UMA JUVENTUDE ORGANIZADA E N��O-PARTICIPATIVA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE UMA GEST��O JOVEM EM S��O BERNARDO DO CAMPO

Esta pesquisa estuda a exist��ncia e atua����o de uma organiza����o da sociedade civil em S��o Bernardo do Campo (SBC). A partir da utiliza����o de ferramentas da participa����o cidad��, em especial a que constitui o Or��amento Participativo, ela analisa se e como esta organiza����o se relaciona com os mun��cipes e com as esferas do poder executivo na busca por uma proposta de governo que atenda aos anseios daqueles a que representa, al��m das pr��prias aspira����es. O estudo busca, atrav��s de um relato hist��rico, contextualizar o munic��pio pelos aspectos econ��micos, pol��ticos e sociais. A partir de levantamentos bibliogr��ficos e acompanhamento, por meio de entrevistas, realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma entidade social n��o governamental que tem especial olhar sobre o jovem cidad��o s��o-bernardense, a fim de verificar como esta entidade �� planejada e gerida para atender ��s aspira����es sociais destes. Espera-se, ao final, entender como uma organiza����o da sociedade civil, em conson��ncia com o que pretende para si mesma, reflete seus objetivos nas propostas e plen��rias de Or��amento Participativo de SBC, realizadas em 2010 para o ano 2011.(AU)

Pesca artesanal entre mudan��as socioambientais: estudo de caso na APA Bonfim-Guara��ra/RN-Brasil

Artisanal fishing is one of the important economic activities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), becoming the main form of survival and income for many families. The southern coast of RN has strong fishing tradition, both in exploitation of fish as in the collection of mollusks on the banks of Guara��ra Lagoon (APA Bonfim-Guara��ra). In recent years, fishing communities have become more vulnerable to outside influences, since the socio-economic and environmental changes are exposed. These changes require adjustments to the fishermen to different environmental conditions, as the social and natural systems are driven by reorganization and upgrading processes. The living conditions in fishing communities are objective and necessary in different ways, according to a selection that is cultural, so adaptable. This study has the general objective to analyze the main environmental changes in fishing communities, based on the understanding of fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen about this problem. The specific objectives searched to: describe the socioeconomic profile, prospects and difficulties of fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen; investigate the major social and environmental changes in the fishing communities of Patan�� and Camocim (Arez/RN). The methodology was qualitative-quantitative with the techniques of observation in the field and open and semistructured interviews applied to representatives of Cologne fishing, fishermen and mollusk fisherwomen. Between the months of January to July 2014 were applied semistructured interviews with 41 interlocutors in Patan�� and 23 of Camocim; totaling 64 people. The results indicated that the interlocutors are aged 40 to 60 years; have only completed elementary school level; are married and have children; survive on less than a minimum wage income and they are not receiving employment insurance. The case study also revealed that the socioeconomic and environmental problems reflected in changes in reproduction, organization and social division of labor, which generates adaptive changes of families to external influences, resulting directly from other economic activities and market pressure and indirectly from tourism. Therefore, adaptations to changes scenario presented as favorable to economic aspects and unfavorable to the social and environmental aspects. In short, the fishery develops on technical, bureaucratic and financial obstacles, in the everyday needs of men and women is the determining factor in willingness to continue exercising fishing and shell fishing on Guara��ra Lagoon, space representing relations social, practices and customs transmitted in the course of local history through social memory of the oldest to the youngest.

Aplica����o do exame da proporcionalidade diante da implanta����o de empreendimentos e��licos em ��reas de preserva����o permanente

The setting up of wind power enterprises at Permanent Preservation Areas reflects the obvious conflict and necessary convergence between free market and energy security on the one hand, and the promotion of environmental quality on the other. From the perspective of energy sustainability, and in order to achieve development (in its complex meaning, which converges economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects), the harmonization between free market and an ecologically sustainable environment is required. This work aims to identify the link between the protection system of the Permanent Preservation Areas and the current constitutional order, by analyzing the implementation of wind power enterprises in these protected zones focusing on the proportionality aspects. A legal and purposeful research was developed, from a theoretical method, followed by collecting and analyzing both primary and secondary data. From these data, the law, the legal literature and judicial decisions were cross-examined, under the light of the Constitution and guided by the theory of proportionality and related development imperatives. In this context, the present study identified the link between the principles of the economic order, environment and energy law, finding their basis under the Federal Constitution and development. By reproducing this interrelationship and by means of post-crisis institutional reforms, the guiding objectives of the Brazilian electric sector began to corroborate the precepts of development, although issues regarding its sustainability still persist. The appraisal of proportionality indicates that the Permanent Preservation Areas protection system is insufficient to materialize the right to a healthy quality of life upon the implementation of wind projects at Permanent Preservation Areas, albeit seeking the harmonization between free market and environmental protection.

