Estirpes de Bradyrhizobium em simbiose com guandu-anão em casa de vegetação e no campo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência simbiótica de estirpes de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio do gênero Bradyrhizobium com guandu-anão. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em vasos de Leonard, em vasos com solo e em campo. Foram testadas 11 estirpes em vasos de Leonard, e as que apresentaram maior eficiência em promover o crescimento do guandu-anão foram avaliadas em vasos com solo (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo e Cambissolo) e em campo (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo). Em todos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram comparados a dois controles positivos (estirpes aprovadas como inoculantes para as cultivares de guandu-anão BR 2003 e BR 2801) e a duas testemunhas sem inoculação, uma com alta concentração de N mineral, e a outra, a depender do experimento, sem N mineral (solo) ou com baixa concentração de N (vasos de Leonard). Algumas estirpes proporcionaram crescimento vegetal semelhante ou superior às estirpes-referência e às testemunhas em vaso de Leonard. Em vasos com solo, o tipo de solo influenciou os tratamentos. No campo, não houve diferença entre os tratamentos, e as estirpes nativas promoveram bom crescimento. O guandu-anão é capaz de estabelecer associação simbiótica com bactérias fixadoras de N2, e a estirpe UFLA 03-320 apresenta potencial para ser recomendada para a cultura junto com a estirpe BR 2801.

Tuotannonsuunnittelun analysointi ja kehittäminen eräällä sahalaitoksella

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli analysoida ja kehittää työn toimeksiantajan UPM-Kymmene Wood Oy Korkeakosken sahan tuotannonsuunnittelua. Työn tärkein tavoite on saada selkeä toimintamalli tuotannonsuunnitteluun, jonka avulla pystytään läpäisemään 300 000 m3:n tai jopa tulevaisuudessa 320 000 m3:n vuosituotanto. Tuotannonsuunnittelulle asetettavat perusvaatimukset ovat raaka-aineen, tuotannon ja myynnin yhteensovittaminen, tilausten oikea-aikainen valmistus ja toimitus, asiakastyytyväisyys, laadun tasaisuus, reklamaatioiden minimointi ja ajosarjojen pituuden maksimointi. Tuotannon suunnittelussa on tärkeää tuntea raaka-aine- ja tuotejakaumat, varastot sekä materiaalivirrat. Tärkeitä osa-alueita tässä tutkimuksessaovat raaka-aine- sekä väli- ja valmisvarastojen seuranta, kierto sekä tuotannonohjaus. Tutkimuksessa perehdytään tuotantoon ja tuotannonsuunnittelun nykyiseen toimintaan ja apuvälineisiin. Tutkimuksen tuloksena kehitettiin tuotannonsuunnitteluun toimintamalli. Se vaatii tuotannonsuunnittelijalta tarkkaa analysointia ja tuotteiden läpimenoaikojen tuntemusta sekä kuivauksen maksimikapasiteetin hyödyntämistä.

Radiation doses in computed tomography: pitfalls in comparing CT to chest X-ray

Rapid response to : Madan M Rehani and Manorma Berry Radiation doses in computed tomography BMJ 2000; 320: 593-594

CLONAGEM DO JAMBEIRO-ROSA (Syzygium malacensis) POR ESTAQUIA DE RAMOS ENFOLHADOS

O jambeiro-rosa é uma fruteira exótica que representa uma alternativa aos fruticultores, devido às características organolépticas de seus frutos. Em virtude da segregação genética e ausência de sementes em vários clones, procurou-se, neste trabalho, estudar a propagação vegetativa, utilizando-se de estacas com folhas e a influência do tratamento com AIB. O trabalho foi realizado na Área experimental de fruticultura da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias -- UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, no período de outubro de 1998 a março de 1999, tendo como objetivo avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento de estacas com folhas apicais e subapicais de jambeiro-rosa com a utilização de diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 tipos de estacas e 4 concentrações de AIB), com 4 repetições e 10 estacas por parcela, num total de 320 estacas. As concentrações de AIB utilizadas foram: 0; 100; 200 e 400 mg.L-1, e as estacas foram colocadas em imersão lenta por 14 horas, no escuro. Foram avaliados os percentuais de sobrevivência das estacas e enraizamento das estacas, número médio de raízes e brotos por estaca, e comprimento médio dos brotos. Observou-se que o jambeiro-rosa pode ser propagado por estacas com folhas apicais sem a utilização de AIB.

Laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis in a rural endemic area in northeastern Spain

Sera obtained from 62 patients from four mountain counties in Catalonia (Northeastern Spain), in whom brucellosis had been diagnosed on the basis of clinical evidence and/or personal history, were analyzed using the rose Bengal test, standard serum agglutination test (SAT), Coombs" test, ELISA, and complement fixation. The diagnosis was further confirmed through blood cultures. Clinical evidence, epidemiology, and the results from serologic tests were used to assign patients to one of two groups: group 1 (n = 38) patients had primary infections, whereas group 2 (n = 24) patients had been previously exposed to the microorganism, i.e. re-infection of group 2 individuals occurred after long periods of time during which no active infection by Brucella had been detected. Receivingoperating charts (ROC) were used to determine the diagnostic value of the different tests and to establish discriminant values. Blood culture was a valuable diagnostic tool in group 1 (0.92 sensitivity) but was inappropriate in group 2 (0.08). The combination of positive rose Bengal test and agglutination ≥1/160 was valid for diagnosis in group 1. In group 2, agglutination < 1/160 (including negative agglutination) did not rule out brucellosis. The combination of positive rose Bengal test and Coombs" test ≥1/320 was the best diagnostic criterion (0.8 specificity; 1 sensitivity). ELISA (for IgG, IgM, or both) did not improve diagnostic accuracy

La mécanique des langues, et l'art de les enseigner ([Reprod.]) / par M. Pluche

Collection : Archives de la linguistique française ; 320

Improving Dynamic Characteristics of Open-loop Controlled Log Crane

The improvement of the dynamics of flexible manipulators like log cranes often requires advanced control methods. This thesis discusses the vibration problems in the cranes used in commercial forestry machines. Two control methods, adaptive filtering and semi-active damping, are presented. The adaptive filter uses a part of the lowest natural frequency of the crane as a filtering frequency. The payload estimation algorithm, filtering of control signal and algorithm for calculation of the lowest natural frequency of the crane are presented. The semi-active damping method is basedon pressure feedback. The pressure vibration, scaled with suitable gain, is added to the control signal of the valve of the lift cylinder to suppress vibrations. The adaptive filter cuts off high frequency impulses coming from the operatorand semi-active damping suppresses the crane?s oscillation, which is often caused by some external disturbance. In field tests performed on the crane, a correctly tuned (25 % tuning) adaptive filter reduced pressure vibration by 14-17 % and semi-active damping correspondingly by 21-43%. Applying of these methods require auxiliary transducers, installed in specific points in the crane, and electronically controlled directional control valves.

Pineapple yield and fruit quality effected by NPK fertilization in a tropical soil

There is a lack of information about fertilization of pineapple grown in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. So a field experiment with pineapple 'Smooth Cayenne' was carried out to study the effects of NPK rates on yield and fruit quality. The trial was located on an Alfisol in the central part of the State of São Paulo (Agudos county). The experimental design was an incomplete NPK factorial, with 32 treatments set up in two blocks. The P was applied only at planting, at the rates of 0; 80; 160 and 320 kg/ha of P2 0(5), as superphosphate. The N and K2O rates were 0; 175; 350, and 700 kg/ha, applied as urea and potassium chloride, respectively, divided in four applications during the growth period. Response functions were adjusted to yield or to fruit characteristics in order to estimate the nutrient rates required to reach maximum values. The results showed quadratic effects of N and K on yield and a maximum of 72 t/ha of fresh fruit was attained with rates of 498 and 394 kg/ha, respectively of N and K2O. In order to reach the maximum fruit size, and to improve the percentage of first class fruit (mass greater than 2.6 kg), were necessary rates of N and K respectively 11 and 43 % higher than those for maximum yield. No effect of P rates was observed on pineapple plant growth, despite the low availability of this nutrient in the soil. The effect of N rates was negative on total soluble solids and total acidity while the opposite occurred with K, which increased also the content of vitamin C. High yield and fruit size were closely related to N and K concentrations in the leaves.

