AS TRÊS IMAGENS DE LULA - OS POSICIONAMENTOS DAS REVISTAS CARTACAPITAL, PRIMEIRA LEITURA E VEJA NAS ELEIÇÕES PARA PRESIDENTE EM 2002.

As três imagens de Lula - Os posicionamentos das revistas CartaCapital, Primeira Leitura e Veja nas eleições para presidente em 2002. O tema proposto por este projeto de mestrado é selecionado pela sua relevância social: uma reflexão sobre o papel da imprensa na democracia através de análises de revistas no período que antecedeu as últimas eleições para presidente em 2002. Os objetos de análise são periódicos que atingem segmentos importantes da sociedade brasileira: as revistas CartaCapital (de setembro a novembro), Primeira Leitura (de agosto a novembro) e Veja (de setembro a novembro). O assunto definido para a análise é a construção da imagem apresentada do candidato Luís Inácio Lula da Silva, ou seja, de que maneira essas revistas trataram em suas linhas editoriais da figura do presidenciável em questão.(AU)

Constituição da baseline para projectos de carbono no Parque Natural da Cufada no âmbito do mecanismo REDD+

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais

Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Device Effectiveness in Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Treatment in Obese Women

Objective:We aimed to identify if there was any difference in Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) efficacy or weight gain when used in heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) treatment, between obese and non-obese women. Population and methods: This was a case-controlled retrospective study undertaken between 2002-2007. 194 women with HMB were treated with LNG-IUS and stratified into two groups accordingly with body mass index (BMI): Obese Group – BMI ≥ 30 (n=53) and Non-obese Group – BMI < 30 (n=141). Age, weight, days of spotting and days of menses were analyzed at 1, 3 and 6 months after insertion and then annually until 2 years. Analytic parameters of anemia (hemoglobin, serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume) were reviewed at pre-insertion, at 6 months and then annually until 2 years. Results: During the 2-year follow-up there was a similar improvement in two groups regarding duration of menses, spotting and in analytic parameters of anemia. A statistically significant improvement was observed in obese group after 2 years of treatment regarding analytic parameters of anemia and menstrual characteristics, without weight gain. Conclusion: In obese women, the LNG-IUS is an effective treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding, without being associated to weight gain.

Long-Term Trends of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Prevalence among Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Switzerland.

Background. Accurate quantification of the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance in patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) is difficult, and results from previous studies vary. We attempted to assess the prevalence and dynamics of resistance in a highly representative patient cohort from Switzerland. Methods. On the basis of genotypic resistance test results and clinical data, we grouped patients according to their risk of harboring resistant viruses. Estimates of resistance prevalence were calculated on the basis of either the proportion of individuals with a virologic failure or confirmed drug resistance (lower estimate) or the frequency-weighted average of risk group-specific probabilities for the presence of drug resistance mutations (upper estimate). Results. Lower and upper estimates of drug resistance prevalence in 8064 ART-exposed patients were 50% and 57% in 1999 and 37% and 45% in 2007, respectively. This decrease was driven by 2 mechanisms: loss to follow-up or death of high-risk patients exposed to mono- or dual-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor therapy (lower estimates range from 72% to 75%) and continued enrollment of low-risk patients who were taking combination ART containing boosted protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors as first-line therapy (lower estimates range from 7% to 12%). A subset of 4184 participants (52%) had 1 study visit per year during 2002-2007. In this subset, lower and upper estimates increased from 45% to 49% and from 52% to 55%, respectively. Yearly increases in prevalence were becoming smaller in later years. Conclusions. Contrary to earlier predictions, in situations of free access to drugs, close monitoring, and rapid introduction of new potent therapies, the emergence of drug-resistant viruses can be minimized at the population level. Moreover, this study demonstrates the necessity of interpreting time trends in the context of evolving cohort populations.

Hospital admission rates for alcoholic intoxication after policy changes in the canton of Geneva, Switzerland.

