Effects of gamma-irradiation on caprolactam level from multilayer PA-6 films for food packaging: Development and validation of a gas chromatographic method

A gas chromatographic method to determine caprolactam in multilayer PA-6 films used for meat foodstuffs and cheese was developed and validated. A wide linear range (0.8-400 mu g/ml), RSD <= 4.1% and recovery higher than 90.0% were obtained for the chromatographic system, while precision and accuracy of the method showed RSD <= 3.8%, recovery from 95.5-100.0% and LOQ of 32 mu g/g. Irradiated (3, 7 and 12 kGy) and non-irradiated commercial films were analyzed. Most of them increased caprolactam levels with the increase of irradiation doses. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Em busca de um novo indicador Espectroscópico do período de rotação das Estrelas do tipo solar

The study of sunspots consistently contributed to a better understanding of magnetic phenomena of the Sun, as its activity. It was found with the dynamics of sunspots that the Sun has a rotation period of twenty-seven days around your axis. With the help of Project Sun-As-A-Star that solar spectra obtained for more than thirty years we observed oscillations of both the depth of the spectral line and its equivalent width, and analysis of the return information about the characteristics of solar magnetism. It also aims to find patterns of solar magnetic activity cycle and the average period of rotation of the Sun will indicate the spectral lines that are sensitive to magnetic activity and which are not. Sensitive lines how Ti II 5381.0 Ã… stands as the best indicator of the solar rotation period and also shows different periods of rotation cycles of minimum and maximum magnetic activity. It is the first time we observe clearly distinct rotation periods in the different cycles. The analysis also shows that Ca II 8542.1 Ã… and HI 6562.0 Ã… indicate the cycle of magnetic activity of eleven years. Some spectral lines no indicated connection with solar activity, this result can help us search for programs planets using spectroscopic models. Data analysis was performed using the Lomb-Scargle method that makes the time series analysis for unequally spaced data. Observe different rotation periods in the cycles of magnetic activity accounts for a discussion has been debated for many decades. We verified that spectroscopy can also specify the period of stellar rotation, thus being able to generalize the method to other stars

Validade e reprodutibilidade do Wii Balance Board para avaliação do equilíbrio vertical estático: um novo método de avaliação.

The Wii Balance Board (WBB) began to be investigated as a low-cost alternative for assessing static balance in vertical posture. However, studies employed methodological procedures that did not eliminate result variability between the tests and equipment used. Objective: Determine the validity and reproducibility of the WBB as an instrument for assessing static balance in the vertical position, using simultaneous data analysis and superimposed equipment. Methods: This is an accuracy study of 29 healthy young individuals of both sexes aged 18 to 30 years. Subjects were assessed 24h apart (test-retest), using unipodal and bipodal support tests, with eyes closed and open. To that end the WBB was placed on top of a force platform (FP) and data (postural sway) were collected simultaneously on both devices. Validity and reproducibility were analyzed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Finally, Bland-Altman analysis was applied to assess agreement. Results: The sample was composed of 23 women and 6 men, with mean age of 24.2±6.3 years, 60.7±6.3 kg and 1.64±4.2 m. The validity of the WBB compared to the FP was excellent for all 4 tasks proposed (ICC = 0.93 0.98). The reproducibility analyzed by test-retest was excellent for the bipodal support tasks (ICC = 0.93-0.98) and only moderate for the unipodal support tests (ICC = 0.46 0.70). Graphic analysis exhibited good agreement between the devices, since most of the measures were within the limits of agreement. Conclusion: this study proved the validity and reproducibility of the Wii Balance Board as an instrument for assessing static balance in vertical posture, using simultaneous analysis with superimposed equipment. Thus, the WBB has been increasingly used by physical therapists and other health professionals in their clinical practice, as both a rehabilitation and assessment tool

