943 resultados para manufacturing control system
Resumo:
Research in ruminant nutrition and helminth control with forages, which contain condensed tannins (CT), suggests that varying responses may depend not only on CT concentration but also on CT composition. An experiment was designed to test this by feeding 2 dried sainfoin cultivars (Visnovsky and Perly), which differed in CT properties, to lambs that were artificially infected with the abomasal blood-sucking nematode Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four infected lambs received one of these 2 cultivars; the feeds were either untreated or treated with the CT-binding polyethylene glycol over 4 wk (n = 6). The 2 cultivars were also fed to 2 × 6 uninfected lambs. Nutrient digestibility, N balance, ADG, plasma urea together with indicators of infection [fecal egg count (FEC), abomasal worm count, per capita female fecundity, erythrocytic indices, and serum protein] were determined. The specific effects of sainfoin cultivar, CT, and infection were evaluated by contrast analysis. Digestibility of both NDF and ADF were lower (P < 0.001) with Perly compared to Visnovsky. The apparent nutrient digestibility was reduced (P < 0.001) by CT. However, no clear cultivar effects were evident on N excretion and retention. Condensed tannins reduced (P = 0.05) body N retention and shifted (P < 0.001) N excretion from urine to feces. Unlike cultivar and CT, infection decreased (P = 0.002) ADG. Plasma urea concentration was lower (P = 0.007) in Perly- compared to Visnovsky-fed lambs and was decreased (P < 0.001) by CT. Plasma concentrations of essential and semi-essential AA were increased (P < 0.001) by CT. The groups of infected lambs did not clearly differ in abomasal worm counts and erythrocytic indicators. In the last 2 to 3 wk of the experiment, FEC was lower (P ≤ 0.01) when feeding CT. The lack of substantial cultivar effects suggests that the differences in CT properties may have been too small to result in nutritional and anthelmintic effects. The present results indicate that sainfoin CT had a mitigating effect on FEC and, consequently, pasture infectivity. However, the reduction was too low to expect any significant benefits in an Haemonchus-dominated system. Therefore, the use of sainfoin for controlling H. contortus should only be one component within an integrated worm control system.
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This thesis describes a form of non-contact measurement using two dimensional hall effect sensing to resolve the location of a moving magnet which is part of a ‘magnetic spring’ type suspension system. This work was inspired by the field of Space Robotics, which currently relies on solid link suspension techniques for rover stability. This thesis details the design, development and testing of a novel magnetic suspension system with a possible application in space and terrestrial based robotics, especially when the robot needs to traverse rough terrain. A number of algorithms were developed, to utilize experimental data from testing, that can approximate the separation between magnets in the suspension module through observation of the magnetic fields. Experimental hardware was also developed to demonstrate how two dimensional hall effect sensor arrays could provide accurate feedback, with respects to the magnetic suspension modules operation, so that future work can include the sensor array in a real-time control system to produce dynamic ride control for space robots. The research performed has proven that two dimensional hall effect sensing with respects to magnetic suspension is accurate, effective and suitable for future testing.
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The globalization of trade in fish has created many challenges for the developing world specifically with regard to food safety and quality. International organisations have established a good basis for standards in international trade. Whilst these requirements are frequently embraced by the major importers (such as Japan, the EU and the USA), they often impose additional safety requirements and regularly identify batches which fail to meet their strict standards. Creating an effective national seafood control system which meets both the internal national needs as well the requirements for the export market can be challenging. Many countries adopt a dual system where seafood products for the major export markets are subject to tight control whilst the majority of the products (whether for the local market or for more regional trade) are less tightly controlled. With regional liberalization also occurring, deciding on appropriate controls is complex. In the Sultanate of Oman, fisheries production is one of the countries' chief sources of economic revenue after oil production and is a major source of the national food supply. In this paper the structure of the fish supply chain has been analysed and highlighted the different routes operating for the different markets. Although much of the fish are consumed within Oman, there is a major export trade to the local regional markets. Much smaller quantities meet the more stringent standards imposed by the major importing countries and exports to these are limited. The paper has considered the development of the Omani fish control system including the key legislative documents and the administrative structures that have been developed. Establishing modern controls which satisfy the demands of the major importers is possible but places additional costs on businesses. Enhanced controls such as HACCP and other management standards are required but can be difficult to justify when alternative markets do not specify these. These enhanced controls do however provide additional consumer protection and can bring benefits to local consumers. The Omani government is attempting to upgrade the system of controls and has made tremendous progress toward the implementation of HACCP and introducing enhanced management systems into its industrial sector. The existence of strengthened legislative and government support, including subsidies, has encouraged some businesses to implement HACCP. The current control systems have been reviewed and a SWOT analysis approach used to identify key factors for their future development. The study shows that seafood products in the supply chain are often exposed to lengthy handling and distribution process before reaching the consumers, a typical issue faced by many developing countries. As seafood products are often perishable, they safety is compromised if not adequately controlled. The enforcement of current food safety laws in the Sultanate of Oman is shared across various government agencies. Consequently, there is a need to harmonize all regulatory requirements, enhancing the domestic food protection and to continue to work towards a fully risk-based approach in order to compete successfully in the global market.