Background: In February, 2005, the canton of Geneva in Switzerland prohibited the off-premise sale of alcoholic beverages between 9pm and 7am, and banned their sale in gas stations and video stores. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of this policy change on hospital admission rates for alcoholic intoxication.Methods: An interrupted time series analysis of this natural experiment was performed with data on hospitalisations for acute alcoholic intoxication during the 2002-2007 period. The canton of Geneva was treated as the experimental group, while all other Swiss cantons were used as the control group.Results: In the experimental site, the policy change was found to have a significant effect on admission rates among adolescents and young adults. Depending on the age group, hospitalisation rates for alcoholic intoxication fell by an estimated 25-40% as the result of restricted alcohol availability.Conclusions: Modest restrictions on opening hours and the density of off-premise outlets were found to be of relevance for public health in the canton of Geneva. In light of this finding, policy makers should consider such action as a promising approach to alcohol prevention. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Epidemiology of fungal infections in liver transplant recipients: a six-year study of a large Brazilian liver transplantation centre

Liver transplant seems to be an effective option to prolong survival in patients with end-stage liver disease, although it still can be followed by serious complications. Invasive fungal infections (ifi) are related to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of fungal infections in Brazilian liver transplant recipients is unknown. The aim of this observational and retrospective study was to determine the incidence and epidemiology of fungal infections in all patients who underwent liver transplantation at Albert Einstein Israeli Hospital between 2002-2007. A total of 596 liver transplants were performed in 540 patients. Overall, 77 fungal infections occurred in 68 (13%) patients. Among the 77 fungal infections, there were 40 IFI that occurred in 37 patients (7%). Candida and Aspergillus species were the most common etiologic agents. Candida species accounted for 82% of all fungal infections and for 67% of all IFI, while Aspergillus species accounted for 9% of all fungal infections and for 17% of all IFI. Non-albicans Candida species were the predominant Candida isolates. Invasive aspergillosis tended to occur earlier in the post-transplant period. These findings can contribute to improve antifungal prophylaxis and therapy practices in Brazilian centres.

Discrimination in Bankruptcy Situations

In a bankruptcy situation, not all claimants are affected in the same way. In particular, some depositors may enter into a situation of personal bankruptcy if they lose part of their investments. Events of this kind may lead to a social catastrophe. We propose discrimination among the claimants as a possible solution. A fact considered in the American bankruptcy law (among others) that establishes some discrimination on the claimants, or the Santander Bank that in the Madoff’s case reimbursed only the deposits to its particular customers. Moreover, the necessity of discriminating has already been mentioned in different contexts by Young (1988), Bossert (1995), Thomson (2003) and Pulido et al. (2002, 2007), for instance. In this paper, we take a bankruptcy solution as the reference point. Given this initial allocation, we make transfers from richer to poorer with the purpose of distributing not only the personal incurred losses as evenly as possible but also the transfers in a progressive way. The agents are divided into two groups depending on their personal monetary value (wealth, net-income, GDP or any other characteristic). Then, we impose a set of Axioms that bound the maximal transfer that each net-contributor can make and each net-receiver can obtain. Finally, we define a value discriminant solution, and we characterize it by means of the Lorenz criterion. Endogenous convex combinations between solutions are also considered. Keywords: Bankruptcy, Discrimination, Compensation, Rules JEL classification: C71, D63, D71.

Hyperferritinémie associée au syndrome métabolique: une nouvelle cible thérapeutique [Dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia: a new target for treatment?].

Dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia is currently the most frequent cause of elevated ferritin levels in the general population. Whether dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia is a cause or an effect of insulin resistance is still a matter of debate. Still, several findings have been well established: increased iron intake or elevated ferritin levels are individual risk factors for diabetes, metabolic syndrome or gestational diabetes. When in presence of dysmetabolic hyperferritinemia, a small number of randomized controlled trials have suggested that therapeutic measures aimed at reducing ferritin levels such as low red meat consumption, deferoxamin or therapeutic phlebotomies have shown a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and impaired hepatic markers observed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Kvantitatiivisen osakepisteytysmallin testaaminen Euroopan markkinoilla

