943 resultados para Informação - Valor do uso


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O presente trabalho investigou o valor de uma floresta nativa no bioma Mata Atlântica. Para isso, utilizou-se da metodologia de custo de reposição. Além disso, buscou-se explicitar os principais fatores determinantes desse valor, bem como seus impactos. Foram formuladas quatro hipóteses de pesquisa, a saber, i) o nível de degradação da área não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa; ii) relevos mais acidentados das áreas a serem restauradas não influenciam o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa; iii) a distância da área a ser restaurada em relação ao centro urbano mais próximo não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa; e iv) a distância da área a ser restaurada em relação ao viveiro produtor de mudas não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa. Para chegar aos resultados foram realizados testes simples de diferença de médias para as variáveis qualitativas. Os resultados encontrados foram de que pode-se rejeitar a hipótese de que relevos mais acidentados das áreas a serem restauradas não influenciam o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa. No entanto, não se rejeitam as hipóteses de que a distância da área a ser restaurada em relação ao centro urbano mais próximo não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa e de que a distância da área a ser restaurada em relação ao viveiro produtor de mudas não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa. Após essa primeira aproximação, é realizada uma série de regressões, utilizando o modelo clássico de mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO). Fez-se uma análise de sensibilidade dos resultados obtidos. O levantamento de dados foi obtido por meio da realização de uma pesquisa (questionário) a uma série de entidades do setor. Foram testadas as quatro hipóteses. De acordo com os testes realizados, pode-se dizer que a hipótese 2 sobre o impacto de um relevo mais acidentado das áreas a serem restauradas no custo total de reposição da floresta nativa se mostrou não significativa em todos os modelos. No entanto, a hipótese 1 do impacto do nível de degradação sobre o valor do projeto foi rejeitada em todos os modelos. A hipótese 3 do impacto da localização da área em relação ao centro urbano sobre o valor do projeto foi rejeitada em dois modelos e a hipótese 4 de que a distância da área a ser restaurada em relação ao viveiro produtor de mudas não influencia o custo total de reposição da floresta nativa foi rejeitada em um modelo. Chegou-se ao resultado de R$22 mil/hectare para o custo de reposição de uma floresta nativa do bioma Mata Atlântica. Esse tipo de estudo foi contextualizado no desenvolvimento feito pela economia ambiental ao longo do tempo, ressaltando suas principais características. Nas conclusões destaca-se os principais pontos do trabalho e são discutidas uma série de implicações teóricas e gerenciais do presente estudo, bem como apresentadas sugestões para novos estudos nessa área.

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A presente Tese tem por objetivo propor um sistema de inovação permanente para a área do Agronegócio do setor da Horticultura da Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Este trabalho parte da suposição de que existe um potencial não explorado de inovação pelo trabalho atualizável mediante um modelo referencial composto por um conjunto de indutores denominados de INDILABs – Indutores da Inovação Laboral: a tecnologia, a gestão, o processo de cognição e a atitude e ação. A Tecnologia promove mudanças econômicas, políticas e culturais e influencia o trabalho, a vida e o processo de cognição. A Gestão promove a personalização dos indivíduos e desenvolver a criatividade. O Processo de Cognição contribui para articular e harmonizar os sistemas sociais e deve ser centrado nos valores éticos e humanos para que haja equilíbrio entre o ser e o seu valor de uso, enquanto que a Atitude e Ação buscam consolidar os movimentos mais criativos, autônomos, humanos, prazerosos e desafiadores nos espaços coletivos. Discute-se a essencialidade da capacidade de inovação para a continuidade dos sistemas produtivos, sendo considerada uma condição fundamental para a sobrevivência dos negócios, dos empregos, do trabalho e da renda. Relaciona-se o Estado com a inovação, afirmando que além de apoiar o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas, dos indivíduos e da sociedade, ele deve assegurar a continuidade dos sistemas produtivos pela capacidade de inovação por meio e mediante o trabalho. Utilizando procedimentos metodológicos baseados no estruturalismo, buscou-se a estrutura subjacente às práticas dos trabalhos dos agricultores familiares e suas relações com o sistema de apoio ao desenvolvimento da inovação. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa foi realizada com base em entrevistas individuais e em grupos, formais e informais, através de seminário específico e da observação do contexto e exame de documentos. O modelo referencial de inovação proposto visa fundamentar a formulação de políticas públicas nas seguintes áreas: a) Desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo; b) Formação e Capacitação do agricultor e de mão de obra; c) Promover a cooperação e inter-relacionamento institucional; d) Comunicação e difusão; e) Apoio a Comercialização; e f) Atuar em programas de diversificação da Produção.