Resumo:
This paper proposes a parallel hardware architecture for image feature detection based on the Scale Invariant Feature Transform algorithm and applied to the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping problem. The work also proposes specific hardware optimizations considered fundamental to embed such a robotic control system on-a-chip. The proposed architecture is completely stand-alone; it reads the input data directly from a CMOS image sensor and provides the results via a field-programmable gate array coupled to an embedded processor. The results may either be used directly in an on-chip application or accessed through an Ethernet connection. The system is able to detect features up to 30 frames per second (320 x 240 pixels) and has accuracy similar to a PC-based implementation. The achieved system performance is at least one order of magnitude better than a PC-based solution, a result achieved by investigating the impact of several hardware-orientated optimizations oil performance, area and accuracy.
Resumo:
When using the digital halftone proofing systems, a closer print match can be achieved compared to what earlier couldbe done with the analogue proofing systems. These proofing systems possibilities to produce accurate print match canas well lead to producing bad print matches as several print related parameters can be adjusted manually in the systemby the user. Therefore, more advanced knowledge in graphic arts technology is required by the user of the system.The prepress company Colorcraft AB wishes to control that their color proofs always have the right quality. This projectwas started with the purpose to find a quality control metod for Colorcraft´s digital halftone proofing system(Kodak Approval XP4).Using a software who supports spectral measuring combined with a spectrophotometer and a control bar, a qualitycontrol system was assembled. This system detects variations that lies out of the proofing system´s natural deviation.The prerequisite for this quality control system is that the tolerances are defined with consideration taken to the proofingsystems natural deviations. Othervise the quality control system will generate unnecessecary false alarms and thereforenot be reliable.
Resumo:
The calls urging colleges and universities to improve their productivity are coming thick and fast in Brazil. Many studies are suggesting evaluation systems and external criteria to control universities production in qualitative terms. Since universities and colleges are not profit-oriented organizations (considering just the fair and serious researching and teaching organizations, of course) the traditional microeconomics and administrative variables used to measure efficiency do not have any direct function. In this sense, It could be created a as if market control system to evaluate universities and colleges production. The budget and the allocation resources mechanism inside it can be used as an incentive instrument to improve quality and productivity. It will be the main issue of this paper.
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As demandas exigindo a melhoria da produtividade em faculdades e universidades estão surgindo dramática e rapidamente no Brasil. Muitos estudos têm sugerido sistemas de avaliação e critérios externos para controlar a produção universitária em termos quantitativos e qualitativos. Considerando-se que as universidades e faculdades não são organizações com fins lucrativos (excetuando-se, é claro, as caça-níqueis), as variáveis microeconômicas e administrativas tradicionais usadas para medir a eficiência não possuem nenhuma função direta. Nesse sentido, dever-se-ia criar um sistema de controle à la mercado (imitando o mercado) para se avaliar a produção em universidades e faculdades. O orçamento e o mecanismo de alocação de recursos contido no mesmo pode ser usado como um mecanismo de incentivo para melhorar a qualidade e a produtividade. Esse será o principal tema deste artigo.
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The present work aims to identify emerging organizational changes in the Court of Accounts of the State of Rio de Janeiro - TCE/RJ that are happening in the contemporary scenery known as the Age of Information. The search for the comprehension of the institutional dynamics is oriented by concepts originated from the theory of complexity, which believe that the public services external control system can be understood in a political, technical and legal environment with growing levels of learning and innovation. While chasing the possible causes of these changes, we try to prove the hypothesis that the TCE/RJ is turning into a more transparent organization. For this purpose, we define the outlines and reaches of the principle of transparency, based in bibliographical and documental researches, and analyze the phenomenon perceived in a explanation research through semi-structured interviews performed with two groups: a sample representing the universe under jurisdiction entities top level directors and the other obtained in the universe of formal and informal leaderships existing in the educational body of the institution. The conclusion of the present work confirms the initial questions, indicating that the organization is really becoming more and more transparent. The social-technical changes that are happening today at the TCE/RJ are caused by the growing social pressure for more effective results in the control of public expenditures. Under the systemic point of view, we observe cracks in the protective bell-glass that evolves the institution - previously hermetic to the external contingencies and that works today as a SAC - Adaptive Complex System. Aspects such as organization structural changes, the introduction of strategic planning and the growing democratization of the decision process are producing a new organizational culture. The seniority of the Technical Headcount contributes to establish the pre-conditions for the development of a administration where the participation of the TCE/RJ technical employees adds importance to its development as an institution that generates republican effects in the society from its less hermetic decision process.
