950 resultados para ANOREXIA NERVIOSA - INVESTIGACIONES


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Some animals change their feeding behaviour when infected with parasites, seeking out substances that enhance their ability to overcome infection. This 'self-medication' is typically considered to involve the consumption of toxins, minerals or secondary compounds. However, recent studies have shown that macronutrients can influence the immune response and that pathogen-challenged individuals can self-medicate by choosing a diet rich in protein and low in carbohydrates. Infected individuals might also reduce food intake when infected (i.e. illness-induced anorexia). Here, we examine macronutrient self-medication and illness-induced anorexia in caterpillars of the African armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) by asking how individuals change their feeding decisions over the time course of infection with a baculovirus. We measured self-medication behaviour across several full-sib families to evaluate the plasticity of diet choice and underlying genetic variation. Larvae restricted to diets high in protein (P) and low in carbohydrate (C) were more likely to survive a virus challenge than those restricted to diets with a low P : C ratio. When allowed free choice, virus-challenged individuals chose a higher protein diet than controls. Individuals challenged with either a lethal or sublethal dose of virus increased the P : C ratio of their chosen diets. This was mostly due to a sharp decline in carbohydrate intake, rather than an increased intake of protein, reducing overall food intake, consistent with an illness-induced anorexic response. Over time the P : C ratio of the diet decreased until it matched that of controls. Our study provides the clearest evidence yet for dietary self-medication using macronutrients and shows that the temporal dynamics of feeding behaviour depends on the severity and stage of the infection. The strikingly similar behaviour shown by different families suggests that self-medication is phenotypically plastic and not a consequence of genetically based differences in diet choice between families. © 2013 British Ecological Society.

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.

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Examina las relaciones de los efectos de la población de aves guaneras y la pesquería comercial sobre la abundancia y cosecha total sostenible de la anchoveta. Ademas estudia las relaciones promedios entre esfuerzo pesquero, abundancia de la población y cosecha total aprovechando de un modelo generalizado de productividad de poblaciones de peces, afín de proporcionar algunas bases adicionales para decidir si algún otro modelo es más apropiado en este caso que la logística de Verhulst - Pearl.

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Ofrece una revisión de los trabajos generados en más de tres décadas sobre la investigación del ictoplancton y el zooplancton en aguas peruanas. Asimismo, se detallan las necesidades y expectativas surgidas de la inquietud por el estudio de estos elementos fundamentales para la vida en el mar.

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Comprende el resumen de varios trabajos de investigación de ballenas del Pacífico sureste, especialmente de la ballena cachalote Physeter catodon L., especie intensamente cazada e industrializada en las décadas de los años 1960 a 1980 en Chile y Perú. La investigación ballenera en esta zona empezó en 1958 con la preparación de biólogos en los dos países, quienes colectaron el material que luego fue analizado y dio las bases científicas para una caza conservacionista.

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Indica los acondicionamiento al BIC SNP-1 para la pesca del calamar y los resultados obtenidos entre la zona de Chicama hasta Pto. Pizarro, en octubre y noviembre de 1995. Asimismo, presenta los resultados de la aplicación del método de captura con máquinas calamareras, sistema de luces y sistema de anclaje y de los muestreos oceanográficos, acústicos y biológicos-pesqueros.

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analiza las características oceanográficas del mar de la región Tumbes en relación con el resto del mar peruano.

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Banco del conocimiento

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Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Nutrición Comunitaria) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Areas Específicas en Valuación Inmobiliaria) U.A.N.L.

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UANL