Tutkielman tavoitteena on testata kvantitatiivisen osakepisteytysmallin tehokkuutta Euroopan osakemarkkinoilla. Osakepisteytysmalli järjestää osakkeet paremmuusjärjestykseen yrityskohtaisten tunnuslukujen avulla. Pisteytysmallin suositusten mukaan luodaan testisalkku ajanjaksolta 2002 2007. Testisalkun tuottoa mitataan pääomahyödykkeiden hinnoittelumallin sekä Faman ja Frenchin kolmen faktorin mallin avulla. Testisalkkua testataan markkina arvopainoisena sekä tasapainoisena. Tasapainoisessa salkussa jokaista osaketta painotetaan yhtäläisesti. Testisalkun rinnalle luodaan lisäksi vertailusalkku satunnaisista osakkeista. Tasapainotettu testisalkku tuotti tarkasteluajanjaksolla tilastollisesti merkitsevää markkinariskikorjattua ylituottoa 0,7 prosenttia kuukaudessa. Kolmen faktorin mallin avulla laskettu ylituotto ei ollut merkitsevä. Yrityskokofaktori sekä markkinatuotto näyttivät selittävän vahvasti testisalkun tuottoja. Yrityskoon vaikutus näkyi myös markkina arvopainotetussa salkussa, jonka tuotto ei päihittänyt markkinatuottoa. Vertailusalkku ei tuottanut tilastollisesti merkitsevää ylituottoa.

Tietokannan hyödyntäminen eri ohjelmistoilla,case:meriturvallisuuden parantaminen

Tietokantojen käyttö turvallisuuden parantamisessa auttaa löytämään kohteet, joissa turvallisuusriskejä olisi minimoitava. Tämän työn tarkoituksena on vertailla eri ohjelmistojen soveltuvuutta turvallisuustietokannan luomiseen ja turvallisuuden parantamiseen tietokannan kautta. Työssä käytetyt ohjelmat ovat Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel ja Lappeenrannan teknillisessä yliopistossa kehitetty NeXtCASE. Tietokantojen vertailua tehdään tutkimalla erään laivanvarustamon rahtilaivoille tapahtuneita onnettomuuksia, jotka ovat tapahtuneet vuosien 2002-2007 välisenä aikana. Työssä tutkitaan myös 80/20-periaatteen ja Juranin teorian soveltumista turvallisuuden parantamiseen työssä esitettävän tietokannan avulla. Lopuksi tehdään muutamia mielenkiintoisia havaintoja kyseisille rahtialuksille tapahtuneista onnettomuuksista. Ohjelmistojen vertailun tuloksena voidaan todeta, että Microsoft Excel soveltuu turvallisuustietokannan kirjoittamiseen parhaiten. Teorioista parhaiten turvallisuuden parantamiseen käy tässä tapauksessa Juranin teoria.

Indicadores da escolha de pediatria por graduandos da universidade de Brasília: estudo longitudinal em série histórica

Os autores analisaram a escolha de residência médica em Pediatria dentre 877 egressos do curso de Medicina da Universidade de Brasília, formados no período 1994-2007. Os dados abrangeram descritores demográficos e de aprendizagem, preferência inicial por carreira, monitoria, rendimento acadêmico, estágio seletivo no internato e inscrição para residência médica. Efetuaram-se análises de contingência e de regressão logística agrupando-se os egressos por escolha de Pediatria ou não. Do total, 9,7% escolheram Pediatria, dentre os quais 44,7% mostraram atração inicial e 45,9% expressaram interesse pela área já na fase clínica. No período 2002-2007, houve declínio significante da escolha, em conexão com menor procura por monitoria e estágio seletivo na área, mas sem tendência temporal na atração inicial. A regressão logística identificou cinco fatores preditivos, nesta ordem decrescente de magnitude de efeito na escolha: estágio seletivo, rendimento global, estilo de aprendizagem reflexivo, ordem de preferência inicial e época da graduação. Os efeitos independentes de sexo e monitoria não foram significantes. Concluindo, os fatores preditivos da escolha de Pediatria incluíram indicadores pessoais e curriculares em vertentes distintas de interesse e influência, num quadro de queda recente da opção pela área.

