Delimitation of the Right to Life by Healthcare Professionals: Up to what point should the right to life be protected?

This article explores the medical care standard required by law for terminally illpatients and the possibility of limiting therapeutic efforts while respecting the duediligence expected from doctors. To this end, circumstances are identified in whichthe doctor is forced to choose between two possible actions: to guarantee the right tolife by continuing treatment, or to limit the right to healthcare by limiting therapeuticefforts. Two cases taken from English Common Law were reviewed that decided onthe factual problem at hand. In our country, the Constitutional Court established aline of jurisprudence on the role of the doctor in deciding whether or not to continuetreatment for a terminally ill person. Lastly, jurisprudence precedents are presentedalong with a comparative analysis of the solutions given in Great Britain andin Colombia.

Fundamental Right to Freedom of Conscience without Objection? Some Notes for its Recognition as a Fundamental Guarantee

Conscientious objection is defined as the ability to depart from statutory mandates because of intimate convictions based on ethical or religious convictions. A discussion of this issue presents the conflict between the idea of a State concerned with the promotion of individual rights or the protection of general interests and an idea of law based on the maintenance of order and against a view of the law as a means to claim the protection of minimum conditions of the person. From this conflict is drawn the possibility to argue whether conscientious objection should be guaranteed as a fundamental right of freedom of conscience or as a statutory authority legislatively conferred upon persons. This paper sets out a discussion around the two views so as to develop a position that is more consistent with the context of social and constitutional law.

Socioterritorials forms of appropiation of living and right to the differencial space

The aim of this work is to recover Henri Lefèbvre's methodological contributions for (re)thinking the right to the city, based on the need to know the appropriation of space´s dialectical triad. Empirically, it refers to the urban genesis of Mar del Plata (Argentina), an intermediate Latin American city, and its heterogeneous socio-territorial forms of appropriating inhabitance, or different forms of appropriating goods of use, that lead to think about opening to the transformation of the capitalist social order, and of its urban order, naturalized after the fetischism of private property.

Creative teaching : getting it right.

Recurso para asesorar a los profesores cómo pueden hacer el aprendizaje más fácil y agradable para sus alumnos. Incluye ideas, ejercicios de autoevaluación y estrategias para mejorar la adaptación tanto en el aula como en toda la escuela.

Dying for the vote : how ordinary people won the right to vote.

Estudia los movimientos sociales para conquistar y extender el derecho al voto entre todos los hombres y mujeres, denominados cartismo y sufragistas. Cumple con los requisitos del currículo nacional inglés para la etapa de 3 de secundaria (key stage 3). Este texto esta preparado para el Schools History Project creado en 1972 para mejorar el estudio de la historia entre estudiantes de trece a dieciséis años. Reconsidera las formas en que la historia contribuye a las necesidades educativas de los jóvenes, y por ello idea nuevos objetivos, nuevos criterios para la planificación y desarrollo del curso, así como de nuevos materiales de apoyo. Requiere nuevos criterios de evaluación y, por tanto nuevos exámenes y, adquirió mayor expansión con la introducción del General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) en 1987.

Do we have a right to privacy?

El derecho a la intimidad es un tema que genera grandes debates. Las nuevas tecnologías facilitan mucho la obtención de información privada por parte del gobierno, los medios de comunicación y las empresas, siendo controvertido su uso (para la seguridad y protección de los ciudadanos, para la información sobre asuntos de interés público, etc.). El objetivo del libro es animar a los jóvenes a tener su propia opinión sobre el tema mediante técnicas de pensamiento crítico y creativo, recopilación de información, hechos y otros puntos de vista, y el debate y la discusión.

Distribution of diatom communities in agricultural and mining watersheds of Southwest Spain

Els sistemes aquàtics continental representen un dels ecosistemes més amenaçats a nivell mundial, com a conseqüència de l'ús intensiu quel'home en fa. La conca del Guadiana no està lliure d'aquestes pressions antròpiques. Les grans infraestructures hidràuliques i l'escorrentia provinent de l'agricultura són només exemples dels greus problemes que pateix la conca. Aquests problemes es fan especialment palesos en la zona alta de la conca, on l'escassetat d'aigua no fa més que agreujar el problema.Tot això ha generat la necessitat urgent d'avaluar l'estat de conservació d'aquests ecosistemes aquàtics continentals, poder determinar la mesura i la magnitud de les pertorbacions que els estan afectant i així proposar mesures de gestió destinades a restaurar-ne la integritat ecològica. El principal objectiu que presenta aquest és determinar els patrons de distribució de les comunitats de algals (amb una menció especial en el grup de les diatomees) i de les seves causes en la conca del Guadiana i associades, amb la finalitat d'establir i proposar eines que permetin avaluar l'estat de conservació de les masses d'aigua d'aquestes conques.