Aplica����o do exame da proporcionalidade diante da implanta����o de empreendimentos e��licos em ��reas de preserva����o permanente

The setting up of wind power enterprises at Permanent Preservation Areas reflects the obvious conflict and necessary convergence between free market and energy security on the one hand, and the promotion of environmental quality on the other. From the perspective of energy sustainability, and in order to achieve development (in its complex meaning, which converges economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects), the harmonization between free market and an ecologically sustainable environment is required. This work aims to identify the link between the protection system of the Permanent Preservation Areas and the current constitutional order, by analyzing the implementation of wind power enterprises in these protected zones focusing on the proportionality aspects. A legal and purposeful research was developed, from a theoretical method, followed by collecting and analyzing both primary and secondary data. From these data, the law, the legal literature and judicial decisions were cross-examined, under the light of the Constitution and guided by the theory of proportionality and related development imperatives. In this context, the present study identified the link between the principles of the economic order, environment and energy law, finding their basis under the Federal Constitution and development. By reproducing this interrelationship and by means of post-crisis institutional reforms, the guiding objectives of the Brazilian electric sector began to corroborate the precepts of development, although issues regarding its sustainability still persist. The appraisal of proportionality indicates that the Permanent Preservation Areas protection system is insufficient to materialize the right to a healthy quality of life upon the implementation of wind projects at Permanent Preservation Areas, albeit seeking the harmonization between free market and environmental protection.

���Escritores da liberdade���: hist��rias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no munic��pio do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

���Escritores da liberdade���: hist��rias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no munic��pio do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

Vernaculares: a casa de fazenda seridoense do s��culo XIX como exemplo de adapta����o ao clima semi��rido

The farm���s rural dwellings of creation from the Serid�� Potiguar microregion, built in the nineteenth century, became a reference by its vernacular character, i.e. these buildings, besides having recognized relevance to the identity of the region, they are adapted to the conditions of the place in many aspects (economic, cultural, construction, physical, et.) and consist in protective spaces in relation to hostile characteristics of Serid�����s climate. Considering the above premise, the following question arises: What characteristics of the nineteenth century Serid�� Potiguar���s cattle farms are crucial for them to be a protective space in relation to the semiarid climate? In order to answer the question, this research aim to identify which particularities of the Serid�����s farmhouses that contribute to adaptability in these buildings to semiarid climate, as protection environments; and contribute to the stock valuation of the architectural heritage concerned. Therefore, procedures were adopted divided into two stages. Were first identified the recurring characteristics in the studied buildings, through typological study performed from existing inventories (DINIZ, 2008; FEIJ��, 2002; IPHAN, 2012). To define the type it worked up with the concept that merges Durand���s analytical typology that identifies the similarities and differences to classify buildings, having the character of historical survey and architectural documentation, with the definition proposed by Argan (1963) that the type is not defined a priory, but the deduction from a number of illustrative cases which have formal and functional similarity with each other. Then worked up in a sample of five different types with each other, defined by the possibility of access to the interior of the houses, proximity to other copies, good state of conservation and preservation. The contemplated farms were: Pitombeiras, Agenus e Garrotes in Acari���s town, and the municipality of Caic��, Palma and Penedo. The second stage consists of the architectural survey, photographic record, digital three-dimensional modeling (aiming to expand the existing documentation and registration) and thermal monitoring over approximately a representative day in five farmhouses, relating the thermal performance of the houses with their individual characteristics. The selected variables for analysis monitoring are based on the thermal comfort adaptive model (SPAGNOLO and DE DEAR, 2003 apud NEGREIROS, 2010). The characteristics of the houses were analyzed as meeting the passive thermal conditioning strategies recommended by NBR 15220 (ABNT, 2005), for the bioclimatic zone 7 where the municipalities of Caic�� and Acari are located. The house���s analysis of the operating temperatures revealed that 90% of the times of day the environments are within the comfort range. The farmhouses, which had a higher degree of compliance with recommended bioclimatic strategies, had the best thermal performance. In environments (usually the kitchen and rooms with low ceiling heights, exposed to west radiation) which still had discomfort hours, the thermal comfort can be reached with air movement approximately 1,0 m/s.

