Did??ctica del patrimonio arqueol??gico, el proyecto del poblado Ib??rico de Alorda Park o Les Toixoneres (Calafell, Tarragona)

Para conocer el patrimonio arqueol??gico se ha de impulsar la comprensi??n, el respeto y la valoraci??n del p??blico. S??lo se puede respetar lo que se conoce por eso hay que adecuar los yacimientos arqueol??gicos mediante una ayuda, un acondicionamiento que facilite la lectura del conjunto por el p??blico. Estos lugares son cada d??a m??s visitados por los escolares en los que hay que fomentar actitudes positivas hacia el patrimonio arqueol??gico y cultural para que adquieran claves interpretativas del pasado.. La presente investigaci??n tiene un car??cter b??sicamente pluridisciplinar.Parte, en primer lugar, de un yacimiento arqueol??gico, el de les Toixoneres de Calafell (Baix Pened??s, Tarragona), desde su descubrimiento hasta su total excavaci??n e interpretaci??n arquitect??nica del conjunto y se profundiza en el proyecto de recreaci??n hipot??tica del mismo; ello implica planteamientos museol??gicos evidentes.Finalmente hay un tercera parte que justifica y da unidad a las dos anteriores y que es el proyecto did??ctico.. El proyecto se inscribe en tres ??mbitos de investigaci??n: la investigaci??n arqueol??gica, la investigaci??n sobre tratamiento del patrimonio y la investigaci??n educativa. El m??todo arqueol??gico implica, m??s hip??tesis previas, las excavaciones necesarias para fundamentar el marco hipot??tico, el an??lisis de los restos exhumados y, finalmente, la interpretaci??n de los mismos. En el proyecto de intervenci??n arquitect??nica el trabajo debe partir de la definici??n de concepto arquitect??nico y la elaboraci??n del proyecto; esta fase se inscribe en el marco de la experimentaci??n arquitect??nica. Finalmente el proyecto did??ctico se concreta en unas propuestas espec??ficas de materiales para uso escolar que permitan aproximarnos al pasado de la forma m??s f??cil posible.. Desde un punto de vista arqueol??gico los trabajos demuestran no un yacimiento aislado, sino un modelo de ocupaci??n del espacio con un trazado regular de calles, m??dulos complejos de cosas, un palacio, etc. Respecto al proyecto arquitect??nico se parte de la necesidad de conservar los restos, para lo cual hay que darles un uso socialmente rentable, cosa que no ocurre con el tratamiento museogr??fico que se da a las ruinas. Por ??ltimo el proyecto did??ctico ha permitido hacer un repaso del aprendizaje de la historia seg??n la estructura curricular vigente desarroll??ndose contenidos de tipo conceptual y procedimental.. A lo largo de la tesis se plantea la necesidad de ense??ar historia utilizando los instrumentos del historiador. Por ello las actividades de aprendizaje dise??ados a lo largo de este proyecto did??ctico, no se mueven en el campo simple de actividades de museo sino en el seno de un dise??o curricular. No se plantean procedimientos de arqueolog??a con el af??n de formar futuros arque??logos, sino con la esperanza de mostrar los argumentos l??gicos con los que opera cualquier disciplina cient??fica..

El alfabeto ib??rico

Se analiza una de las lagunas del mundo ib??rico: su lengua. Por ahora no ha sido descifrada y se desconoce su origen. Aunque los tres grupos principales del alfabeto ib??rico (la escritura del suroeste, la meridional y la levantina) coinciden en sus rasgos b??sicos, se observan algunas diferencias. Los textos m??s antiguos se remontan al siglo V a.C. y los m??s recientes llegan hasta principios de nuestra era. La lengua ??bera se escribi?? en tres escrituras diferentes: Alfabeto griego, Alfabeto latino y Alfabeto ??bero. Su variante levantina fue descifrada en 1922 por Manuel G??mez-Moreno Mart??nez, mientras que las primeras lecturas correctas del meridional fueron realizadas por Ulrich Schmoll en 1961. La romanizaci??n propici?? que el empleo de la escritura ib??rica fuera desapareciendo junto con una progresiva latinizaci??n.