La decisión de endeudamiento y los factores de mayor relevancia. Una aplicación empírica en la empresa industrial española

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de los factores determinantes del endeudamiento empresarial para contrastar empíricamente la hipótesis del Pecking Order. El endeudamiento empresarial se mide junto a su madurez y para los diferentes tamaños empresariales dada la importancia de diferenciar sus posibles efectos contrapuestos o compensados. Los modelos utilizados para el contraste de hipótesis se han estimado con una muestra de 1.320 empresas manufactureras españolas proporcionada por la Encuesta sobre Estrategias Empresariales (ESEE), para el período 1993-2001. El análisis empírico aplica un modelo multivariante de regresión logística que permite concluir que la teoría del Pecking Order es la de mejor cumplimiento, además de constatarse que las empresas de menor tamaño tienen mayores dificultades de acceso a la financiación con deuda a largo plazo.

Psicofarmacología y drogodependencias. Una respuesta docente en estudiantes de medicina

Se ha diseñado una asignatura optativa y de libre elección, para estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina, de la Universitat de Lleida. El actual curso académico ha sido el cuarto que se viene realizando dicha asignatura. Por ella ha pasado cerca de 320 alumnos. Se trata de cubrir un vacío habitual en los planes de estudio para futuros médicos, ofreciendo tanto información específica sobre teoría del tema drogas, como experiencias prácticas referidas a modalidades de tratamiento, aspectos preventivos, recursos asistenciales, intervenciones mínimas, etc. La valoración de los alumnos de la experiencia ha sido excelente. Se insiste especialmente en transmitir el modelo bio- psico-social del fenómeno drogas, tanto en su vertiente originaria de la adicción, como en su aspecto terapéutico, por lo que implica el trabajo interdisciplinar entre profesionales.

El valor de uso recreativo de los espacios naturales protegidos. Una aplicación de los métodos de valoración contingente y del coste del viaje

En este articulo se presenta una aplicación de dos de las metodologías desarrolladas para medir los beneficios que se derivan del uso recreativo de los bienes ambientales en ausencia de mercado, el método del coste del viaje (MCV) y el de valoración contingente (MVC). La zona objeto de estudio ha sido el Parque Nacional de "Aigüestortes y Estany de Sant Maunici", situado en el pirineo catalán. El trabajo se ha estructurado de la forma siguiente. Tras una breve introducción, en los apartados Il y III se expone el modelo teórico de ambas metodologías de valoración, se analiza su aplicación y se comentan los principales problemas derivados de su uso. En los apartados IV y V se muestran los resultados obtenidos mediante ambas técnicas de valoración. En el apartado VI se comparan los resultados y se discuten algunos problemas metodológicos derivados de su aplicación haciendo hincapié en la sensibilidad de los mismos alas hipótesis consideradas. Finalmente el trabajo termina con unas reflexiones a modo de conclusión.

Occupational UV exposure in French outdoor workers.

