Converter-Fed Induction Motor Losses: Determination With IEC Methods

Energy efficiency is an important topic when considering electric motor drives market. Although more efficient electric motor types are available, the induction motor remains as the most common industrial motor type. IEC methods for determining losses and efficiency of converter-fed induction motors were introduced recently with the release of technical specification IEC/TS 60034-2-3. Determining the induction motor losses with IEC/TS 60034-2-3 method 2-3-A and assessing the practical applicability of the method are the main interests of this study. The method 2-3-A introduces a specific test converter waveform to be used in the measurements. Differences between the induction motor losses with a test converter supply, and with a DTC converter supply are investigated. In the IEC methods, the tests are run at motor rated fundamental voltage, which, in practice, requires the frequency converter to be fed with a risen input voltage. In this study, the tests are run on both frequency converters with artificially risen converter input voltage, resulting in rated motor fundamental input voltage as required by IEC. For comparison, the tests are run with both converters on normal grid input voltage supply, which results in lower motor fundamental voltage and reduced flux level, but should be more relevant from practical point of view. According to IEC method 2-3-A, tests are run at rated motor load, and to ensure comparability of the results, the rated load is used in the grid-fed converter measurements, although motor is overloaded while producing the rated torque at reduced flux level. The IEC 2-3-A method requires also sinusoidal supply test results with IEC method 2-1-1B. Therefore, the induction motor losses with the recently updated IEC 60034-2-1 method 2-1-1B are determined at the motor rated voltage, but also at two lower motor voltages, which are according to the output fundamental voltages of the two network-supplied converters. The method 2-3-A was found to be complex to apply but the results were stable. According to the results, the method 2-3-A and the test converter supply are usable for comparing losses and efficiency of different induction motors at the operating point of rated voltage, rated frequency and rated load, but the measurements do not give any prediction of the motor losses at final application. One might therefore strongly criticize the method’s main principles. It seems, that the release of IEC 60034-2-3 as a technical specification instead of a final standard for now was justified, since the practical relevance of the main method is questionable.

Density and rheological parameters of goat milk

The rheological behavior and density of goat milk was studied as a function of solids concentration (10.5 to 50.0%) and temperature (273 to 331 k). Newtonian behavior was observed for values of total solids (TS) between 10.5 and 22.0% and temperatures from 276 to 331 k changing to pseudoplastic behavior without yield stress for TS from 25.0 to 39.4% at the same range of temperature. Goat milk with TS between 44.3 to 50.0% and temperatures of 273 to 296 k showed yield stress in addition to pseudoplastic behavior. At 303 to 331 k the power law model was observed again, without yield stress. The density of goat milk ranged from 991.7 to 1232.4 kg.m-3.

Interdependence of Macroeconomics Variables, Stock Market Returns and Stock Market Volatility in Latin America

This thesis examines the interdependence of macroeconomic variables, stock market returns and stock market volatility in Latin America between 2000 and 2015. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru were chosen as the sample markets, while inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, money supply, oil and gold were chosen as the sample macroeconomic variables. Bivariate VAR (1) model was applied to examine the mean return spillovers between the variables, whereas GARCH (1, 1) – BEKK model was applied to capture the volatility spillovers. The sample was divided into two smaller sub-periods, where the first sub-period covers from 2000 to 2007, and the second sub-period covers from 2007 to 2015. The empirical results report significant shock transmissions and volatility spillovers between inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, money supply, gold, oil and the selected markets, which suggests interdependence between the variables.

Krimin tataarit historian tekijöinä ja kohteina

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Tratamento fungicida em semente de milho super-doce

Neste trabalho, procurou-se avaliar a influência do tratamento fungicida no potencial fisiológico e na sanidade de sementes de milho híbrido super-doce DO-04, separadas por diferenças quanto ao formato. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 4, compreendendo dois formatos de semente (retidas em peneira 15 x ¾", representando as sementes arredondadas, e em peneira 20, representando as achatadas), três lotes e quatro tratamentos fungicidas (testemunha, Fludioxonil, Captan TS + Thiabendazol e Captan TS + Thiram PS). Avaliaram-se a germinação, o vigor (velocidade de germinação, teste de frio e envelhecimento acelerado) e a sanidade de semente. Foi verificado que as sementes arredondadas de milho híbrido super-doce DO-04 apresentam germinação e vigor mais elevados, em comparação às achatadas; os tratamentos fungicidas favorecem o vigor, sendo as combinações Captan + Thiabendazol e Captan + Thiram eficientes para o controle de F. moniliforme, Cephalosporium sp. e Penicillium sp..