La comunicaci??n no verbal en la Pen??nsula Ib??rica : an??lisis contrastivo entre Espa??a y Portugal

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 inhibits platelet response to thrombin and von Willebrand factor by regulating the internalization of glycoprotein Ib via AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3/dynamin and integrin αIIbβ3

OBJECTIVE: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) regulates platelet response to multiple agonists. How this immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing receptor inhibits G protein-coupled receptor-mediated thrombin-induced activation of platelets is unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Here, we show that the activation of PECAM-1 inhibits fibrinogen binding to integrin αIIbβ3 and P-selectin surface expression in response to thrombin (0.1-3 U/mL) but not thrombin receptor-activating peptides SFLLRN (3×10(-7)-1×10(-5) mol/L) and GYPGQV (3×10(-6)-1×10(-4) mol/L). We hypothesized a role for PECAM-1 in reducing the tethering of thrombin to glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) on the platelet surface. We show that PECAM-1 signaling regulates the binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled thrombin to the platelet surface and reduces the levels of cell surface GPIbα by promoting its internalization, while concomitantly reducing the binding of platelets to von Willebrand factor under flow in vitro. PECAM-1-mediated internalization of GPIbα was reduced in the presence of both EGTA and cytochalasin D or latrunculin, but not either individually, and was reduced in mice in which tyrosines 747 and 759 of the cytoplasmic tail of β3 integrin were mutated to phenylalanine. Furthermore, PECAM-1 cross-linking led to a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β Ser(9), but interestingly an increase in glycogen synthase kinase-3α pSer(21). PECAM-1-mediated internalization of GPIbα was reduced by inhibitors of dynamin (Dynasore) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (CHIR99021), an effect that was enhanced in the presence of EGTA. CONCLUSIONS: PECAM-1 mediates internalization of GPIbα in platelets through dual AKT/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3/dynamin-dependent and αIIbβ3-dependent mechanisms. These findings expand our understanding of how PECAM-1 regulates nonimmunoreceptor signaling pathways and helps to explains how PECAM-1 regulates thrombosis.

Clinical evaluation of enalapril maleate and furosemide usage in dogs with degenerative myxomatous mitral valve, CHF functional class Ib

A doença degenerativa mixomatosa da válvula mitral (DDMVM) é uma cardiopatia de alta incidência na clínica médica de pequenos animais, acometendo mormente cães idosos e raças de pequeno porte. Desta forma, foi realizada uma investigação científica objetivando avaliar clinicamente a utilização dos fármacos maleato de enalapril e furosemida em cães com a referida enfermidade na classe funcional Ib da ICC, antes e após a terapêutica implantada. Para isso, utilizaram-se 16 cães portadores da valvulopatia supracitada, distribuídos em dois grupos; com o primeiro recebendo furosemida (n=8) e o segundo maleato de enalapril (n=8), durante 56 dias. Os cães foram avaliados em quatro momentos (T0, T14, T28 e T56 dias) quanto aos sinais clínicos e parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímico-séricos, que incluíram concentrações séricas da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA) e aldosterona, como também avaliações radiográficas, eletrocardiográficas, ecodopplercardiográficas e da pressão arterial. Os resultados quanto aos parâmetros clínicos, avaliações hematológicas e bioquímicas séricas não revelaram alterações significativas em ambos os grupos, mas reduções significativas nos valores de ECA e aldosterona no grupo que recebeu o maleato de enalapril foram identificadas. Ao exame radiográfico observou-se reduções nos valores de VHS e na variável onda Pms do eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos, mas sem alterações nos valores da pressão arterial. Por sua vez, o ecodopplercardiograma evidenciou diminuição significativa das variáveis DIVEd/s nos grupos estudados e na FEC% nos cães que receberam somente enalapril. Portanto, a análise dos resultados encontrados indicou que a monoterapia fundamentada no maleato de enalapril apresentou melhor eficiência no controle do quadro clínico em pacientes da classe funcional Ib da ICC.