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The purpose of this study is to identify the strategic vision of the Internal Audit Department of Petrel Brasileiro S.A. PETROBRAS, in comparison with the audit function's proposals and practices in competitive organizations and their reality. It also aims at the verification of the possible solutions, within Petrobras itself, so as to constantly add value to the business and to the shareholders. With this in mind, a research was carried out, contemplating the conceptual proposals and market practices related to auditing and to the current diagnosis and the organizational model of Petrobras, so as to choose elements for comparison and analysis of such vision. The results of this research pointed in the direction of questioning the organizational value of the internal audit action, concluding that it will only be possible to continuously attain such value by means of a permanent coordination with the organization's strategic level. This is especially true if the audit action participates effectively in the process of Corporate Governance, in defining the risks, the internal control system and the measurement of corporate performance, as related to the development of the strategic plan. However, any action along these lines is still heavily impacted and limited by several aspects of culture and relationship of the organizational power as well as by the beliefs of the organization and of the body of auditors. The involvement of the auditors as employees was also considered relevant in the auditing process, by means of the participation of the audited entities in self assessment2. This procedure is still not sufficiently guaranteed by successful experiments in major organizations, considering that there is not a clear demonstration of the effective benefits of adopting this practice, as ompared to the central control, seldom shared but strongly monitored by integrated information systems. Finally, this research points to the need to renew the concept of the formation and role of the auditors in modern competitive organizations, in the face of information technology and of automation of the instrument controls of the business. Therefore, one may conclude that the trend will be toward an action aiming at the revision of formal internal control matrixes, as they are established in such systems. On the other hand, the majority of audit human resources will be increasingly deployed to the evaluation of risk and control, as related to relevant events of a more abstract nature, as in the case of those connected with the uncontrollable factors of the external environment.
Resumo:
The crisis that affected the capitalist states during the last decade of the 20th century, put an end to the period of greatest expansion of the state, demanding alterations that brought, especially in economic terms, the ideals of the liberal state. The main goal of these changes was to optimize the administration of the public service by introducing into it more efficiency, transparency, and morality because the state had shown to be incapable of attending the demands of the society and its way of doing was inefficient and did not reach out to the public interest. In Brazil, like in other part of the world, recent scandals of corruption and misuse of public funds put in doubt the efficiency of the financial control system. Like any other political system Brazil has a complex set of external and internal control, institutions that work to prevent misuse of public funds and identify responsibilities if bad use occurred. All these elements highlight the mechanisms of control of the public administration, which came to be seen as essential instruments for the improvement of the management of the public resources, targeting the collective interest. Therefore, along with the traditional mechanisms of power suppression, such as the system of checks and balances, social control arises. This, when used together with the monitoring exercised by public inspection agencies, is defined as horizontal accountability activated by civil society, in which citizens and institutions gather efforts in order to promote a more effective charge of responsibility from public agents and politicians in case of misconducts. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and limitations of social control exercised by the complaint under the TCE-RJ. The results point to the need to develop measures to guarantee the anonymity of denouncers, to simplify the forms of access the TCE-RJ and to improve information spread to the citizen.
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The work is to undertake a review of the control system's internal disciplinary Military Police of Amazonas (PMAM) as a way to identify factors that deserve to be modified or improved before the current social situation that is presented to our Public Military Force. For this purpose discussing the elements motivating and purpose of disciplinary punishment to the question 'Why punish?'. Then were the legal aspects of legal and disciplinary reprimand the legislation in force. It was subsequently approached the concept of police activity in Brazil and its peculiarities, moving then to examine the main figures of our state correctional compared with other states of the country. Before closing, we analyze the data Search Field watching the view of commanders and commanded the respect of the disciplinary system now in military force.
Resumo:
As organizações estão se conscientizando que a mudança decorrente da transição de estruturas tradicionais para funcionais, da implementação de estruturas, assim como da união de culturas organizacionais, está repleta de riscos. Esta mudança vem em decorrência de downsizing, fusões, incorporações, cisões, joint ventures, entre outras alternativas administrativas, societárias e comerciais praticadas. Com a necessidade de adaptar rapidamente o negócio às exigências externas, os riscos, muitas vezes, não são analisados ou o são superficial ou parcialmente, resultando na elevação dos mesmos e expondo os processos de negócios a potenciais fraudes. O ambiente de controle do negócio tem se mostrado uma área de preocupação, principalmente nos momentos de transição estrutural e organizacional, pelo desconhecimento conceitual do risco e da importância do controle, como também pela forma de implementação das mudanças. Verifica-se também que há empresas, normalmente as grandes, que possuem um sistema estruturado de controles implementado e outras, normalmente as médias e pequenas, que não o possuem, onde, de acordo com pesquisas realizadas, encontra-se um maior número de fraudes, que, proporcionalmente ao seu patrimônio, representa uma perda substancial aos seus negócios. Este estudo objetiva abordar a evidência de contribuição de um sistema estruturado de controle para a minimização de ocorrência de fraudes nas organizações.
