Social cognitive theory in technological innovation

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to understand the behavior that Australian youths have towards wireless application protocol (WAP) banking.

Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a quantitative study of the youth market in Australia. Social cognitive theory is utilized to support a conceptual model that is empirically tested.

Findings – The major finding from the research is that the conceptual model is partially supported which indicates the immaturity of WAP technology.

Originality/value – Social cognitive theory provides a useful explanation for youth’s intentions to use WAP technology in the banking industry. The youth market is an early adopter of technology that presents a good indicator of future market potential.

Technological innovations and m-commerce applications

Many technological innovations have occurred within the past decade that have revolutionized the banking industry. The most important has been the Internet and the emergence of mobile-commerce (m-commerce). The aim of this paper is to investigate how Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) banking is being implemented with younger adopters. A conceptual model is developed based on the behavioral intentions younger adopters have on WAP banking that is tested through a survey instrument. Social cognitive theory underpins the conceptual model and helps to explain some of the findings from the study. Suggestions for future research are also espoused.

How bank branches affect customer service quality perceptions.

The Australian banking industry has changed significantly with the introduction of electronic banking technology. This has led to a situation where facilities such as ATM machines and Internet Banking have become increasingly important in the service delivery process. Traditionally, there has been relatively little research into the role facilities play in service satisfaction. There is also little literature about how customers interact with service facilities. This has left banks grappling with facility design and planning issues. This article examines how Australian bank customers interact with local banking facilities by investigating five aspects of the service facility: Access, Atmospherics, Waiting Time, Technology, and Security. Findings suggest that facilities have a significant impact on customer satisfaction levels. Convenient and easy access, security, and a comfortable level of technology were identified by customers as the most important factors influencing their satisfaction levels.

How the financial crisis sundered the dream of the autonomous subject

The article discusses the effect of the 2008 economic meltdown on self-reliance. Banks are noted to have honored credit default swaps and purchase mortgages as collateralized debt obligations (CDO) with the option of buy back at face value. Also discussed are the Wall Street Bailout, the Australian banking system and the overseas debt of Australia.

Análise da supervisão bancária no Brasil

Este projeto insere-se em uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre a supervisão bancária em alguns países da América Latina, realizada por solicitação do Banco Mundial. Tomando como referência o marco conceitual do projeto original, o trabalho descreve a situação atual da supervisão bancária no Brasil, mencionando, entre outros, os seguintes pontos: padrões de organização e propriedade da industria bancária no país, restrições legais e regulamentares para a aquisição e propriedade de bancos, exigências de capital mínimo, organização da supervisão bancária, políticas e práticas de supervisão. O trabalho encerra com algumas sugestões para o aperfeiçoamento das práticas de supervisão bancária no Brasil.

Análise comparada da percepção de competitividade em bancos estatais e privados

O ambiente bancário brasileiro vem se mostrando, desde 1986, uma área atraente para estudos de estratégia empresarial, seja pela dinâmica que o setor assumiu diante das necessidades de uma economia fortemente globalizada, seja pelos impactos de tecnologias revolucionárias que vêm modificando rapidamente as fronteiras do negócio bancário. Este contexto foi tomado como referência para a comparação entre tecnoestrutura de bancos estatais e privados, tendo por base a percepção destes segmentos quanto à competitividade neste setor. São analisadas as diversas compreensões sobre o conceito de competitividade, de forma geral e especificamente na indústria bancária, e proposto um modelo referencial para sua utilização.