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, and AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach, in Brazil

Fungi isolated in Brazil, from lettuce, broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato, were identified as Rhizoctonia solani. All lettuce isolates anastomosed with both AG 1-IA and IB subgroups and all isolates from broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato anastomosed with AG 4 subgroup HG-I, as well as with subgroups HG-II and HG-III. DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers showed that isolates from lettuce were AG 1-IB, isolates from tomato and melon were AG 4 HG-I, and isolates from broccoli and spinach were AG 4 HG-III. The tomato isolates caused stem rot symptoms, the spinach, broccoli and melon isolates caused hypocotyl and root rot symptoms on the respective host plants and the lettuce isolates caused bottom rot. This is the first report on the occurrence in Brazil of R. solani AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, of AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach and of AG 1-IB in lettuce.

Association between CD31 expression and histopathologic features in stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between the expression of CD31 in the tumor and the histopathologic findings in patients with carcinoma of the cervix. This study included prospectively 30 women, aged 46.6 +/- 10.7 years, with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix submitted to radical hysterectomy from November 2001 to September 2002. Samples from the tumor were taken and immunohistochemically evaluated by a monoclonal antibody for CD31. Clinicopathologic characteristics such as stage, tumor size, grade of differentiation, lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI), parametrial involvement, and status of pelvic lymph nodes were also recorded. The clinical stage (FIGO) was IB1 in 22 patients (73.3%) and IB2 in 8 patients (26.7%). The expression of CD31 was significantly associated with tumor size and the presence of LVSI, but not with grade of differentiation and vaginal or parametrial involvement (P= 0.03, P= 0.032, P= 0.352, P= 0.208, and P= 0.242, respectively). on univariate analysis, the presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis was influenced by LVSI (P= 0.003) and CD31 expression (P= 0.032). However, on multivariate analysis, the presence of LVSI (P= 0.007) was the only independent predictor of pelvic lymph node metastasis. The CD31 expression in tumor is significantly associated with LVSI and tumor size in patients with early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

Expression of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 in the vaginal margins of radical hysterectomy in patients with stage IB carcinoma of the cervix

Objectives. This study was undertaken to evaluate the expression of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 both in the tumor and in the vaginal margins of radical hysterectomy in patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, as an attempt to use these proteins as possible markers for residual tumor in cervical cancer.Methods. Thirty patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were submitted to radical hysterectomy (study group), and thirty patients with uterine myoma were submitted to vaginal hysterectomy (control group) and were prospectively studied from November 2001 to September 2002. Tissue samples were taken from the tumor or cervix, anterior vaginal margin (AVM), and posterior vaginal margin (PVM) and were immunohistochemically evaluated by monoclonal antibodies for p53, Ki-67, and CD31. Vaginal samples in which the histological examination showed tumor involvement were excluded from the study.Results. Patient's mean age was 48.7 +/- 10.4 years (27-73 years). The clinical stage was IB1 in 22 patients (73.3%) and IB2 in eight patients (26.7%). The expressions of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 were significantly higher in the tumor than in the benign cervix (P < 0.001). Higher expressions of these markers were noted in the vaginal margins of radical hysterectomy in patients with cervical carcinoma compared to the vaginal margins of control patients. This association was demonstrated for p53 in the AVM proximal (P = 0.045), for Ki-67 in AVM proximal (P < 0.001), AVM distal (P < 0.001), PVM proximal (P = 0.009), and PVM distal (P < 0.001), and for CD31 in AVM proximal (P = 0.003) and AVM distal (P = 0.018). There was no difference in p53, Ki-67, and CD31 expression between the proximal and distal regions of the vaginal margins in patients with carcinoma of the cervix.Conclusion. The expressions of p53, Ki-67, and CD31 were significantly higher in both the histologically positive (cervical tumor) and negative (vaginal margins) tissues of patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer compared to the benign control tissues. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Processos biotecnológicos para a detoxificação de resíduos contendo acetonitrila gerados no IB-UNESP

