Accountability in EHR Systems, A Practical Perspective

The world has experienced a large increase in the amount of available data. Therefore, it requires better and more specialized tools for data storage and retrieval and information privacy. Recently Electronic Health Record (EHR) Systems have emerged to fulfill this need in health systems. They play an important role in medicine by granting access to information that can be used in medical diagnosis. Traditional systems have a focus on the storage and retrieval of this information, usually leaving issues related to privacy in the background. Doctors and patients may have different objectives when using an EHR system: patients try to restrict sensible information in their medical records to avoid misuse information while doctors want to see as much information as possible to ensure a correct diagnosis. One solution to this dilemma is the Accountable e-Health model, an access protocol model based in the Information Accountability Protocol. In this model patients are warned when doctors access their restricted data. They also enable a non-restrictive access for authenticated doctors. In this work we use FluxMED, an EHR system, and augment it with aspects of the Information Accountability Protocol to address these issues. The Implementation of the Information Accountability Framework (IAF) in FluxMED provides ways for both patients and physicians to have their privacy and access needs achieved. Issues related to storage and data security are secured by FluxMED, which contains mechanisms to ensure security and data integrity. The effort required to develop a platform for the management of medical information is mitigated by the FluxMED's workflow-based architecture: the system is flexible enough to allow the type and amount of information being altered without the need to change in your source code.

The Mediated Immediacy : João Batista Libanio and the Question of Latin American Liberation Theology

This study is a systematic analysis of mediated immediacy in the production of the Brazilian professor of theology João Batista Libanio. He stresses both ethical mediation and the immediate character of the faith. Libanio has sought an answer to the problem of science and faith. He makes use of the neo-scholastic distinction between matter and form. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, God cannot be known as a scientific object, but it is possible to predicate a formal theological content of other subject matter with the help of revelation. This viewpoint was emphasized in neo-Thomism and supported by the liberation theologians. For them, the material starting point was social science. It becomes a theologizable or revealable (revelabile) reality. This social science has its roots in Latin American Marxism which was influenced by the school of Louis Althusser and considered Marxism a science of history . The synthesis of Thomism and Marxism is a challenge Libanio faced, especially in his Teologia da libertação from 1987. He emphasized the need for a genuinely spiritual and ethical discernment, and was particularly critical of the ethical implications of class struggle. Libanio s thinking has a strong hermeneutic flavor. It is more important to understand than to explain. He does not deny the need for social scientific data, but that they cannot be the exclusive starting point of theology. There are different readings of the world, both scientific and theological. A holistic understanding of the nature of religious experience is needed. Libanio follows the interpretation given by H. C. de Lima Vaz, according to whom the Hegelian dialectic is a rational circulation between the totality and its parts. He also recalls Oscar Cullmann s idea of God s Kingdom that is already and not yet . In other words, there is a continuous mediation of grace into the natural world. This dialectic is reflected in ethics. Faith must be verified in good works. Libanio uses the Thomist fides caritate formata principle and the modern orthopraxis thinking represented by Edward Schillebeeckx. One needs both the ortho of good faith and the praxis of the right action. The mediation of praxis is the mediation of human and divine love. Libanio s theology has strong roots in the Jesuit spirituality that places the emphasis on contemplation in action.

Part II: A Fully Integrated RF PA in 28-nm CMOS With Device Design for Optimized Performance and ESD Robustness

In this paper, we report drain-extended MOS device design guidelines for the RF power amplifier (RF PA) applications. A complete RF PA circuit in a 28-nm CMOS technology node with the matching and biasing network is used as a test vehicle to validate the RF performance improvement by a systematic device design. A complete RF PA with 0.16-W/mm power density is reported experimentally. By simultaneous improvement of device-circuit performance, 45% improvement in the circuit RF power gain, 25% improvement in the power-added efficiency at 1-GHz frequency, and 5x improvement in the electrostatic discharge robustness are reported experimentally.