Consolidação bancária e a performance dos bancos pequenos no Brasil

A indústria bancária brasileira foi transformada nas últimas décadas em meio a um fenômeno conhecido como consolidação, que marca uma concentração do mercado em poucas instituições. O objetivo do trabalho é testar empiricamente quais as causas desse processo no Brasil. As duas hipóteses testadas foram formuladas por Berger, Dick et al. (2007): a hipótese da eficiência indica que avanços tecnológicos melhoram a competitividade dos grandes em relação aos pequenos. Deste modo, os resultados dos pequenos são sacrificados por esse fator. Por outro lado, a hipótese da arrogância afirma que os administradores realizam fusões e aquisições pelos maiores bônus dos grandes conglomerados, mas as deseconomias de escala são superiores aos ganhos competitivos da tecnologia e, com o tempo, os pequenos passam a competir em vantagem. Modelos de dados em painel foram utilizados para testar se houve pressões competitivas durante o processo de consolidação. A conclusão foi de que a hipótese da eficiência explica melhor empiricamente o fenômeno brasileiro, assim como o norte-americano. A pressão para diminuição de receitas financeiras foi o fator determinante para que os bancos pequenos sofressem efeitos deletérios com o aumento do peso dos grandes na indústria.

Os determinantes macroeconômicos do spread bancário para pessoas físicas e jurídicas no Brasil: uma análise do período pós plano real

Este trabalho tem por objetivo a análise empírica dos fatores macroeconômicos que determinaram os níveis de spread bancário para pessoas físicas e pessoas jurídicas no Brasil no período pós-adoção do Plano Real até dezembro de 2012. Para isso foi utilizado um modelo de auto regressão vetorial com variáveis representativas de fatores macroeconômicos. O Trabalho expõe ainda algumas características da indústria bancária no Brasil e as particularidades do mercado de crédito praticado para pessoas físicas e pessoas jurídicas. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciaram que: (i) a taxa básica de juros foi o principal fator macroeconômico de influência do spread praticado tanto para pessoas físicas quanto para pessoas jurídicas; (ii) Enquanto um impacto no nível de inflação ocasionou maior influência no spread para pessoas físicas, um impacto na volatilidade da taxa básica de juros influenciou positivamente o spread para pessoas jurídicas.

O Trabalho e o labirinto da responsabilidade socioempresarial:a experiência da cidadania empresarial do Banco do Brasil

In the current systemic crisis, economic policy is directed to correct the consequences of the functioning of this metabolism, but within the limits of the capital. From this perspective, decision makers propose trade policies, agricultural and industrial to ensure conditions for economic growth. However, as a dead end, there is failure of the State in giving efficacy to the operation of all segments of the economy, especially given the budget constraint. Public managers are forced to seek external resources, resuming the cycle of political allegiance to the interests of international financial and banking representatives, installed in so-called multilateral. The complex ideological capital comes into play in trying to convince society that the paths taken by governments are inevitable, and that capitalism can be "humanized", even with the realization of the growing inequalities caused by historical irrationalism of the production process of capital . In this sense, emerging concepts that attempt to demonstrate the compatibility of the system to real human needs. This ideological offensive is intended to legitimize the capital. The so-called third sector has a special highlight with the concept of corporate social responsibility. It creates a political environment in which the inevitable mix-up with new illusions offered by and often funding the metabolism of capital in order to perpetuate this system. In this context, political elites, and considerable portions of the academy, embark on "waves of capitalist optimism," while the sociometabolismo capital expands its historical limits, driving forces postponing their collapse, but that cause human suffering and ecological stress. Wars are disseminated to strengthen the deadly war industry and the automobile industry; and devastating the environment of which depends the capital system. In this scenario disassemble, propositions emerge around a "new social pact" in order to minimize the adverse effects of the dynamics of reproduction of capital. The business class is called to exercise its role through the discourse that appeals to social responsibility programs, in order to intervene directly in the "social question". The core of this research is precisely this point. Although there is considerable scholarship on the phenomenon of Social Responsibility and Corporate Citizenship, there is also an evident lack of this approach focused on the banking sector in Brazil. The importance of rentier capital increased ownership of shares in the wealth produced by all of Brazilian society, justifies a sociological research project on Social Responsibility in the domestic financial sector. In this sense, it was decided to perform a dynamic approach to the "Corporate Citizenship" in the banking industry, specifically in the Bank of Brazil. As this is a key institution, is important analyze of the impacts of this strategy fetish of capitalist reproduction, in order to evaluate the social legitimization of rentier capital in Brazil. In this scenario of the abundance of the discourse on social responsibility there exist a progressive impoverishment of professional work in this segment in Brazil. There is a dramatic mismatch between rhetoric and practice because of the trend of deepening vulnerability of the working conditions of the Brazilian bank worker, from the 1990's. In the specific case of the Bank of Brazil, the first initiative of the institution was to conform to the principles of the UNO and the Ethos Institute, aiming to align their domestic policies to this new strategy of domination of capital. The purpose is to place the Bank in the ideological sphere of corporate social responsibility, just as with its partners in the private financial intercapitalist competition. Indeed, in the internal ambit of the Bank of Brazil, there is a policy to adjust its functional segments to the doctrine of Social Corporate Responsibility. The concepts of this doctrine is presented as something inexorable. There are no alternatives. The Bank of Brazil operates in a highly competitive market, the segment featuring the dominance of financial capital accumulation today. For this reason it can not fail to incorporate the technological advances organizational. For employees there is no alternative but to adapt to this new set of ideas proposed by the metabolism of capital