Analytical methodologies based on X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Inductively Couple Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP) for the assessment of metal dispersal around mining environments

La investigació que es presenta en aquesta tesi es centra en l'aplicació i millora de metodologies analítiques existents i el desenvolupament de nous procediments que poden ser utilitzats per a l'estudi dels efectes ambientals de la dispersió dels metalls entorn a les zones mineres abandonades. En primer lloc, es van aplicar diferents procediments d'extracció simple i seqüencial per a estudiar la mobilitat, perillositat i bio-disponibilitat dels metalls continguts en residus miners de característiques diferents. Per altra banda, per a estudiar les fonts potencials de Pb en la vegetació de les zones mineres d'estudi, una metodologia basada en la utilització de les relacions isotòpiques de Pb determinades mitjançant ICP-MS va ser avaluada. Finalment, tenint en compte l'elevat nombre de mostres analitzades per a avaluar l'impacte de les activitats mineres, es va considerar apropiat el desenvolupament de mètodes analítics d'elevada productivitat. En aquest sentit la implementació d'estratègies quantitatives així com l'aplicació de les millores instrumentals en els equips de XRF han estat avaluades per a aconseguir resultats analítics fiables en l'anàlisi de plantes. A més, alguns paràmetres de qualitat com la precisió, l'exactitud i els límits de detecció han estat curosament determinats en les diverses configuracions de espectròmetres de XRF utilitzats en el decurs d'aquest treball (EDXRF, WDXRF i EDPXRF) per a establir la capacitat de la tècnica de XRF com a tècnica alternativa a les clàssiques comunament aplicades en la determinació d'elements en mostres vegetals.

The right to remain silent : the ethics of invasion and evasion in Paul Sayer’s ''The Comforts of Madness''

Este artigo considera as implicações do silêncio e da ética da experimentação médica no romance de Paul Sayer, The Comforts of Madness, vencedor do prémio Whitbread. O romance de Sayer debruça-se sobre um paciente emestado catatónico, Peter, o qual procura retirar-se para um estado de pura subjetividade como consequência de uma série de eventos traumáticos. Inicialmente tratado num hospital tradicional, é posteriormente transferido para uma clínica experimental onde é submetido a uma série de «tratamento» invasivos e bárbaros com o objectivo de «curá-lo». A abordagem de Sayer dos temas relacionados com a insanidade, o silêncio pessoal e a medicina progressiva levanta questões relativas ao direito do indivíduo de rejeitar o mundo comunitário e à ética de extrair a narrativa retida da narrativa relutante. Ao examinar os processos de normalização e resistência, o romance levanta questões relativamente à ética da inclusão forçada e estabelece uma legitimidade de não-cooperação, o direito ao silêncio, o qual funciona em paralelo com a legitimidade da voz marginalizada. A tendência recente nos estudos literários tem sido no sentido da exposição e promoção das vozes anteriormente ostracizadas pela indústria editorial e pelo público leitor, mas, de um modo geral, este processo tem partido da premissa de que a voz perdida beneficia de tal exposição. Para Sayer, existe o caso igualmente persuasivo relacionado com o reconhecimento do direito à privacidade, em risco de ser preterido numa era de transparência excessiva. Este ensaio discute o modo como o romance de Sayer aborda estas preocupações e salienta a sua consciência do processo complexo de lidar com o indivíduo para quem a recusa a falar corresponde a um gesto social ambíguo.