Caracterización y evaluación de siete clones de pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) en el Centro Experimental Campos Azules (CECA), Masatepe (Masaya)

La intensificación del cultivo de la Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) y la creciente demanda de frutos por el mercado nacional así como la exportación, ha requerido de la búsqueda de nuevas variedades que respondan adecuadamente a las exigencias de los mercados en sabor, color, dulzor, apariencia, y a las expectativas de los productores como la resistencia a plagas y enfermedades. La presente investigación se realizó entre los meses de Junio y Noviembre del año 2003 en el Centro Experimental Campos Azules (CECA); ubicado en el municipio de Masatepe, departamento de Masaya. El objetivo del trabajo es principalmente validar una Guía de Descriptores de Pitahaya. Además de caracterizar morfológicamente cada uno de los siete clones de Pitahaya (Amarilla, Cebra, Lisa, Orejona, Rosa, Sin Espina y San Ignacio) encontradas en el banco de germoplasma del CECA. Se tomaron las muestras bajo un Diseño Completo al Azar (D.C.A.) ya que la plantación estaba establecida y se realizó la caracterización de flores y frutos en el laboratorio del REGEN, exceptuando el levantamiento de datos vegetativos (cladodios) el que se realizó en el campo. Los datos se procesaron mediante análisis de varianzas y desviación estándar (entre y dentro de los clones con la tabla Tukey al 5%) en cuanto a clones, fechas de muestreo e interacción clon * fecha, Análisis de Agrupamiento (AA), Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP), análisis de correlación y un análisis del empleo de la Guía de Descriptores. El clon Amarilla presentó los más altos valores en el ANDEVA respecto a los cladodios para las variables ancho de cladodio, longitud de espinas y número de espinas, respecto al resto de los clones (7.34 cm, 12.74cm y 6.75 espinas respectivamente), el clon Sin Espina obtuvo el más alto valor en la variable distancia de areola (3.71 cm). El Análisis de Varianza en cuanto a frutos mostró diferencias estadísticas en las variables tamaño de semilla y número de brácteas, correspondientes a los clones Sin Espina y Cebra (49.11s/g y 32.88 brácteas respectivamente); El ANDEVA en cuanto a fechas mostró que en la fecha 4 (Noviembre) se obtuvieron los mejores resultados; reflejando significancia estadística en todas las variables. El análisis de Componentes Principales determinó que el 40.17% de la variación total del germoplasma la aportan los dos primeros CP y las variables que la integran son volumen de fruto, peso de fruto, peso de pulpa, diámetro de fruto, volumen de pulpa, número de pétalos, número de brácteas, color de estigma, ancho y forma de pétalos. El Análisis de Agrupamiento mostró que existen cuatro (4) grupos formados por los clones Amarilla, I; Cebra, Sin Espina y San Ignacio, II; Lisa y Orejona, III y Rosa, IV. El análisis de correlación demuestra que las variables de fruto están íntimamente asociadas.

Evaluación de dieciseis variedades comerciales de frijol en tres épocas de siembra en Campos Azules, Masatepe, Departamento de Masaya

El frijol ocupa el segundo lugar en el consumo de los granos básicos del pueblo de Nicaragua, ya que constituye una de las principales fuentes de proteínas en la dieta del pueblo Nicaragüense. El rendimiento promedio nacional ha sido bajo durante los últimos cinco años con 736 kilogramos por hectárea en 1969 (6). Para incrementar este rendimiento es necesario sembrar variedades con rendimientos superiores al material criollo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la adaptación y rendimiento de 16 variedades de frijol, en tres épocas de siembra tratando de encontrar algunas con rendimientos que nos ayuden a aumentar la producción nacional. Estos ensayos se llevaron a cabo en la Estación Regional de Diversificación Agrícola "Campos Azules" clasificada como zona 3.3/1 de baja probabilidad de obtener buenos rendimientos (6). En los tres ensayos se empleo el diseño de bloques al azar con tres, cuatro y cinco repeticiones, respectivamente. De acuerdo a los resultados en el numero de vainas por planta, hubo diferencia significativa para variedades negras y rojas lo mismo que para el numero de granos por vaina. El mayor numero promedio de vainas por plantas fue obtenido por la variedad negra Porrillo N°. 1 con 10.0 entre las rojas Honduras 24 con 8.2. El mayor numero de granos por vaina entre las variedades negras y rojas fueron 51052 y Honduras 24 con 6.6 y 5.8, respectivamente. La variedad negra de mayor rendimiento promedio de las tres épocas fue 51051 con 1.517 kilogramos por hectárea pero fue la que obtuvo el menor rendimiento en la siembra de primera con 1.056 kilogramos por hectárea. La variedad roja de mayor rendimiento promedio de las tres épocas fue 27-R con 1.083 kilogramos por hectárea, pero en la siembra de primera fue superada por la variedad Rico Rojo con 1.660 kilogramos por hectárea.

O processo legislativo, o orçamento público e a Casa Legislativa

Reúne artigos sobre o processo legislativo e seus impactos na democracia, sobre o orçamento e políticas públicas e sobre assuntos pertinentes à Casa Legislativa, abrangendo os aspectos da gestão estratégica, da informação legislativa e da participação da Câmara dos Deputados em ações de sustentabilidade, tendo como foco o programa de coleta seletiva.