OBJECTIVES: Occupational ultraviolet (UV) exposure was evaluated in a population-based sample in France. METHODS: A random survey was conducted in 2012 in individuals aged 25 to 69 years. The median daily standard erythemal UV dose (SED) was estimated from exposure time and place and matched to satellite UV records. RESULTS: A total of 889 individuals were exposed to solar UV with highest doses observed among gardeners (1.19 SED), construction workers (1.13 SED), agricultural workers (0.95 SED), and culture/art/social science workers (0.92 SED). Information and communication technology, industry, and transport workers were highly exposed (>0.70 SED). Significant factors associated with high occupational UV exposure were sex (P < 0.0001), phototype (P = 0.0003), and taking lunch outdoors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified not only expected occupations with high UV exposure but also unexpected occupations with high exposures. This could serve as a basis for future prevention.

Fauna parasitoide de Phyllonorycter spp. en plantaciones de manzano de Lleida

Se ha estudiado en 1992, 1993 y 1996 la fauna parasitaria de Phyllonorycter corylifoliella (Hübner) y de Phyllonorycter mespilella (Hübner) existente en 4 parcelas de manzano situadas en la zona frutícola de Lleida. La incidencia de estas especies fue baja en todas las parcelas estudiadas. La tasa de parasitismo alcanzó valores del 35% cuando la población larvaria de las minadoras estuvo compuesta fundamentalmente por larvas del cuarto y del quinto estadios. En general, se observó una marcada preferencia por las larvas histófagas y una proporción de sexos siempre favorable a los machos. Básicamente, se encontraron las mismas especies en los distintos años y parcelas, aunque su abundancia relativa fue diferente. Las especies más abundantes y frecuentes fueron Sympiesis gordius Walker, Sympiesis sericeicornis Nees, Sympiesis acalle Walker (Eulophidae) y Pholetesor bicolor (Nees) (Braconidae).

Des faux documents d'identité au renseignement forensique : développement d'une approche systématique et transversale du traitement de la donnée forensique à des fins de renseignement criminel