Resumo:
Esta tese é um estudo de caso sobre a criação da Secretaria Federal de Controle Interno (SFC) do Executivo federal e das suas atividades como órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas. Através da análise de depoimentos e de documentos oficiais foi possível demonstrar que: a) a atividade de monitoramento sobre a execução das políticas federais existe, b) que ela é desempenhada por um órgão ¿ a SFC - criado recentemente e que é fruto de uma ampla reforma do sistema de controle interno do Executivo federal, e c) que essa atividade representa um recurso de poder do governo federal para controlar a direção da burocracia federal e a distribuição de poder na coalizão de governo. As principais contribuições desta tese são: 1) demonstrou como e em quais condições o monitoramento das políticas públicas se caracteriza como uma das formas do controle político sobre a burocracia, 2) analisou a construção institucional da SFC enquanto um recurso de poder do governo federal em face da burocracia e da coalizão de governo, 3) realizou um estudo inédito do órgão de monitoramento da execução das políticas públicas no Executivo federal, e 4) apontou os desdobramentos da atuação da SFC do ponto de vista do funcionamento do sistema político, levantando novas hipóteses e perspectivas de trabalho.
Resumo:
Esta tese procura discutir a atualidade do paternalismo enquanto traço cultural das organizações brasileiras. Resgatando as raízes culturais brasileiras e apoiando-se em trabalhos de fundamentação antropológica, sociológica e psicanalítica, estabelece uma hipótese central de que o paternalismo possa ser encontrado hoje, no Brasil, tanto em empresas pequenas, onde predomina o controle de tipo paterno, quanto em empresas maiores e mais complexas, com tendência ao desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle de tipo materno, onde o paternalismo daria origem a uma versão abrasileirada deste. Pesquisa de campo de cunho etnográfico, realizada em três empresas de portes distintos do Pólo Têxtil de Americana-SP, mostrou indícios favoráveis à hipótese central, apresentando, todavia, importantes peculiaridades que, ao passo que permitem refiná-la, indicam trilhas para novos estudos. Na empresa de menor porte e complexidade, o paternalismo mostrou-se da maneira mais conhecida, nas práticas ora carinhosas, ora severas dos diretores da empresa. Nas empresas mais complexas, pudemos notar a expressão da ação dos pais que regulam o gozo dos filhos. A face protetora e a face violenta se revelam na medida em que se dá ou se restringe acesso ao amor da mãe. Nos três casos estudados, o paternalismo aparece com sua face afetiva predominado significativamente em relação à face violenta, o que parece ser elemento associado ao sucesso experimentado por tais empresas.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação estuda os sistemas de controle de vendas praticados pela indústria têxtil brasileira diante das mudanças ambientais ocorridas nas últimas duas décadas. O pressuposto básico para a utilização de sistemas de controle para a equipe de vendas é que através deles é possível dirigir e influenciar as atitudes e os comportamentos dos empregados para conseguir atingir seus objetivos, havendo uma estreita relação entre a forma como a gerência comercial monitora, dirige, avalia e recompensa as atividades dos seus vendedores e a efetividade da área comercial, sendo diferenciais decisivos para atender a pressão por competitividade e as exigências do mercado quanto ao posicionamento da equipe comercial frente ao novo cenário de negócios. Da revisão teórica foram levantados os oito principais modelos de sistemas de controle e aspectos importantes que devem ser considerados para a composição do sistema de cada empresa. A pesquisa foi conduzida entre os responsáveis por equipes de vendas no segmento têxtil nos elos onde vendas industriais são realizadas. Empregaram-se técnicas empíricas para o levantamento das freqüências de incidência dos aspectos estudados e foi possível constatar que os elos de fibras e filamentos, fiação, tecelagem, malharia e beneficiamento do segmento têxtil possuem sistemas de controle pertinentes com as características de venda industrial. Os controles formais estão ligados a resultados e os controles informais estão relacionados com o acompanhamento das atividades e capacidades do vendedor. Adicionalmente buscou-se captar a percepção dos responsáveis por equipes comerciais sobre sua efetividade nos aspectos de volume de vendas, lucratividade, participação de mercado e também satisfação do cliente.