As praças de cultura no governo Djalma Maranhão

Le présent texte vise à analiser la apropriation de l'espace par le pouvoir publique. Entre les années 1956 et 1964, la ville brésilien de Natal a été administré par le maire Djalma Maranhao, dirigeants politiques marquées par des idées nationalistes, comme la lutte contre l'impérialisme et l'émancipation du peuple a travers de ce que l'on appelle « culture populaire ». Le terme a acquis une connotation politique, en même temps dans ce qui était considéré comme la plus pure manifestation du peuple brésilien. La dynamique politique signifie aussi un nouveau regard sur la ville, enquant que le désir de progrès, de industrialisation et de réformes sociales propagée dans la politique nationale brésilienne, directement traduit par des changements dans son espace physique. Dans cette orientation nationaliste, la ville a entrepris des actions systématiques à l'encontre des nouveaux besoins urbains qui se posent en même temps que tourné certains places de la ville à espaces culturelles, appelée « places de la culture ». Ces espaces sont destinés à la promotion de la culture populaire en même temps il a été un domaine stratégique de la production et la réception des valeurs défendues par Djalma Maranhao. En ce sens, nous avons demandé répondre quelle a été la position du maire face à la besoins urbaines qu'ils se posaient et comme les places de la culture sont intégré à la vie quotidienne de la ville de Natal, donnant une nouvelle signification à la place publique. Pour la construction de ce travail, nous utilisons les sources orales et de revues, de journaux et de A República et Folha da Tarde, comme le principal ressources méthodologiques

Por uma "cidade nova": apropriação e uso do solo urbano no terceiro bairro de Natal (1901-1929)

This research aimed to analyze the forms of ownership and use of urban land in Cidade Nova, third official neighborhood of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), between 1901 and 1929. During this period, the city and state authorities began an urban renewal, trying to transform the city, represent it as a new, modernized, able to track the progress and the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. It is observed in Cidade Nova construction of a new material and symbolic territory: the area that was once occupied by huts built by refugees of drought and some summer houses, was, from 1901, transformed, scanned through a urban plan. In Natal various municipal resolutions published between 1901-1929, showed the desires of the group leader to build on Cidade Nova neighborhood a delightful, modernized its structures to reflect the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. The analyzes of the edicts of the materials published in the newspapers A Republica and Diário do Natal, and especially the study of letters of aforamento, demonstrated how many laws were not enforced or resignified, highlighting the existing continuities. Thus, throughout the paper aims to examine how this territory was occupied and used by its inhabitants, such as the granting of land in aforamento may exemplify this practice and noncompliance and how the land was used to consolidate relations of influence and power. After all, the values given to a space, turning it into territory, resulting from the social dimension of this space, in other words, the social categories that use it. Cannot be, therefore, analyze the ways of appropriation and use of urban land in the third neighborhood of Natal without studying individuals who appropriated and used this territory. The study of the allocation of extant aforamentos of land located in this neighborhood process demonstrated the formation of a specific type of market that were at stake not only economic exchanges, but also, and above all symbolic exchanges involving political and social capital. The analysis of such personnel developed market with the lands of Cidade Nova may indicate the existing relations of power between state government, Stewardship and tenants, providing a significant example of this modernization Natal early twentieth century process, guided by a more wealthy group and influential and characterized by limited social changes

Estudo da influência de linfócitos tcd-8 e das células nk em casos de carcinoma epidermóide de lábio inferior sem metástase e com metástase e sua relação com a progressão da lesão

The presence of inflammatory cells within the tumor microenvironment plays a dual role that may contribute both to the progression and for inhibition of tumor growth. Recent studies suggest that the quality, not the quantity, of the inflammatory infiltrate is the most important determinant for prognosis. Therefore, TCD8 cells and natural killer cells are the main effector cells in combating cancer. The aim of this study was to assess, through the immunohistochemical study, the expression of TCD8 lymphocytes and NK cells in epidermoid carcinoma (EC) of the lower lip. The sample consisted of 32 specimens of EC of the lower lip, of which 16 had regional lymph node metastasis, and the 16 remaining, free of metastases. The total number of positive cells at the front of invasion were evaluated quantitatively and the results were related to clinical TNM staging, histological grade of malignancy and prognostic factors. It was observed for the group with metastasis, prevalence of stages III and IV (p<0.0001). Most patients with metastasis, had a high grade of malignancy (p=0.006). Most cases classified as high grade of malignancy had stages III and IV (p=0.032). Of the total sample, there were three cases of recurrence and five with death, however these variables were not statistically significant when associated with clinicopathological parameters. The immunostaining of CD8 and CD57, respectively, showed no statistically significant association with any of the clinicopathological parameters studied, metastasis (p=0.346, p=0.622), TNM classification (p=0.146, p=0.576), histological grade of malignancy (p=0.936, p=936), recurrence (p=0.075, p=0.075) and death (p=0.897, p=0.856). Believing in the function of the immunological system against malignant cells, it is concluded that the TD8 lymphocytes and NK cells, would be acting in the control of the progression of malignant neoplasms, but not in isolated manner

Estudo in vitro dos efeitos da BMP-2 e do seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em carcinoma epidermóide de língua

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity and reach a large number of individuals, has become an important public health problem. Studies have demonstrated changes in pathway components BMP in various types of cancers as prostate, colon, breast, gastric and OSCCs. Is the current knowledge that these proteins may exert pro-tumor effect in more advanced stages of neoplastic development coming to favor progression and invasion tumor. The inhibition of the signaling pathway BMP-2 through its antagonists, have shown positive results of antitumor activity and use of Noggin may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. Given this evidence and the few studies with BMP-2, Noggin and OSCC, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on proliferation and migration cell in line of cell cultures of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC25). The study was divided in three groups, a control group, where SCC25 cells suffered no treatment, a BMP-2 group, in which cells were treated with 100ng/ml of BMP-2 and a group of cells that were treated with 100ng/ml of Noggin. For the proliferation assay and cell cycle were established three time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours). Proliferative activity was investigated by trypan blue and cell cycle analysis by staining with propidium iodide flow cytometry. The potential for migration / invasion of SCC25 cells was performing by a cell invasion assay using Matrigel in a 48-hour interval. The proliferation curve showed a higher proliferation in cells treated with BMP-2 in 72 hours (p < 0.05), and lower overgrowth and cell viability in Noggin group. Recombinant proteins favored a greater percentage of cells in cell cycle phase Go/G1 with a statistically significant difference in the interval of 24 hours (p < 0.05). BMP- 2 produced a greater invasion of cells studied as well as its antagonist Noggin inhibits invasion of cells (p < 0.05). Thus, these results indicate that BMP-2 promotes malignant phenotype, dues stimulates proliferation and invasion of SCC25 cells and, its antagonist Noggin may be an alternative treatment, due to inhibit the tumor progression

Efeitos da estimulação ambiental sobre os aspectos motores, cognitivos e neuronais em um modelo farmacológico progressivo da doença de Parkinson

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Desenvolvimento de um novo complexo macrocíclico do sistema cobalto cyclam

In this work were synthesized and studied the spectroscopic and electrochemical characteristics of the coordination compounds trans-[Co (cyclam)Cl2]Cl, trans- Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2], trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl and trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2], where tios = thiosulfate and en = ethylenediamine. The compounds were characterized by: Elemental Analysis (CHN), Absorption Spectroscopy in the Infrared (IR), Uv-Visible Absorption Spectroscopy, Luminescence Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry (cyclic voltammetry). Elemental Analysis (CHN) suggests the following structures for the complex: trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl.6H2O and trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2].7H2O. The electrochemical analysis, when compared the cathodic potential (Ec) processes of the complexes trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl and trans-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl, indicated a more negative value (-655 mV) for the second complex, suggesting a greater electron donation to the metal center in this complex which can be attributed to a greater proximity of the nitrogen atoms of ethylenediamine in relation to metal-nitrogen cyclam. Due to the effect of setting macrocyclic ring to the metal center, the metal-nitrogen bound in the cyclam are not as close as the ethylenediamine, this fact became these two ligands different. Similar behavior is also observed for complexes in which the chlorides are replaced by thiosulfate ligand, trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2] (-640 mV) and trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] (-376 mV). In absorption spectroscopy in the UV-visible, there is the band of charge transfer LMCT (ligand p&#61552;&#61614; d&#61552;* the metal) in the trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] (350 nm, p&#61552; tios &#61614; d&#61552;* Co3+) and in the trans-Na[Co(en)2(tios)2] (333 nm, p&#61552; tios&#61614; d&#61552;* Co3+), that present higher wavelength compared to complex precursor trans- [Co(cyclam)Cl2]Cl (318 nm, p&#61552;Cl &#61614; d&#61552;* Co3+), indicating a facility of electron density transfer for the metal in the complex with the thiosulfate ligand. The infrared analysis showed the coordination of the thiosulfate ligand to the metal by bands in the region (620-635 cm-1), features that prove the monodentate coordination via the sulfur atom. The &#957;N-H bands of the complexes with ethylenediamine are (3283 and 3267 cm-1) and the complex with cyclam bands are (3213 and 3133 cm-1). The luminescence spectrum of the trans-Na[Co(cyclam)(tios)2] present charge transfer band at 397 nm and bands dd at 438, 450, 467, 481 and 492 nm.

Violência nas escolas: Um novo olhar ante as relações sociais

The most varied ways of manifestation of the violence phenomenon in the contemporary society are each time more found in the media spaces and among society discussions. It makes think about procedures to be taken before the growth and new outbreaks of such phenomenon. The violences manifestations in schools reveal themselves as a reflection of what happens in the scope of social violence. Its dynamics originates in society and reflects itself in scholl, that is, the violences in schools combine internal and external elements to school enviroment of many fields and spheres of which the individuals participate. To reflect about the violences in the schools requires, over all, to make a bridge with the categories: youth and violence. Violences in schools: A new look to the social relations, is a Ms. Sc. Dissertation that has as main objective: to analyze the main existing forms of violence in the school space. For its achievement, it was made a bibliographical survey, questionnaires application (annexed) and observation. Thus, this research articulated the two approaches: qualitative and quantitative. The questionnaires application happened in a state school of the Natal city and amongst yhe criteria for this choice there was the fact of the school had more than 500 pupils, to be located on a strategical place of the city, providing a subjects heterogeneity to be researched, deyond the limitations of available resources financial and material and the available time for the research accomplishment. The scool congregates objective conditions, specifically in what concerns the criteria previously defined: age range, socioenomical level and number of pupils. Amongst the main results obtained, it can be detached that the violence is a phenomenon seen, for the great majority of the research subjects, as a phenomenon connected to the most visible violence forms: the agressions. And a question always present in the public education institutions: infrastructures precariousness, high scool evasion índex and vulnerability among the pupils that makes possible to the pupil to see school as an home extension. Such dissertation concludes that the phenomenon of the violence in scools demands and requires of the most varied subjects involved in the processes na understanding of its determinants so that thus, one can intervene in such phenomenon that does not restrains itself to the physical acts of aggression, but that it is, over all, on a non respecting the different

Do novo sindicalismo à concertação social: ascensão (e crise) do sindicalismo no Brasil (1978-1998)

La trajectoire du syndicalisme au Brésil de 1978 à 1998 se présente comme un passage, sur le plan de la stratégie syndicale, de la confrontation à la coopération conflictuelle, ou encore, de la lutte des classes dans la production vers une «convergence antagonique», ou un syndicalisme de participation ou de «concertation sociale», qui s'avère précisement un défensivisme nouveau, d'apparence néo-corporative. Ce que nous cherchons à caractériser ici est l'importance progressive dans la pratique syndicaliste prépondérante de la CUT dans les années 90 du nouveau corporatisme ouvrier, qui a tendance à affaiblir la perspective de classe qui a caractérisé la lutte politique et syndicale au Brésil dans les années 80.

Experiência preliminar com novo filtro de veia cava: resultados de 15 implantes

Este estudo apresenta resultados preliminares obtidos com um novo filtro permanente de veia cava, baseado no desenho de Greenfield, com três hastes prolongadas de um total de seis, para dar estabilidade central ao filtro na luz da veia cava. Neste artigo, relatamos sua avaliação clínica preliminar quanto à aplicabilidade, eficácia e segurança. de agosto de 2004 a dezembro de 2006, 15 filtros foram implantados em nove homens e seis mulheres, com idades variando de 38 a 79 anos (média de 57,8 anos). O acesso foi feito sempre por via transjugular. As indicações foram: trombose venosa proximal, com contra-indicação de anticoagulação em 12 pacientes; complicações hemorrágicas com anticoagulação em dois pacientes; e embolia pulmonar, apesar de anticoagulação adequada, em um paciente. Os filtros foram avaliados quanto à liberação, inclinação, mau posicionamento e perfuração de cava. No seguimento, avaliou-se trombose no local de acesso, tromboembolismo venoso recorrente, migração do filtro e trombose de cava pelo ultra-som. Nenhum paciente recebeu anticoagulantes no seguimento. O filtro foi liberado com sucesso em todos os casos sem mau posicionamento, inclinação, perfuração ou trombose de acesso. Os pacientes foram seguidos entre 3 e 23 meses (média de 11 meses). Nenhum paciente teve recorrência de tromboembolismo venoso. Não houve casos de trombose de veia cava ou migração do filtro. Óbito ocorreu em sete casos, todos relacionados com a moléstia de base. Os resultados preliminares indicam potencial eficácia e segurança do uso do novo filtro no período estudado.

Atuação e interação de stakeholders no processo de implantação do turismo: um estudo no município de Sitio Novo/RN

The present work is a study which deals about the stakeholder approach towards the issue of tourism development in a city of Rio Grande do Norte state: Sítio Novo. As a goal, we sought to understand the stakeholders action and interaction mechanisms in the implementation process and, consequently, tourism planning in the municipality. Regarding to the methodology, the study is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, given the intention of trying to understand meanings and situational characteristics presented by the research subjects. The interview was the instrument used to collect information, and it was performed with 10 (ten) actors of tourism in the municipality, documents about tourism development (Proceedings of the Regional Council of Polo Agreste Trairi were analyzed Sítio Novo municipality incorporates the Polo, and the Strategic Plan for Tourism). The study shows that public actors are the majority in the destination, notes that there is a minimal involvement of civil society in actions for tourism in the municipality, highlights that representatives of the municipality participate effectively in meetings of the Regional Council of Tourism Polo Agreste Trairi, to discuss actions related to the development of the activity in the locality, and attests that local actors interviewed, mostly understand their functions regarding to tourism development, however, do not perform actions consistent with the role they have, which have as purpose the planning and development of tourism. For that matter, this paper concludes that the participation and coordination among the stakeholders of the municipality should be reconsidered in order to seek and/or propose alternatives that gather in a more adequate way the local actors, so that something more effective about the tourism development in the destination could be done

Lupus eritematoso sistêmico: novo fator de risco para aterosclerose?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de eventos cardiovasculares (ECV) secundários à aterosclerose em pacientes com lupus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e correlacioná-los aos tradicionais fatores de risco, tempo de doença e drogas utilizadas na terapia. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo através da coleta e análise dos dados contidos nos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado há no mínimo dois anos e seguidos desde 1992. Foram considerados ECV: angina do peito (AP), IAM e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) de causa não relacionada à atividade do LES. Foram computados os fatores de risco para aterosclerose e dados sobre tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 71 prontuários. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 34,2±12,7 anos; 68 mulheres e três homens; 58 caucasóides (81,6%). Dez (14,08%) apresentaram ECV. Os pacientes nos quais os eventos cardiovasculares foram observados apresentavam idade mais elevada (42,7 vs 32,8 anos p=0,0021) e maior tempo de doença (10,8 vs 7,2 anos p=0,011). Os tradicionais fatores de risco, as doses diárias e cumulativas de esteróides, imunossupressores e antimaláricos não apresentaram diferença estatística significante entre pacientes que apresentaram ou não ECV. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de secundários à aterosclerose no LES foi semelhante ao da literatura, 14,08%. Os tradicionais fatores de risco não mostraram associação com a ocorrência ou não de ECV no LES. Os pacientes nos quais os eventos cardiovasculares foram observados apresentavam idade mais elevada e maior tempo de doença. É precoce estabelecer-se que o LES possa ser um fator independente no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose.

Interpretando direitos e incorporando novas agências: o reconhecimento da Terra Indígena Las Casas, PA, e as perspectivas caiapó sobre esse processo

O artigo trata do processo de retomada e reconhecimento da Terra Indígena Las Casas, PA, de ocupação tradicional dos índios caiapó. O intuito é mostrar que os Caiapó interpretam esse evento, que é também jurídico e administrativo, a partir de suas próprias ló- gicas culturais, a ele incorporando novas agências e visões de mundo