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Na presente tese o Trabalho Prático (TP) foi analisado procurando-se discernir as suas potencialidades na criação de práticas pedagógicas heterodoxas onde o aluno seja socialmente participativo na construção de conhecimento. A investigação fundamentou-se na metodologia etnográfica, tendo a recolha de dados ocorrido durante o desenvolvimento de TP na disciplina de Biologia do 12ºAno de escolaridade. A análise reflexiva dos dados permitiu compreender as vivências culturais do grupo turma, possibilitando criticar as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas como continuidade ou rutura com o modelo tradicional de ensino. As conclusões apontam para a importância do TP na humanização da ciência e para a necessidade de conjugar diferentes modalidades de TP, vincando a dimensão social, enquanto meio para o desenvolvimento da Literacia Científica dos alunos. Esta implica que o conhecimento seja socialmente construído, envolvendo a partilha e negociação de uma rede comum de significados. Para tal, o trabalho de grupo aparece como matriz de desenvolvimento do TP potenciado pela democratização do acesso à informação possibilitada pelo uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Neste âmbito, a heterogeneidade cultural dos alunos da turma é uma mais valia na prática social e a customização da aprendizagem uma possibilidade, indiciando potencialidades do TP para a criação de práticas pedagógicas incomuns.

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This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development

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This dissertation analyses the Brazilian housing policy of today s, focusing on the programmes in the socalled Social Interest Housing Subsystem in order to discuss to what extent the government has been able to grant housing constitutional rights in the country. The discussion is about housing policy and the principles in the country s Constitution regarding the role of housing as a social right, a right that must be granted by the state. This refers to land rent theory to understand the relationship between capital and property and the reasons why, under capitalism, housing becomes a commodity in the market. Then, it discusses the national housing policy, which emphasizes land ownership through financing, that is, via market, a process that excludes all low income population. In the conclusion, it is clear that, although government programmes cover extensively at least potentially the national territory as well as social group, subsidized housing programmes cannot be implemented in the city due to land prices because subsidy is too low. In this way, the law that grants housing rights to all Brazilian citizens is violated

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In this study we have developed a discussion about academic text production in the undergraduate course of Literature and Languages. Specifically, we are going to analyze the monographic text writing in order to verify the meaning effects created from the ways of showing other s discourses that constitute a written production. As a means to do that, we are going to answer the following question: How does a young researcher make use of a theory in order to be part of a particular scientific community? We aim to: 1) analyze the linguistic resources, like quotations and signs of cohesion that demonstrate the other s voice presence in academic writing; 2) observe the meaning effects produced through the ways that the one who writes shows the other s voice in the written text. Firstly, we have selected 23 (twentythree) monographs produced in the last five years by students from a Literature and Languages undergraduate course in a determined public university. However, in this study, we have analyzed just 02 (two) different monographic texts. To develop such an investigation, we have inquired Kuhn s concept of science, which shows the existence of different meanings of science production in the course of the centuries. It allows us to define academic writing as science production that develops and contributes to knowledge production. With the purpose of restricting the meaning of writing conception, we have relied on Coracini, who assumes that all writing production is the registration of the self, in other words, writing comes from the subject s intervention, it is to say that only an imposition of the self guarantees the subject as author of what he writes. We have as theoretical basis the following concepts: 1-) Authier-Revus s enunciative heterogeneity, that allowed us to analyze the written marks of the other in the monographic writing; 2-) Pêcheux s reformulation-paraphrase and Orlandi s polysemy and paraphrase, concepts that present notions of productivity and creativity as ways of meaning production, and allows us to observe how the process of language production in academic writing is established; 3-) Rossi-Landi s concept of exchange-value and use-value, which consider language as a linguistic work, allowing us to verify the differences between use and social functionality in a determined theory; and 4-) Possenti s notion of authorship indicia, with which we have identified attitudes that make the one who writes author of his own text. We have verified that writing characterized for repetition and reproduction may develop a meaning effect that constructs the idea that writing production promotes an author, a concept or a theory. We have also realized that a written text that restricts itself to reproduce other authors discourses and does not articulate a theory with data analysis or with work methodology, when evaluated is approved and legitimates itself as scientific production. That demonstrates the existence of academic productions that do not develop any functionality of the employed theory. The text works as a means to promote its theoretical concepts, and theory. It is to say that the theoretical foundantion, which usually is a way to argue and sustain scientific production, does not have any function. Thus, we consider that the way someone shows the other s discourse in academic writing may work as a way to underline what the other asserts to the detriment of the researcher s words. This fact allows us to comprehend that a way of writing may evidence a meaning effect of the author s, theory s or theoretical concepts promotion