Aplicação de Data Mining à Segurança do Trabalho Ferroviário

Embora o objectivo de redução de acidentes laborais seja frequentemente invocado para justificar uma aplicação preventiva de testes de álcool e drogas no trabalho, há poucas evidências estatisticamente relevantes das pressupostas causalidade e correlação negativa entre a sujeição aos testes e os posteriores acidentes. Os dados de testes e dos acidentes ocorridos com os colaboradores de uma transportadora ferroviária portuguesa de âmbito nacional, durante anos recentes, começam agora a ser explorados, em busca de relações entre estas e outras variáveis biográficas. - Although the aim of reducing occupational accidents is frequently cited to justify preventive drug and alcohol testing at work, there is little statistically significant evidence of the assumed causality and negative correlation between exposure to testing and subsequent accidents. Data mining of tests and accidents involving employees of a Portuguese national wide railway transportation company, during recent years, is now beginning in search of relations between these and other biographical variables.

The “right way” of Hermetism: disputes on Gnostic’s, Pagan’s and Christian’s (re-)visions of the Hermetic phonomenon in late antiquity

This paper aims to understand the phenomenon of Hermetism though the perspective of its process of reception and reproduction in society. It will explore the phenomenon that was the transformation of the Hermetica into a social discourse. The so-called technical and philosophical Hermetica are texts. A text is the result of a production: it is composed by men, and addressed to men. It is important to consider the intentions and values present in a text’s production, and to understand that its process of reception and reproduction in society are, in fact, complex and dynamic.

Global Acceleration and Dispossesion: Regression in the Right to Life and Public Health during Ecuador’s Neoliberal Decades

The present essay’s central argument or hypothesis is, consequently, that the mechanisms accelerating a wealth concentrating and exclusionary economy centred on the benefit and overprotection of big business—with a corresponding plundering of resources that are vital for life—generated forms of loss and regression in the right to healthcare and the dismantling of institutional protections. These are all expressed in indicators from 1990-2005, which point not only to the deterioration of healthcare programs and services but also to the undermining of the general conditions of life (social reproduction) and, in contrast to the reports and predictions of the era’s governments, a stagnation or deterioration in health indicators, especially for those most sensitive to the crisis. The present study’s argument is linked together across distinct chapters. First, we undertake the necessary clarification of the categories central to the understanding of a complex issue; clarifying the concept of health itself and its determinants, emphasizing the necessity of taking on an integral understanding as a fundamental prerequisite to unravelling what documents and reports from this era either leave unsaid or distort. Based on that analysis, we will explain the harmful effects of global economic acceleration, the monopolization and pillaging of strategic healthcare goods; not only those which directly place obstacles on the access to health services, but also those like the destructuration of small economies, linked to the impoverishment and worsening of living modes. Thinking epidemiologically, we intend to show signs of the deterioration of broad collectivities’ ways of life as a result of the mechanisms of acceleration and pillage. We will then collect disparate evidence of the deterioration of human health and ecosystems to, finally, establish the most urgent conclusions about this unfortunate period of our social and medical history.

Análisis de la sentencia n.º 001-10-SIN-CC. Casos n.º 0008-09-IN y 0011-09-IN sobre acción de inconstitucionalidad en contra de la Ley de Minería y efectos posteriores (Jurisprudencia)

This paper aims to analyze the decision issued by the Constitutional Court for Transition within the unconstitutionality presented against the Mining Act. Proponents, in the main, formal allege unconstitutional by the Mining Law have been issued by the Committee on Legislation and Oversight (National Assembly during the Transitional Period after the adoption of the 2008 Constitution) without the prior execution of a legislative pre query, this query being a collective right of national, indigenous peoples and communities recognized in Article 57 paragraph 17 of the Constitution of the Republic. The Constitutional Court ruled Transition to reject the unconstitutionality confirming the constitutionality of the regulatory body and the substantial and non-formal pre-legislative consultation.

Unholy compromise in the eurozone and how to right it. CEPS Policy Brief No. 277, 16 July 2012

This paper reviews the causes of the ongoing crisis in the eurozone and the policies needed to restore stability in financial markets and reassure a bewildered public. Its main message is that the EU will not overcome the crisis until it has a comprehensive and convincing set of policies in place; able to address simultaneously budgetary discipline and the sovereign debt crisis, the banking crisis, adequate liquidity provision by the ECB and dismal growth. The text updates and expands on his Policy Brief contributed in the run-up to the emergency European Council meeting at the end of June.