Vernaculares: a casa de fazenda seridoense do s��culo XIX como exemplo de adapta����o ao clima semi��rido

The farm���s rural dwellings of creation from the Serid�� Potiguar microregion, built in the nineteenth century, became a reference by its vernacular character, i.e. these buildings, besides having recognized relevance to the identity of the region, they are adapted to the conditions of the place in many aspects (economic, cultural, construction, physical, et.) and consist in protective spaces in relation to hostile characteristics of Serid�����s climate. Considering the above premise, the following question arises: What characteristics of the nineteenth century Serid�� Potiguar���s cattle farms are crucial for them to be a protective space in relation to the semiarid climate? In order to answer the question, this research aim to identify which particularities of the Serid�����s farmhouses that contribute to adaptability in these buildings to semiarid climate, as protection environments; and contribute to the stock valuation of the architectural heritage concerned. Therefore, procedures were adopted divided into two stages. Were first identified the recurring characteristics in the studied buildings, through typological study performed from existing inventories (DINIZ, 2008; FEIJ��, 2002; IPHAN, 2012). To define the type it worked up with the concept that merges Durand���s analytical typology that identifies the similarities and differences to classify buildings, having the character of historical survey and architectural documentation, with the definition proposed by Argan (1963) that the type is not defined a priory, but the deduction from a number of illustrative cases which have formal and functional similarity with each other. Then worked up in a sample of five different types with each other, defined by the possibility of access to the interior of the houses, proximity to other copies, good state of conservation and preservation. The contemplated farms were: Pitombeiras, Agenus e Garrotes in Acari���s town, and the municipality of Caic��, Palma and Penedo. The second stage consists of the architectural survey, photographic record, digital three-dimensional modeling (aiming to expand the existing documentation and registration) and thermal monitoring over approximately a representative day in five farmhouses, relating the thermal performance of the houses with their individual characteristics. The selected variables for analysis monitoring are based on the thermal comfort adaptive model (SPAGNOLO and DE DEAR, 2003 apud NEGREIROS, 2010). The characteristics of the houses were analyzed as meeting the passive thermal conditioning strategies recommended by NBR 15220 (ABNT, 2005), for the bioclimatic zone 7 where the municipalities of Caic�� and Acari are located. The house���s analysis of the operating temperatures revealed that 90% of the times of day the environments are within the comfort range. The farmhouses, which had a higher degree of compliance with recommended bioclimatic strategies, had the best thermal performance. In environments (usually the kitchen and rooms with low ceiling heights, exposed to west radiation) which still had discomfort hours, the thermal comfort can be reached with air movement approximately 1,0 m/s.

La ense��anza oficial de cine en Espa��a

En este art��culo se recoge la historia de la ense��anza oficial de cine en Espa��a: los dos centros en los que se llev�� a cabo, sus sedes, sus directores y las pr��cticas de fin de carrera. Todo ello visto desde la divisi��n en tres etapas del tiempo de existencia de la ense��anza anterior a su incorporaci��n a la universidad: la etapa fundacional, la edad de oro y la crisis que lleva al cierre. A lo largo de estas tres etapas hubo un cambio de actitud en el alumnado, desde el entusiasmo y la ilusi��n inicial al desencanto y rechazo absoluto hacia la Escuela en los ��ltimos a��os.��

Estrat��gias de Competitividade Industrial em Empresas Cooperativas: O caso COMTERN

CAMPOS,Maria da Luz G��is; ANEZ,Miguel Eduar- do Moreno; CAR��CIO,Marcelo Rique. Estrat��gias de Competitividade Industrial em Empresas Cooperativas:O caso COMTERN. In:ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODU����O, 23, 2003, Minas Gerais. Anais...Ouro Petro: ADEPRO, 2003. p. 1-8.