[Discurso do Deputado França Campos : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 28 de agosto de 1957]

Discussão do Projeto nº 1.773-A, de 1956, que fixa a data para a mudança da Capital Federal. Demonstração do apoio do Brasil à mudança da Capital Federal, pelo voto de seus representantes na Câmara dos Deputados, onde 172 deputados, dos 194 votantes, manifestaram-se favoravelmente ao regime de urgência para a apreciação da matéria. Refutação dos argumentos de que a mudança da capital inviabilizará a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, uma vez que apenas 10 mil funcionários serão transferidos para Brasília e os portos da cidade terão sua atividade reforçada com a construção da nova Capital.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 279]

Estados e Municípios querem uma participação maior nos resultados da exploração mineral no Brasil. O presidente da Vale do Rio Doce, Agripino Abranches, teme que o pagamento de royalties onere ainda mais a empresa. O Deputado Gil Cesar (PMDB-MG) defende a ideia da participação dos Estados na legislação mineral. O Deputado Antonio Câmara (PMDB-RN) elabora destaque prevendo esta participação. Parlamentares acreditam que não conseguirão cumprir o prazo. Os Deputados Enoc Vieria (PFL-MA) e Roberto Rollenberg (PMDB-SP) não concordam com prazo limitado. Em debate, o funcionamento da Comissão de Sistematização e do Plenário em paralelo. O Deputado Chico Humberto (PDT-MG) é contra, enquanto os Deputados Jorge Arbage (PDT-PA) e José Lourenço (PFL-BA) concordam por acelerar o andamento dos trabalhos. O Deputado Antônio Brito (PMDB-RS) vê um país inquieto, a procura de respostas. O Deputado Siqueira Campos (PDC-GO) fala sobre o título III, que trata da criação de Estados e defende a criação do Estado do Tocantins.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 272]

O Substitutivo nº 2 estabelece que as jazidas e recursos minerais sejam bens da União. O aproveitamento, a lavra e a pesquisa dos minérios somente poderão ser realizados por empresas nacionais com concessão do Governo Federal. A Deputada Raquel Cândido (DMDP-RO) defende que 50% da matéria-prima sejam industrializadas no local da jazida. Constituintes também reivindicam a promoção e desenvolvimento social dos garimpeiros. O Deputado Ademir Andrade (PMDB-PA) defende a criação de cooperativas no garimpo e a permanência dos garimpeiros nas jazidas onde já trabalham. A Comissão de Sistematização rejeita a proposta de pluralidade sindical. Aprovado o destaque do Deputado Geraldo Campos (PMDB-DF) que não permite a criação de mais de um sindicato por categoria profissional ou econômica na mesma base territorial. O Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) vota contrário ao destaque. O Deputado Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (PT-SP) propõe outro destaque mantendo a liberdade sindical. O PT também protesta contra o imposto sindical. O Deputado Geraldo Campos (PMDB-DF) defende, mais uma vez, a unicidade do sindicato. O Deputado José Genuíno (PT-SP) critica o destaque aprovado. O Deputado Vivaldo Barbosa (PDT-RJ) enfatiza que a aprovação do destaque é um avanço por desvincular os sindicatos ao Estado.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 255]

A Comissão de Sistematização solicita, ao Presidente da Assembléia Nacional Constituinte (ANC), Deputado Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB- SP), mais prazo para a votação do substitutivo. O Deputado Valter Pereira (PMDB-MS) e o Senador João Menezes (PFL-PA) concordam com a solicitação dos membros da Comissão de Sistematização. Deputado Jorge Leite (PMDB-RJ) discorda, pois, para ele, a Comissão está muito atrasada. O Presidente da ANC, Deputado Ulysses Guimarães, após reunião com os líderes, declara que o prazo foi adiado por vinte dias. O parágrafo quarenta e nove (49), do artigo 5º, que trata da ação popular, foi votado. O Deputado Gastoni Righi (PTB-SP) explica a importância da ação popular. Foi aprovada a emenda que altera o parágrafo cinquenta e um (51), que trata da ação de inconstitucionalidade. O destaque do Deputado Aluízio Campos (PMDB-PB), que altera o parágrafo cinquenta e dois (52), foi aprovado por unanimidade. Dessa forma, é garantida a gratuidade para o habeas data e habeas corpus. A Comissão começará a votar o Capítulo II, dos Direitos e Liberdades Fundamentais. O Deputado Haroldo Lima (PCdoB-BA) busca o entendimento de como encaminhar a votação, para que haja rapidez no processo.