Railways, Airports and Sea Container Operators as Publicly Listed Companies – Financial Performance and Shareholder Value Creation Perspective

Logistics infrastructure and transportation services have been the liability of countries and governments for decades, or these have been under strict regulation policies. One of the first branches opened for competition in EU as well as in other continents, has been air transports (operators, like passenger and freight) and road transports. These have resulted on lower costs, better connectivity and in most of the cases higher service quality. However, quite large amount of other logistics related activities are still directly (or indirectly) under governmental influence, e.g. railway infrastructure, road infrastructure, railway operations, airports, and sea ports. Due to the globalization, governmental influence is not that necessary in this sector, since transportation needs have increased with much more significant phase as compared to economic growth. Also freight transportation needs do not correlate with passenger side, due to the reason that only small number of areas in the world have specialized in the production of particular goods. Therefore, in number of cases public-private partnership, or even privately owned companies operating in these sub-branches have been identified as beneficial for countries, customers and further economic growth. The objective of this research work is to shed more light on these kinds of experiments, especially in the relatively unknown sub-branches of logistics like railways, airports and sea container transports. In this research work we have selected companies having public listed status in some stock exchange, and have needed amount of financial scale to be considered as serious company rather than start-up phase venture. Our research results show that railways and airports usually need high fixed investments, but have showed in the last five years generally good financial performance, both in terms of profitability and cash flow. In contrary to common belief of prosperity in globally growing container transports, sea vessel operators of containers have not shown that impressive financial performance. Generally margins in this business are thin, and profitability has been sacrificed in front of high growth – this also concerns cash flow performance, which has been lower too. However, as we examine these three logistics sub-branches through shareholder value development angle during time period of 2002-2007, we were surprised to find out that all of these three have outperformed general stock market indexes in this period. More surprising is the result that financially a bit less performing sea container transportation sector shows highest shareholder value gain in the examination period. Thus, it should be remembered that provided analysis shows only limited picture, since e.g. dividends were not taken into consideration in this research work. Therefore, e.g. US railway operators have disadvantage to other in the analysis, since they have been able to provide dividends for shareholders in long period of time. Based on this research work we argue that investment on transportation/logistics sector seems to be safe alternative, which yields with relatively low risk high gain. Although global economy would face smaller growth period, this sector seems to provide opportunities in more demanding situation as well.

Desafíos del sector financiero colombiano ante la crisis económica mundial

Gestión del Conocimiento

Analyse des tendances et configurations de la criminalité au Québec à l’aide d’un indice de gravité de la criminalité

La mesure traditionnelle de la criminalité (taux pour 100 000 habitants) pose problème dans l'analyse des variations de la criminalité dans le temps ou l'espace. Le problème est dû au fait que le taux de criminalité est essentiellement déterminé par des infractions moins graves et très fréquentes. La présente étude a permis de tester l’utilité du nouvel outil développé par Statistique Canada qui procure un index de « gravité de la criminalité » dans lequel chaque crime est pondéré par son score de gravité (basé sur les décisions sentencielles moyennes au Canada de 2002 à 2007 pour chaque forme de crime). Appliquées aux statistiques officielles du Québec de 1977 à 2008, nos analyses montrent que l’indice de gravité s’avère une mesure utile pour dresser un portrait plus juste des tendances des crimes violents d’une année à l’autre. Plus exactement, l’indice de gravité montre que le taux de crimes violents est demeuré stable de 1977 à 1992 contrairement à l'image fournie par le taux traditionnel qui montre plutôt une montée fulgurante durant cette période. L’indice de gravité peut également être utile à l’égard des crimes violents pour comparer plus adéquatement les territoires entre eux afin d’établir ceux qui présentent une criminalité plus grave. Cependant, à l’égard de la criminalité globale et des crimes sans violence, l’indice de gravité n’est d’aucune utilité et présente la même lecture de la criminalité que la mesure traditionnelle. Cela s’explique par le fait que ce sont toujours les mêmes infractions (les vols, les méfaits et les introductions par effraction) qui contribuent majoritairement à chacune des deux mesures de la criminalité.

Guía Didáctica del Cabezo Gordo.

Incluye un cuaderno de trabajo para el alumno.- El Cabezo Gordo es un Espacio Natural Protegido de propiedad privada. Por motivos de seguridad se ha restringido el acceso ya que existen lugares que pueden resultar peligrosos (minas abandonadas, pozos, etc.). Con las debidas autorizaciones de los propietarios se pueden realizar visitas para actividades concretas de Educación Ambiental o investigación.