Caso de estudio. De c��mo el gerente de salud aprende y aplica los conceptos b��sicos de econom��a en salud

La evaluaci��n de las propuestas de dos proveedores CardioExpress y AngioL��ser. La evaluaci��n se hace en base al an��lisis de costos que mas beneficie a los usuarios del servicio. DESCRIPCION: El presente caso narra las vivencias del Doctor Funes, encargado de gerenciar los Servicios de Salud de una entidad asociada al r��gimen de Seguridad Social en Salud con sede en la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, y con jurisdicci��n sobre ocho localidades del suroccidente del pa��s. Motivo del caso lo constituye particularmente las necesidades de contar con unas herramientas anal��ticas que le permitan al doctor Funes tomar decisiones de contrataci��n de proveedores con base a evaluaciones econ��micas de diferentes alternativas de tratamiento para grupos espec��ficos de pacientes, pertenecientes a la poblaci��n a cargo de profesionales adscritos a la entidad. En la actualidad se requiere contar con enfoques de an��lisis económicos debidamente contextualizados a salud, y los cuales sean apropiados por los profesionales involucrados en las decisiones cl��nicas correspondientes, por lo que este caso busca sembrar saludables inquietudes al respecto. OBJETIVO DEL CASO: Describir el desarrollo de lo sucedido a un Gerente de Salud durante el proceso vivido del aprendizaje y aplicaci��n de lo b��sico en Econom��a de la Salud. ESPEC��FICOS :1. Promover el entendimiento de los aspectos m��s relevantes relacionados con el aprendizaje y aplicaci��n de las evaluaciones econ��micas en salud.2. Brindar al lector un marco general de herramientas anal��ticas disponibles para utilizar en estudios económicos (an��lisis costo-beneficio y an��lisis costo-efectividad).3. Describir algunas aproximaciones de evaluaciones econ��micas de salud a programas y/o intervenciones, realizadas por el Gerente de Salud.

Desigualdad en el rendimiento acad��mico de los estudiantes en Colombia

En la presente investigaci��n se busca evaluar que tan desiguales son los resultados acad��micos de los estudiantes del grado 11 en Colombia para el per��odo 2008-2012 -- Para esto se construy�� un Gini de puntajes de las pruebas Saber 11 para cada a��o del per��odo evaluado y se compara con el Gini de nivel socioecon��mico estimado a partir de informaci��n de los estudiantes sobre sus condiciones socioecon��micas tomada del formulario de inscripci��n al examen -- Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la desigualdad en t��rminos de puntaje es menor que la desigualdad en t��rminos socioeconómicos, y aunque es relativamente baja se encuentra acompa��ada de puntajes muy bajos en las poblaciones m��s vulnerables -- Los resultados m��s desiguales y con menor puntaje promedio se dan en el ��rea de matem��ticas en los estratos socioeconómicos 1 y 2 -- Seg��n estos resultados, la pol��tica educativa deber��a estar dirigida a reducir la desigualdad en el rendimiento de los alumnos aumentando el rendimiento promedio de estos y no a costa de puntajes m��s bajos, ya que un sistema educativo que logre menor desigualdad implica una sociedad m��s homog��nea, donde todas las personas puedan tener las mismas oportunidades y se cierren brechas de oportunidades e ingresos

Cambios globales y el mercado laboral peruano: comercio, legislaci��n, capital humano y empleo

El presente libro contiene los principales aportes al conocimiento del mercado laboral peruano y el dise��o de pol��ticas de empleo que se discutieron en la Primera Conferencia de Econom��a Laboral del Per��, desarrollada en la Universidad del Pac��fico. Se incluyen trabajos que, desde las visiones de la econom��a y el derecho laboral, cubren las ��reas de macroeconom��a internacional y nacional, instituciones en el mercado de trabajo, formaci��n y retornos al capital humano, y desarrollo de mercados de trabajo regionales.

Medici��n del valor agregado del hogar: nuevos enfoques para el caso peruano

Aun cuando las diferentes medidas convencionales del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) muestran el desempe��o econ��mico del pa��s, el c��lculo de ��stas no considera el significativo valor de los bienes y servicios producidos dentro del hogar. A trav��s de la Encuesta Nacional del Uso de Tiempo (ENUT) 2010, la presente investigaci��n trata de estimar el valor asociado al tiempo dedicado a las labores del hogar en el Per�� bajo distintos enfoques discutidos en la literatura acad��mica. Los resultados arrojan que el Producto Bruto del Hogar (PBH) constituye un monto significativo del PBI que oscila entre los 65,000 y 129,000 millones de nuevos soles de 2010, lo que representa entre 16% y 31% del PBI. Asimismo, los resultados son concluyentes respecto a la participaci��n mayoritaria de las mujeres dentro del PBH: en promedio, alrededor de 60% y 70%. Finalmente, este documento concluye sobre los desaf��os de implementaci��n de pol��ticas p��blicas que permitan reducir las desigualdades en la contribuci��n del tiempo dedicado a las tareas del hogar encontradas.