Income inequality and credit markets

Includes bibliography

Competencia y regulación en el sector de la banca en Guatemala

Incluye Bibliografía

Bank Performance: Market Power or Efficient Structure?

Regulatory change not seen since the Great Depression swept the U.S. banking industry beginning in the early 1980s, culminating with the Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994. Significant consolidations have occurred in the banking industry. This paper considers the market-power versus the efficient-structure theories of the positive correlation between banking concentration and performance on a state-by-state basis. Temporal causality tests imply that bank concentration leads bank profitability, supporting the market-power, rather than the efficient-structure, theory of that positive correlation. Our finding suggests that bank regulators, by focusing on local banking markets, missed the initial stages of an important structural change at the state level.

The Production Technology of Philippine Domestic Banks in the Pre-Asian Crisis Periods: Estimation of Cost Function in the 1990-96 Period

This is to analyzes the operational behavior and technical progress among Philippine domestic banks, using micro-level data on individual banks. First, we summarize their major business activities and gain insight on how the structure is changing. Then, we formally estimate the cost function of Philippine domestic banks using panel data covering a seven-year period (1990-96). The presence of economies of scale and economies of scope is investigated and technical progress in the banking industry is measured. In addition, the results of analysis for the Philippines are compared with those of similar studies on Thailand conducted by the author previously.

Metodología para medir los efectos de la aplicación de estándares sobre la industria de los medios de pagos en el mercado chileno

