AS MARCAS E O CONSUMIDOR: Um estudo dos discursos da publicidade na perspectiva da modificação dos estereótipos na representação da família.The

Os papeis de homens e mulheres na sociedade contemporânea têm sido reestruturados, assim como a própria noção das estruturas familiares se renova. Algumas marcas estão atentas a essas mudanças e, no contexto mercadológico, fica evidente que os consumidores são diversos, com novas demandas e expectativas pelo reconhecimento dessa diversidade. Esta dissertação discute a mudança de abordagem na representação da família, demonstrando suas mutações de papeis na publicidade, esta vista como um produto sociocultural. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa subsidiada pela análise de discurso de linha francesa. Primeiramente, o estudo qualitativo se desenvolve a partir de uma abordagem bibliográfica e documental e uma parte empírica de análise de discurso de campanhas publicitárias dos últimos anos, selecionadas a partir de seu foco nas representações familiares contemporâneas, de marcas que as tratem com naturalidade e demonstrem aceitar essas transições, buscando-as através da análise de casos múltiplos de amostras intencionais os avanços quando se trata dos modelos familiares, elementos que se desviam de representação conservadora da família. Demonstrou-se que há uma tendência de algumas marcas reforçarem qual é o público que desejam atingir através de suas construções discursivas que apontam para o reconhecimento das famílias reconstituídas, para a adoção e para a homo e monoparentalidade, ou seja, para a confirmação da existência dos variados tipos de família.

SnoN and Ski protooncoproteins are rapidly degraded in response to transforming growth factor β signaling

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) regulates a variety of physiologic processes, including growth inhibition, differentiation, and induction of apoptosis. Some TGF-β-initiated signals are conveyed through Smad3; TGF-β binding to its receptors induces phosphorylation of Smad3, which then migrates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor. We describe here the association of Smad3 with the nuclear protooncogene protein SnoN. Overexpression of SnoN represses transcriptional activation by Smad3. Activation of TGF-β signaling leads to rapid degradation of SnoN and, to a lesser extent, of the related Ski protein, and this degradation is likely mediated by cellular proteasomes. These results demonstrate the existence of a cascade of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which, upon TGF-β stimulation, leads to the destruction of protooncoproteins that antagonize the activation of the TGF-β signaling.

The catalytic subunit of yeast telomerase

Telomerase is an RNA-directed DNA polymerase, composed of RNA and protein subunits, that replicates the telomere ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. Using a genetic strategy described here, we identify the product of the EST2 gene, Est2p, as a subunit of telomerase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Est2p is required for enzyme catalysis, as mutations in EST2 were found to result in the absence of telomerase activity. Immunochemical experiments show that Est2p is an integral subunit of the telomerase enzyme. Critical catalytic residues present in RNA-directed DNA polymerases are conserved in Est2p; mutation of one such residue abolishes telomerase activity, suggesting a direct catalytic role for Est2p.

DNA damage enhances melanogenesis.

Although the ability of UV irradiation to induce pigmentation in vivo and in vitro is well documented, the intracellular signals that trigger this response are poorly understood. We have recently shown that increasing DNA repair after irradiation enhances UV-induced melanization. Moreover, addition of small DNA fragments, particularly thymine dinucleotides (pTpT), selected to mimic sequences excised during the repair of UV-induced DNA photoproducts, to unirradiated pigment cells in vitro or to guinea pig skin in vivo induces a pigment response indistinguishable from UV-induced tanning. Here we present further evidence that DNA damage and/or the repair of this damage increases melanization. (i) Treatment with the restriction enzyme Pvu II or the DNA-damaging chemical agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) or 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) produces a 4- to 10-fold increase in melanin content in Cloudman S91 murine melanoma cells and an up to 70% increase in normal human melanocytes, (ii) UV irradiation, MMS, and pTpT all upregulate the mRNA level for tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. (iii) Treatment with pTpT or MMS increases the response of S91 cells to melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and increases the binding of MSH to its cell surface receptor, as has been reported for UV irradiation. Together, these data suggest that UV-induced DNA damage and/or the repair of this damage is an important signal in the pigmentation response to UV irradiation. Because Pvu II acts exclusively on DNA and because MMS and 4-NQO, at the concentrations used, primarily interact with DNA, such a stimulus alone appears sufficient to induce melanogenesis. Of possible practical importance, the dinucleotide pTpT mimics most, if not all, of the effects of UV irradiation on pigmentation, tyrosinase mRNA regulation, and response to MSH without the requirement for antecedent DNA damage.

Análisis de las acciones colectivas en la gobernanza del agua subterránea en España

El uso de agua subterránea se ha visto en auge en las últimas décadas a escala global, gracias a los avances tecnológicos que han facilitado las extracciones y a los beneficios que aporta este recurso, como resiliencia frente a sequías. Un elemento a veces poco estudiado en el marco del uso intensivo ha sido la ausencia de instrumentos para la gobernanza del agua subterránea, es decir, la falta de herramientas institucionales y normas por parte de las autoridades y de los propios usuarios para regular la gestión y el uso del recurso. Las leyes y medidas que las autoridades del agua han establecido mediante métodos de regulación directa, como registro de extracciones, permisos y concesiones, y las declaraciones de sobreexplotación, no han sido suficientes para controlar y planificar el uso intensivo del agua. En algunos casos, las acciones colectivas de los propios usuarios, auto-regulándose y gestionando el recurso, han probado ser una fórmula más eficaz para su utilización y conservación, sin dar lugar necesariamente a una situación de “tragedia de los comunes”. Así se demuestra en la obra de Ostrom (1990) en la que se dan ejemplos de resolución de problemas comunes sin necesidad de la intervención de un tercero, ya sea organismo público o ente privado. Otra forma de regulación indirecta ha sido mediante la aplicación de otras políticas del sector agrario o energético, en zonas con acuíferos grandes o un gran número de usuarios (Aarnoudse et al., 2011; Shah 2012)...

Salutatory address of Abiel Abbot, 1792

Six-unlined pages containing a handwritten copy of the salutatory address composed by Abiel Abbot in Latin for the 1792 Harvard College Commencement. The text includes edits and struck-through words. The first page includes the title "Autore Abiele Abbot" and has a penciled note: "This must be gr. grandfather's Latin oration when he graduated from Harvard, with honors, in 1792."

Historic preservation resources /

Mode of access: Internet.

FRELANE: an analysis model for major freeway segments: user's guide. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.

The story of food preservation

"Teacher's guide: units on 'The story of food preservation'", by E.M. Tripato [and others]: 16 p. at end.

Metropolitan Los Angeles, a study in integration.

Includes bibliographies.

Letters from Mexico

Illus. t.-p.

Red hair.

Originally published under title: The vicissitudes of Evangeline.

Jennifer Lorn : a sedate extravaganza : illuminating episodes in the lives of the Hon. Gerald Poyngard and his bride /

First ed. with uncorrected t.p., which was subsequently excised and a cancellans (with "Poyngard" corrected to "Poynyard" and 4th word of Latin quotation changed from "tegmine" to "tegmina") tipped in on stub of original t.p.

The vicissitudes of Evangeline; a novel,

Mode of access: Internet.

Sundry ballades /

25 copies also privately printed for Albert M. Bender, and 25 for George Chambers Calvert, each with special dedication and colophon. Cf. Heller, E.R. Bibliography of the Grabhorn Press, no. 49.