La fabrication, la distribution et l'usage de fausses pièces d'identité constituent une menace pour la sécurité autant publique que privée. Ces faux documents représentent en effet un catalyseur pour une multitude de formes de criminalité, des plus anodines aux formes les plus graves et organisées. La dimension, la complexité, la faible visibilité, ainsi que les caractères répétitif et évolutif de la fraude aux documents d'identité appellent des réponses nouvelles qui vont au-delà d'une approche traditionnelle au cas par cas ou de la stratégie du tout technologique dont la perspective historique révèle l'échec. Ces nouvelles réponses passent par un renforcement de la capacité de comprendre les problèmes criminels que posent la fraude aux documents d'identité et les phénomènes qui l'animent. Cette compréhension est tout bonnement nécessaire pour permettre d'imaginer, d'évaluer et de décider les solutions et mesures les plus appropriées. Elle requière de développer les capacités d'analyse et la fonction de renseignement criminel qui fondent en particulier les modèles d'action de sécurité les plus récents, tels que l'intelligence-led policing ou le problem-oriented policing par exemple. Dans ce contexte, le travail doctoral adopte une position originale en postulant que les fausses pièces d'identité se conçoivent utilement comme la trace matérielle ou le vestige résultant de l'activité de fabrication ou d'altération d'un document d'identité menée par les faussaires. Sur la base de ce postulat fondamental, il est avancé que l'exploitation scientifique, méthodique et systématique de ces traces au travers d'un processus de renseignement forensique permet de générer des connaissances phénoménologiques sur les formes de criminalité qui fabriquent, diffusent ou utilisent les fausses pièces d'identité, connaissances qui s'intègrent et se mettent avantageusement au service du renseignement criminel. A l'appui de l'épreuve de cette thèse de départ et de l'étude plus générale du renseignement forensique, le travail doctoral propose des définitions et des modèles. Il décrit des nouvelles méthodes de profilage et initie la constitution d'un catalogue de formes d'analyses. Il recourt également à des expérimentations et des études de cas. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que le traitement systématique de la donnée forensique apporte une contribution utile et pertinente pour le renseignement criminel stratégique, opérationnel et tactique, ou encore la criminologie. Combiné aux informations disponibles par ailleurs, le renseignement forensique produit est susceptible de soutenir l'action de sécurité dans ses dimensions répressive, proactive, préventive et de contrôle. En particulier, les méthodes de profilage des fausses pièces d'identité proposées permettent de révéler des tendances au travers de jeux de données étendus, d'analyser des modus operandi ou d'inférer une communauté ou différence de source. Ces méthodes appuient des moyens de détection et de suivi des séries, des problèmes et des phénomènes criminels qui s'intègrent dans le cadre de la veille opérationnelle. Ils permettent de regrouper par problèmes les cas isolés, de mettre en évidence les formes organisées de criminalité qui méritent le plus d'attention, ou de produire des connaissances robustes et inédites qui offrent une perception plus profonde de la criminalité. Le travail discute également les difficultés associées à la gestion de données et d'informations propres à différents niveaux de généralité, ou les difficultés relatives à l'implémentation du processus de renseignement forensique dans la pratique. Ce travail doctoral porte en premier lieu sur les fausses pièces d'identité et leur traitement par les protagonistes de l'action de sécurité. Au travers d'une démarche inductive, il procède également à une généralisation qui souligne que les observations ci-dessus ne valent pas uniquement pour le traitement systématique des fausses pièces d'identité, mais pour celui de tout type de trace dès lors qu'un profil en est extrait. Il ressort de ces travaux une définition et une compréhension plus transversales de la notion et de la fonction de renseignement forensique. The production, distribution and use of false identity documents constitute a threat to both public and private security. Fraudulent documents are a catalyser for a multitude of crimes, from the most trivial to the most serious and organised forms. The dimension, complexity, low visibility as well as the repetitive and evolving character of the production and use of false identity documents call for new solutions that go beyond the traditional case-by-case approach, or the technology-focused strategy whose failure is revealed by the historic perspective. These new solutions require to strengthen the ability to understand crime phenomena and crime problems posed by false identity documents. Such an understanding is pivotal in order to be able to imagine, evaluate and decide on the most appropriate measures and responses. Therefore, analysis capacities and crime intelligence functions, which found the most recent policing models such as intelligence-led policing or problem-oriented policing for instance, have to be developed. In this context, the doctoral research work adopts an original position by postulating that false identity documents can be usefully perceived as the material remnant resulting from the criminal activity undertook by forgers, namely the manufacture or the modification of identity documents. Based on this fundamental postulate, it is proposed that a scientific, methodical and systematic processing of these traces through a forensic intelligence approach can generate phenomenological knowledge on the forms of crime that produce, distribute and use false identity documents. Such knowledge should integrate and serve advantageously crime intelligence efforts. In support of this original thesis and of a more general study of forensic intelligence, the doctoral work proposes definitions and models. It describes new profiling methods and initiates the construction of a catalogue of analysis forms. It also leverages experimentations and case studies. Results demonstrate that the systematic processing of forensic data usefully and relevantly contributes to strategic, tactical and operational crime intelligence, and also to criminology. Combined with alternative information available, forensic intelligence may support policing in its repressive, proactive, preventive and control activities. In particular, the proposed profiling methods enable to reveal trends among extended datasets, to analyse modus operandi, or to infer that false identity documents have a common or different source. These methods support the detection and follow-up of crime series, crime problems and phenomena and therefore contribute to crime monitoring efforts. They enable to link and regroup by problems cases that were previously viewed as isolated, to highlight organised forms of crime which deserve greatest attention, and to elicit robust and novel knowledge offering a deeper perception of crime. The doctoral research work discusses also difficulties associated with the management of data and information relating to different levels of generality, or difficulties associated with the implementation in practice of the forensic intelligence process. The doctoral work focuses primarily on false identity documents and their treatment by policing stakeholders. However, through an inductive process, it makes a generalisation which underlines that observations do not only apply to false identity documents but to any kind of trace as soon as a profile is extracted. A more transversal definition and understanding of the concept and function of forensic intelligence therefore derives from the doctoral work.