Cada vez juegan un rol más relevante en nuestra vida las tecnologías de información, desde nuestros hogares hasta las empresas y gobiernos acceden a grandes volúmenes de datos e información, las comunicaciones ya no tienen impedimentos de distancias, un comprador y un vendedor puede estar en cualquier lugar, un producto que es adquirido en un comercio en Santiago a través de un medio de pago (tarjeta de crédito) en menos de un segundo la transacción va desde Chile a solicitar autorización en Singapur para ser aprobada. En la sociedad tanto oferentes como demandantes cuentan con información disponible en línea para la toma de decisiones. Existe una mayor apertura e integración económica iniciada con las redes comerciales, donde existen enfoques regionales y multilateral, que han impulsado la apertura del comercio y la integración económica. Son múltiples los tratados de libre comercio que apoyan al desarrollo económico, donde las crisis mundiales han afectado tanto las economías como el transporte, considerando que en el comercio internacional cerca del 90% se desarrolla a través de los puertos, es importante identificar relaciones entre el desarrollo de los medios de pago y el comercio electrónico a través de los puertos. Nuestra investigación busca integrar tanto aspectos de investigación científica como como investigación aplicada, de modo que sea un aporte al día a día de empresas en el sector de los medios de pago en Chile y quienes diseñan y definen la aplicación de normas y estándares. Esta tesis plantea una metodológica para analizar las relaciones entre la aplicación de estándares y sus efectos en la industria de los medios de pago en Chile. Este trabajo de investigación nos permitirá identificar entorno, variables que intervienen y evolución del mercado de los medios de pago, a través de un relevamiento del estado del arte de los medios de Pago en la industria Bancaria chilena. Buscaremos en el mercado de los medios de pago en la industria Chilena - sector Bancario, relaciones entre la aplicación de estándares y sus efectos en los volúmenes transaccionales, analizaremos las tendencias de los medios de pago y el desarrollo comercial del Puerto de Valparaíso. Se busca a través de esta metodológica poder mejorar la toma de decisiones en la industria de los medios de pago en Chile con una mejor gestión y uso de recursos. Every day information technology plays a greater role in our lives, from our homes to businesses, to how governments access large volumes of data and information. Communication is no longer hindered by distances, as a buyer and seller can be anywhere. A product that is purchased in a shop in Santiago through a payment option (credit card) in less than a second, a transaction will request authorization from Chile to Singapore to be approved. In this society both buyers and sellers have access to online information that is available for decision making. There is greater openness and economic integration that has begun within the commercial networks, in which there are regional and multilateral approaches that has helped expand trade and economic integration. Likewise, there are numerous free trade agreements that support economic development; however, the global crisis has affected economies like transportation. In regards to international commerce about 90% is developed through the ports, considering that the former is important to identify the relationships between the development of the payment options and e-commerce at the ports. Our research aims to integrate both the scientific research and applied research aspects, so that this will be a contribution to the day to day business for the payment options in Chile, and for those who design and define the application of norms and standards. This thesis offers a methodology to analyze the relationships between the application of standards and its affects in the industry of payment options in Chile. This research will allow us to identify the environmental variables that intervene and evolve the market of the payment options, through the analysis of the state of the art in the payment options in the Chilean Banking industry. In the market of the payment industry options we have looked specifically at the Chilean Banking industry and the relationship between the application of standards and their impact on transaction volumes. In addition, there has been an analysis of the activity of the payment options and wire transfers in the maritime industry in Valparaíso in order to define the feasibility of a model that allows us to relate these effects in these markets and the application of standards. We have searched the Chilean banking industry for the relationships between the application of standards and its effect on transaction volumes, in order to analyze the trends in the payment options and the commercial development at the Port of Valparaiso. Therefore, through the use of this methodology we look to be able to make better decisions in the payment options industry in Chile, with better management and use of the resources.

International For-Profit Investments in Microfinance Institutions Equity

Purpose: The purpose of this document is to review the funding options for Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), define the size of the holdings of international investors in MFI equity and in particular the MFIs listed in stock exchanges, analyze the characteristics of these subset of the financial world and study the stock exchange evolution of some listed MFIs amid the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Since academic literature on listed MFI equity is virtually inexistent, most of the information has been obtained from the World Bank, annual accounts of the listed MFIs, stock exchanges and from equity research documents. Findings and Originality/value: Microfinance Institutions share several common characteristics that make them a resilient business and the few MFIs that are listed in stock exchanges seem to have performed better in the financial crisis. Microfinance can be considered as one of the new frontiers of the expansion of the global banking industry. Practical implications: Presently, international for-profit investors have very few ways of investing in microfinance equity. Most of the equity of the MFI equity is funded locally or thanks to the local public sector. The stock exchange listing of the MFIs should drive MFIs towards a more professional management, more transparency and better governance. Social implications: Microfinance Institutions provide credit to microenterprises in poor countries that have no other alternative sources of external capital to expand its activity. If global investors could easily invest in the listed equity of the MFIs these institutions would expand its lending books and would improve its governance, part of the population living in poor areas or with lower income could ameliorate its standard of living. Originality/value: The number of Microfinance Institutions that are professionally run like commercial banks is still scarce and even more scarce are the MFI listed in public stock exchanges. Therefore the published literature on the characteristics and performance of the listed equity of the Microfinance Institutions is extremely reduced. But microfinance assets are rapidly growing and MFIs will need to list their equity in stock exchanges to sustain this expansion.