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This master thesis aimed to investigate how the power relations operating in the tourism social processes, have shaped the urbanization of Ponta Negra district, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The study assumes that the production of space is the result of global phenomena individualized by local forces a process of glocalization. The method used was the case study. It used primary and secondary data and information were treated using the technique of content analysis. The urbanization of Ponta Negra is inserted in the context of global process triggered in the 1970s. The Park of Dunas and Costeira Highway (PD/VC) urbanization project marks the beginning of the Tourisms since 1979. The period in focus was 1979 to 2009. The tourism was dived into four major sections time: tourism in Natal before the Coastal Highway (1939-1979); Project Parque das Dunas / Coastal Highway to the first boom in domestic tourism (1979 - 1990); the internationalization of tourism (1991-2000) and, of first "boom" to "decline" of international tourism (2001-2009). Based on the historical evolution of the tourism were elected three different social processes, able to demonstrate how relations of social forces brought in space act on them and help shape the process of urbanization of the neighborhood in question: The removal of beach hut , the soccer field Botafogo Football Club and the skyscrapers . Finally, it should summarize the research identified interests and conflicts among the actors that form the thrust of spatial transformations: cultural conflicts resulting from the imposition of social practices that differ from the taste of native; clashes between different groups that reflect the duality between use value and exchange value; and interests in land values. In addition, demonstrated that the social relations that involve the production of the area are stimulated by deep-seated societal processes historically and camouflaged by market relations and a modern facade that the city has acquired in recent times; revealed that the actors are linked in networks to increase their influence and that this influence varies mainly according to economic and political power that they or their associates hold

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Amenities value provided by green areas, sea, river and natural landscapes are hardly perceived and incorporated on urban planning and development. In this work, distance and view to protected and non-protected green areas, sea and river were evaluated as to how they increase the housing prices in Natal. Hedonic pricing methods were used with linear models to estimate the marginal implicit value of environmental, residential and neighborhood features. Results on Chapter 1 demonstrate the view to the sea and protected natural areas were largely capitalized on housing prices, while non-protected natural areas didn t display such effect. Housing prices also increase when close to the sea or to parks entrance. However, housing prices fall when houses are near non-protected natural areas. When estates with sea view were excluded, the protected natural areas view and a longer distance to non-protected natural areas increased dwelling prices. Results on Chapter 2 point the sea view as an hedonic variable the contributes strongly to the property selling prices, even though not always as the greatest contributor; furthermore, the property proximity to Dunas Park or City of the Park entrance increases its price, as does closeness to Dunas Park, view to City of the Park or Dunas Park. On the other hand, selling prices diminish if properties are close to City of the Park or Morro do Careca. Results on this study confirm the hedonic pricing methods is an important intrument, capable of revealing to popullation the importance of enviromental amenities and can be used by public managers for creating public policies for conservation and restoration projects

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This paper aims at analyzing the dynamics of informal housing in Mãe Luiza, in the context of real estate valuation of the city of Natal/RN, which, like any other urban center, has problems related to access to urban land, which increasingly more is appreciated due to their scarcity and, consequently, has led to the segregation of urban spaces. Recently, the informal housing market has received special attention by scholars who wish to discuss the production of space and ways of access to urban land and housing, especially for those disadvantaged by the housing policies of the government where these exist. When talking about the housing market, we are automatically referring to concepts or categories intrinsic to the existing mode of production in our society - the capitalism. Thus, the categories: income, value (use and exchange), commodity, capital, profits and capital gains, along with other important concepts as well as land use (urban) and real estate agents are of great relevance to discussion we intend to do within the context of production space

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This dissertation is about low-income rental housing vilas in the South Zone in the city of Natal. Vilas are a string of houses, built privately in an urban plot of land, usually a backyard, facing a narrow street beco. This type of housing is originated in the 19th century in the Brazilian scenario. In Natal, this has become more popular since the late 1960s. This study is aimed at analyzing the urban integration of the vilas, considering that these house a low income population, vis à vis the speedy development of Natal s most economically dynamic area. The study starts with a discussion of the production of space, taking into consideration categories such as use value, exchange value, commodity and land rent. Field work was undertaken through structured interviews with dwellers of vilas in Nova Descoberta and Ponta Negra neighbourhoods. Owners of vilas were also interviewed. Data collected indicated worrisome housing conditions. Vilas, in the areas researched, are increasingly becoming unwelcome, constituting guetos in a place where landscape is changing rapidly. Gentrification is fast under way, first because of rise in rent and taxes; second because of general rise in living costs

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)