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The first report of the qnrB19, qnrS1 and aac(6 ')-Ib-cr genes in urinary isolates of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in Brazil

In this study, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes among 101 ciprofloxacin-resistant urinary Escherichia coli isolates and searched for mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes in PMQR-carrying isolates. Eight isolates harboured the qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes (3 qnrS1, 1 qnrB19 and 4 aac(6')-Ib-cr). A mutational analysis of the QRDRs in qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr-positive isolates revealed mutations in gyrA, parC and parE that might be associated with high levels of resistance to quinolones. No mutation was detected in gyrB. Rare gyrA, parC and parE mutations were detected outside of the QRDRs. This is the first report of qnrB19, qnrS1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr-carrying E. coli isolates in Brazil.

Localizzazione della topoisomerasi IB sui telomeri di S. cerevisiae e ruolo della sua attività catalitica sulle modificazioni istoniche

Il superavvolgimento del DNA nelle cellule, regolato dalle DNA Topoisomerasi, influenza molti processi biologici, quali la trascrizione, la replicazione, la ricombinazione ed il rimodellamento della cromatina. La DNA Topoisomerasi IB eucariotica, (Top1), è un enzima efficiente nella rimozione dei superavvolgimenti del DNA in vitro e la sua principale funzione cellulare è la rimozione dei superavvolgimenti positivi e negativi generati durante la trascrizione e la replicazione. Risultati recenti hanno fornito evidenze sperimentali del coinvolgimento di Top1 in meccanismi multipli di regolazione dell’espressione genica eucariotica, in particolare nella fase di inizio e maturazione dei trascritti. Tuttavia, le funzioni di Top1 non sono ancora state stabilite a livello globale. Pertanto, nella presente tesi di dottorato abbiamo risposto a questa domanda con l’analisi dei profili di trascrizione genica globale e con studi di immunoprecipitazione della cromatina (ChIP) in cellule di S. cerevisiae. Circa il 9% dei geni sono influenzati da Top1, e l’analisi dei profili di espressione mostra che Top1 wt aumenta l’utilizzo del glucosio e dei pathway per la produzione di energia, con specifica diminuzione della trascrizione dei geni telomerici e subtelomerici. Abbiamo inoltre dimostrato che Top1 wt, ma non il suo mutante inattivo, aumenta la velocità di crescita cellulare nelle cellule di lievito studiate. Le analisi di ChIP mostrano che, in confronto all’assenza dell’enzima, Top1 wt diminuisce l’acetilazione dell’istone H4, compresa quella specifica della lisina 16, nel telomero destro del cromosoma XIV mentre la mutazione che inattiva l’enzima aumenta in maniera marcata l’acetilazione dell’istone H4 e la di-metilazione della lisina 4 dell’istone H3. Top1 wt incrementa anche il reclutamento di Sir3 nelle regioni di confine della cromatina silenziata dello stesso telomero. Studi di immunoprecipitazione indicano che l’enzima interagisce direttamente con la struttura della cromatina telomerica poichè entrambe le proteine, quella wt e quella inattiva, sono localizzate sulle ripetizioni telomeriche dei cromosomi di lievito. Questi risultati dimostrano che Top1, una proteina non essenziale in lievito, ottimizza i livelli globali dei trascritti per una crescita più efficiente di cellule in fase esponenziale. Indagando il meccanismo che è alla base della specifica repressione dei geni telomerici, abbiamo dimostrato che Top1 favorisce delle modifiche posttraduzionali degli istoni che indicano una struttura della cromatina repressa nelle regioni telomeriche.

Cetuximab in combination with chemoradiotherapy before surgery in patients with resectable, locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: a prospective, multicenter phase IB/II Trial (SAKK 75/06)

This multicenter phase IB/II trial investigated cetuximab added to preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer.