Grain-size, lithic grains, foraminifera-derived and dinocyst-derived data of sediment core MD99-2281

The last glacial period was punctuated by abrupt climatic events with extrema known as Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events. These millennial events have been the subject of many paleoreconstructions and model experiments in the past decades, but yet the hydrological processes involved remain elusive. In the present work, high-resolution analyses were conducted on the 12-42 ka BP section of core MD99-2281 retrieved southwest of the Faeroe Islands, and combined with analyses conducted in two previous studies (Zumaque et al., 2012; Caulle et al., 2013). Such a multiproxy approach, coupling micropaleontological, geochemical and sedimentological analyses, allows us to track surface, subsurface, and deep hydrological processes occurring during these rapid climatic changes. Records indicate that the coldest episodes of the studied period (Greenland stadials and Heinrich stadials) were characterized by a strong stratification of surface waters. This surface stratification seems to have played a key role in the dynamics of subsurface and deep-water masses. Indeed, periods of high surface stratification are marked by a coupling of subsurface and deep circulations which sharply weaken at the beginning of stadials, while surface conditions progressively deteriorate throughout these cold episodes; conversely, periods of decreasing surface stratification (Greenland interstadials) are characterized by a coupling of surface and deep hydrological processes, with progressively milder surface conditions and gradual intensification of the deep circulation, while the vigor of the subsurface northward Atlantic flow remains constantly high. Our results also reveal different and atypical hydrological signatures during Heinrich stadials (HSs): while HS1 and HS4 exhibit a "usual" scheme with reduced overturning circulation, a relatively active North Atlantic circulation seems to have prevailed during HS2, and HS3 seems to have experienced a re-intensification of this circulation during the middle of the event. Our findings thus bring valuable information to better understand hydrological processes occurring in a key area during the abrupt climatic shifts of the last glacial period.

(Table T1) Initial water quality conditions for bioassay experiments during Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP09-01 in the Amundsen Sea

Nutrient addition experiments were performed during the austral summer in the Amundsen Sea (Southern Ocean) to investigate the availability of organically bound iron (Fe) to the phytoplankton communities, as well as assess their response to Fe amendment. Changes in autotrophic biomass, pigment concentration, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and nutrient concentration were recorded in response to the addition of dissolved free Fe (DFe) and Fe bound to different model ligands. Analysis of pigment concentrations indicated that the autotrophic community was dominated by the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica throughout most of the Amundsen Sea, although diatoms dominated in two experiments conducted in the marginal ice zone. Few significant differences in bulk community biomass (particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a) were observed, relative to the controls, in treatments with Fe added alone or bound to the ligand phytic acid. In contrast, when Fe was bound to the ligand desferrioxamine B (DFB), decreases in the bulk biomass indices were observed. The concentration of the diatom accessory pigment fucoxanthin showed little response to Fe additions, while the concentration of the P. antarctica-specific pigment, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19'-hex), decreased when Fe was added alone or bound to the model ligands. Lastly, differences in the nitrate:phosphate (NO3- :PO4**3-) utilization ratio were observed between the Fe-amended treatments, with Fe bound to DFB resulting in the lowest NO3- :PO4**3- uptake ratios (~ 10) and the remaining Fe treatments having higher NO3- :PO4**3- uptake ratios (~ 17). The data are discussed with respect to glacial inputs of Fe in the Amundsen Sea and the bioavailability of Fe. We suggest that the previously observed high NO3- :PO4**3- utilization ratio of P. antarctica is a consequence of its production of dissolved organic matter that acts as ligands and increases the bioavailability of Fe, thereby stimulating the uptake of NO3-.

Age determination of sediment core GIK16523-1

High-resolution studies of a planktonic foraminifer core record from the South China Sea (SCS) (31KL: 18°45.4'N, 115°52.4'E, water depth 3360 m) reveal changes driven by ice-volume forcings in the climate of the East Asian monsoon in the western Pacific marginal sea during the late Quaternary. The analyses of planktonic foraminifer faunal abundance data from the core indicate significant variations in the relative abundances of the dominant taxa over the past 100,000 years since the isotope stage 5. The transfer function estimates of faunal sea surface temperatures (SST) correlate well with a long-term (104-105 years) trend of global glaciation. About 65,000 years ago, there was an observable change in the mode of SST variability as many low-latitude records have shown. These findings suggest that the SCS surface circulation and the East Asian winter monsoon systems are mainly driven by variations in global glaciation levels. The association of surface ocean cooling in the SCS with global climatic events suggests that fluctuations in the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon may be linked to shifts in the latitudinal position of the westerly winds and the Siberian high-pressure system.

(Table 1) Age control and temporal resolution of paleoceanographic records of the North Atlantic

Short-term changes in sea surface conditions controlling the thermohaline circulation in the northern North Atlantic are expected to be especially efficient in perturbing global climate stability. Here we assess past variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the northeast Atlantic and Norwegian Sea during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 and, in particular, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Five high-resolution SST records were established on a meridional transect (53°N-72°N) to trace centennial-scale oscillations in SST and sea-ice cover. We used three independent computational techniques (SIMMAX modern analogue technique, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Revised Analog Method (RAM)) to reconstruct SST from planktonic foraminifer census counts. SIMMAX and ANN reproduced short-term SST oscillations of similar magnitude and absolute levels, while RAM, owing to a restrictive analog selection, appears less suitable for reconstructing "cold end" SST. The SIMMAX and ANN SST reconstructions support the existence of a weak paleo-Norwegian Current during Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) interstadials number 4, 3, 2, and 1. During the LGM, two warm incursions of 7°C water to occurred in the northern North Atlantic but ended north of the Iceland Faroe Ridge. A rough numerical estimate shows that the near-surface poleward heat transfer from 53° across the Iceland-Faroe Ridge up to to 72° N dropped to less than 60% of the modern value during DO interstadials and to almost zero during DO stadials. Summer sea ice was generally confined to the area north of 70°N and only rarely expanded southward along the margins of continental ice sheets. Internal LGM variability of North Atlantic (>40°N) SST in the GLAMAP 2000 compilation (Sarnthein et al., 2003, doi:10.1029/2002PA000771; Pflaumann et al., 2003, doi:10.1029/2002PA000774) indicates maximum instability in the glacial subpolar gyre and at the Iberian Margin, while in the Nordic Seas, SST was continuously low.

Oxygen isotopic measurements from Holcene of sediment core MD02-2529, tropical pacific

Changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability are difficult to extract from paleoceanographic reconstructions because they are superimposed on changes in seasonal variability that modulate the first-order climate signal. Here we address this problem by reconstructing thermocline structure from a marine sediment core retrieved from the eastern equatorial Pacific. At the core location, changes in hydrologic parameters within the thermocline are linked to ENSO activity, with a reduced influence of seasonal variability compared to surface waters. We performed repeated isotopic analyses (d18O) on single specimens of the thermocline-dwelling planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei at several targeted time periods over the last 50 ka to extract the total thermocline variance, a parameter supposed to reveal changes in ENSO. No fundamental changes in amplitude and frequency of the events were detected despite differences in climatic background. However, our data suggest that long-term variations in the thermocline variability occurred over the last 50 ka, with the highest and lowest ENSO activities occurring during the last glacial period and the Last Glacial Maximum, respectively.

(Table S2) The reconstructed sea surface temperature (SST) over the eastern equatorial Pacific

Abundant hydroclimatic evidence from western Amazonia and the adjacent Andes documents wet conditions during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1, 18-15 ka), a cold period in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic. This precipitation anomaly was attributed to a strengthening of the South American summer monsoon due to a change in the Atlantic interhemispheric sea surface temperature (SST) gradient. However, the physical viability of this mechanism has never been rigorously tested. We address this issue by combining a thorough compilation of tropical South American paleorecords and a set of atmosphere model sensitivity experiments. Our results show that the Atlantic SST variations alone, although leading to dry conditions in northern South America and wet conditions in northeastern Brazil, cannot produce increased precipitation over western Amazonia and the adjacent Andes during HS1. Instead, an eastern equatorial Pacific SST increase (i.e., 0.5-1.5 °C), in response to the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during HS1, is crucial to generate the wet conditions in these regions. The mechanism works via anomalous low sea level pressure over the eastern equatorial Pacific, which promotes a regional easterly low-level wind anomaly and moisture recycling from central Amazonia towards the Andes.

Crónicas, reliquias, piedras legendarias y coronaciones en la Edad Media

Este artículo es un estudio histórico de la leyenda de la «Piedra del Destino», que fue parte del asiento del trono de coronación de los reyes de Escocia y que fue trasladada a la abadía de Westminster por el rey Eduardo de Inglaterra, que la situó bajo el trono de la coronación de los reyes de Inglaterra. La «Piedra del Destino», como muchas reliquias y antigüedades de la Edad Media, tuvo una larga historia, escrita por cronistas e historiadores. Una historia muy semejante a otras translationes de reliquias. La historia de la «Piedra del Destino» contiene ricos aspectos jurídicos, políticos y sacrales. Para comprenderlos es necesario analizar las crónicas, entendidas como textos históricos, que dan sentido a los rituales jurídicos y políticos de la Edad Media.

Diseño y proyección del espacio dramático en "Los amantes" de Andrés Rey de Artieda

En el presente trabajo se analiza la manera en la que el dramaturgo valenciano Andrés Rey de Artieda diseñó los diferentes espacios dramáticos por los que transcurre la acción de su única pieza teatral conocida: Los amantes. Compuesta poco después de 1577, se trata de una obra deudora de los parámetros dramatúrgicos de su tiempo, pues el componente literario del texto dramático predomina claramente sobre el espectacular. Estamos ante un tipo de teatro fundamentado en la palabra y muy poco en lo visual.Sin embargo, ya se perciben en el texto ciertos rasgos de innegable modernidad, que es el asunto que me ha interesado a la hora de acercarme a él. Mi objetivo será demostrar el dinamismo con el que se producen los cambios de espacio dramático a lo largo de la trama argumental para subrayar que Rey de Artieda tenía ya asumidas algunas de las innovaciones que desembocarán en el teatro nacional español unas décadas más tarde.

Gilles de la Tourette y su síndrome

Georges Albert Brutus Edouard Gilles de la Tourette nació y se crió dentro de una época esplendorosa de Francia. Se destacó por sus méritos como estudiante y fue educado para que tuviera una brillante carrera como médico. Su paso por el hospital Pitie-Salpêtrière fue algo fundamental en su vida, ya que allí conoció al profesor Jean-Martin Charcot quien le brindó la oportunidad y las herramientas para estudiar su pasión, la Neurología, de una manera amplia y a dedicarse a otros casos interesantes dedicados a la mente humana. Gracias a esto pudo describir la patología que hoy nos compete como el síndrome de La Tourette. Su estudio y su incansable curiosidad permitieron además involucrarse no sólo con este síndrome sino que ayudó a hacer múltiples descripciones de otras patologías e incursionó en el nuevo campo del hipnotismo. Sin embargo, su muerte prematura, debido a una enfermedad hoy en día curable, hizo que se truncara la maravillosa mente de este neurólogo que, muy seguramente, hubiese aportado más conocimiento de la época a nuestro saber actual.

Apport d'un programme de génétique à une filière de production aquacole : l'exemple de l'ostréiculture

Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between IFREMER and the 5 commercial hatcheries, that all joined the SYSAAF (Union of the French poultry, shellfish and fish farming selectors), allow to plan for new genetic breeding programs. At the end of the 80ies, IFREMER initiated a genetic breeding program for the resistance of the European flat oyster to the bonamiosis, and obtained strains more tolerant to this disease. After two generations of massal selection, molecular markers had identified a reduced genetic basis in this program. It was then reoriented to an intra-familial selection. However, we were confronted to a zootechnic problem to manage such a scheme and we compromised by an intra-cohorts of families selection scheme managed using molecular markers. The program has now reached the transfer level with experimentation at a professional scale. Concerning the Pacific cupped oyster, and in parallel with the obtaining and the study of polyploids, performance of different Asian cupped oyster strains were compared to the one introduced in France thirty years ago and currently suffering from summer mortalities. The local strain exhibited better performance, certainly based upon a good local adaptation. In other respects, although early growth is a relevant criteria for selection for growth to commercial stage, it is not to be privileged in the context of an oyster producing region with a limited food availability. Contrary, the spat summer mortality became a priority for numerous teams (genetic, physiology, pathology, ecology,...) joined in the MOREST program. The first results showed important survival differences between fullsib and halsib families. They indicate a genetic determinism to this character "survival" and promote for its selection.

El autor y el intérprete. Le Corbusier y Amancio Williams en la casa Curutchet

EL AUTOR Y EL INTÉRPRETE. LE CORBUSIER Y AMANCIO WILLIAMS EN LA CASA CURUTCHET Esta Tesis Doctoral estudia las relaciones que se establecen entre el autor y el intérprete de una obra de arquitectura, en particular entre Charles Edouard Jeanneret “Le Corbusier” y Amancio Williams, como proyectista y director de obra respectivamente de la Casa Curutchet en La Plata, Argentina, entre los años 1948 y 1951. La hipótesis de trabajo formula que la actuación de los intérpretes adquiere tanta trascendencia como la de los autores a la hora de otorgar sentido a las obras de arquitectura y que la rigurosa interpretación de Amancio Williams en la Casa Curutchet ha resultado fundamental, no solamente para la realización de esta importante obra sino como testimonio de un preciso método de trabajo como intérprete del Movimiento Moderno. Se analizan los conceptos arquitectónicos desarrollados por el autor, su concepción del espacio en el mundo doméstico de la modernidad, para confrontarlos con la interpretación personal que realiza Amancio Williams, en el contexto de la época, que culmina con su representación en la obra construida. La Casa Curutchet en La Plata (Argentina) es la única vivienda proyectada por Le Corbusier construida en América, uno de sus más bellos y poéticos trabajos, y conjuntamente con el Carpenter Center de Cambridge en EEUU, una de las dos únicas obras proyectadas exclusivamente por el famoso arquitecto suizo que llegaron a materializarse en América. La complejidad del programa, resuelta por Le Corbusier en un periodo muy corto de tiempo con extraordinaria inteligencia y plasticidad, llegará a conformar uno de sus proyectos para vivienda más interesantes. Por sugerencia del propio Le Corbusier, Amancio Williams, uno de los más capaces e importantes exponentes de la arquitectura moderna en Latinoamérica, se hizo cargo de la responsabilidad de materializar la obra. En su estudio de Buenos Aires, realizó una cuidadosa comprensión de la documentación recibida, estudió la estructura y desarrolló modificaciones importantes, proyectó y desarrolló varias versiones de carpinterías y sus detalles, estudió la cocina, el vestíbulo, las instalaciones, iluminaciones naturales y artificiales, diseñó el equipamiento interior y decidió los acabados. Durante casi un año con un grupo de colaboradores, desarrolló una extensa documentación en croquis, esquemas y cuidadosos detalles a escala de construcción, constituida por más de 200 planos de gran formato hasta el momento inéditos, que se encuentran en su Archivo y que esta investigación saca a la luz.

Fascicule technique pour la mise en œuvre du suivi "Paramètres Physico-Chimiques & Phytoplancton" du réseau de contrôle de surveillance DCE à La Réunion : Réseau Hydrologique du Littoral Réunionnais

De 2010 à 2012, le projet " Bon Etat : Actualisation de l’état des lieux du SDAGE, volet eaux côtières réunionnaises " (DEAL de La Réunion/Ifremer) a permis la mise en place de 4 groupes de travail DCE experts dont les travaux ont été synthétisés à travers 4 fascicules techniques définissant les conditions de mise en oeuvre des différents suivis du réseau de contrôle de la surveillance (RCS) DCE en milieu marin à la Réunion. Une première version du fascicule "Physico-chimie & phytoplancton", a été produite en 2012 et validée au niveau national par les référents DCE (Coordination "phytoplancton", Coordination "hydrologie", Coordination nationale DCE milieu Marin, responsable projet Quadrige). Une mise à jour a été proposée en 2015 (Office de l'eau Réunion/Ifremer) dans la double perspective des recommandations du GT DCE de la Réunion et des nouvelles campagnes de suivi du "Réseau Hydrologique du Littoral Réunionnais - RHLR". Ce fascicule a vocation à constituer le support technique des méthodes et des référentiels pour la réalisation du suivi "RHLR" du RCS DCE à La Réunion. Il précise les protocoles de prélèvement, d’analyse, de bancarisation, de synthèse et de diffusion des données. Il présente également les indicateurs associés aux différents éléments de qualité, adaptés à La Réunion

Paul Villeneuve : fondateur des Caisses d'établissement du Québec (1903-1971)

Le 23 octobre 1950, M. Paul Villeneuve fondait la Caisse d'établissement de Vaudreuil-Soulanges, coopérative d'épargne et crédit, première institution du genre au Canada. Cette formule séduisante allait entraîner dans son orbite l'ensemble des régions de la belle province et donnerait naissance à la Fédération des Caisses d'établissement du Québec. Jusqu'ici, personne n'avait entrepris de retracer la vie de M. Paul Villeneuve. D'ailleurs, sa vie active fut courte puisqu'une grave maladie, survenue au tout début de la cinquantaine, freinait la course de ce bâtisseur. La rareté des documents dépeignant celui-ci frappe dès l'abord. Son maniement habile des précautions oratoires transparaît dans l'unique copie qui nous soit restée de l'un de ses nombreux discours (Il s'agit de l'allocution présentée lors du 50e anniversaire de la Caisse populaire de Lévis). On repère d'autres traces de son passage dans quelques périodiques comme La Terre de chez nous et dans des procès-verbaux de l'Union catholique des cultivateurs, de la Caisse populaire de Vaudreuil et des trois Caisses d'établissement qu'il a fondées. M. Paul-Émile Doré mentionne sa contribution dans son essai de maîtrise en coopération intitulé: Les Caisses d'établissement et le crédit agricole (1986). Malheureusement, aucune correspondance ou article de journal n'émanait de cet homme au charisme remarquable; aussi, les personnes l'ayant connu s'avéraient des plus susceptibles de nous renseigner de manière pertinente sur ce captivant personnage. Quelques-unes se sont rendues à l'invitation: c'est le cas de ses enfants Marguerite, Jeanne, François et de son gendre, M. Edgar Marcoux. De précieux collaborateurs de M. Villeneuve, MM. Joseph-Edouard Carrière et Lazare Rozon, nous ont gracieusement accordé de leur temps, tout comme M. Paul-Emile Doré, membre fondateur de la Caisse d'établissement du Saguenay-Lac St-Jean (la plus vieille Caisse d'établissement à l'heure actuelle, celle de Vaudreuil-Soulanges s'étant fusionnée à la Caisse populaire de Vaudreuil).