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas com inseticidas sob efeito do armazenamento

Dentre os conceitos modernos de controle de pragas, o uso de inseticidas no tratamento de sementes constitui-se num dos métodos mais eficientes. Deve-se, entretanto, conhecer a influência desses produtos com relação à qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas. Objetivou-se através desta pesquisa avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas com inseticidas, sob quatro períodos de armazenamento (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o tratamento). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 7, com quatro repetições, onde as sementes do cultivar M-SOY 6101 foram tratadas com os inseticidas thiamethoxam (Cruiser 700 WS), na dose de 250 mL de produto comercial (p.c.)/100 kg de sementes; fipronil (Standak), na dose de 150 mL de p.c./100 kg de sementes; imidacloprid (Gaucho FS), na dose de 150 ml de p.c./100 kg de sementes; [imidacloprid + thiodicarb] (CropStar FS), na dose de 0,3 L. ha-1; carbofuran (Furadan 350 TS), na dose de 1,5 L/100 kg de sementes; acefato (Orthene 750 BR), na dose de 1 kg/ 100 kg de sementes e uma testemunha, sem tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação, velocidade de emergência, comprimento de raiz e de plântula e porcentagem de plântulas normais no teste de envelhecimento acelerado. A aplicação dos inseticidas carbofuran e acefato é prejudicial à qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja cultivar M-SOY 6101, por um período de armazenamento de até 45 dias. A redução da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, condicionada pelos inseticidas avaliados, intensifica-se com o prolongamento do armazenamento das sementes tratadas, recomendando-se, portanto, que o tratamento inseticida das sementes seja realizado próximo ao momento da semeadura.

Recobrimento de sementes de cenoura osmocondicionadas

A produção de hortaliças desempenha um papel de grande importância socioeconômica, pois emprega uma grande quantidade de mão-de-obra .O objetivo no trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho fisiológico de sementes de cenoura após osmocondicionamento, tratamento com fungicida e recobrimento com polímero. Foram utilizadas sementes de cenoura, cv. Brazlândia, fornecidas pela Hortec, Bagé/RS, submetidas ao condicionamento osmótico com solução aerada de polietilenoglicol (PEG 6000) a -0,8 MPa por um período de 10 horas. A seguir as sementes foram lavadas com água destilada e submetidas à secagem em estufa com circulação de ar até atingirem a umidade de 7%. As sementes foram tratadas com o fungicida Captan 750 TS® (750 g i.a.) na dose de 0,2% e recobertas com o polímero Colorseed® na dose de 50 mL.kg-1. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: sem osmocondicionamentos (SO), com osmocondicionamento (CO), sem polímero (SP), com polímero (CP), sem fungicida (SF) e com fungicida (CF), constituindo as seguintes combinações: 1) SO SP SF, 2) SO CP SF, 3) SO SP CF, 4) SO CP CF, 5) CO SP SF, 6) CO CP SF, 7) CO SP CF e 8) CO SP CF. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação, frio, envelhecimento acelerado modificado, emergência em casa de vegetação, índices de velocidade de germinação e emergência, comprimento de plântula e fitomassa fresca e seca da planta. O delineamento experimental foi completamente casualizado em fatorial 2 (com e sem osmocondicionamento) x 4 (tratamentos de recobrimento), com quatro repetições e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan no nível de 5% de significância. Conclui-se que o osmocondicionamento de sementes de cenoura favorece as velocidades de germinação e de emergência das plântulas; o uso de polímero e fungicida em sementes de cenoura osmocondicionadas não afetam negativamente o vigor das plântulas; independentemente do recobrimento e/ou tratamento com fungicida sementes osmocondicionadas apresentam desempenho superior.

Computational Market Dynamics of Virtual Economies

The last two decades have provided a vast opportunity to live and explore the compulsive imaginary world or virtual world through massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs). MMORPG gives a wide range of opportunities to its users to participate with multi-players on the same platform, to communicate and to do real time actions. There is a virtual economy in these games which is largely player-driven. In-game currency provides its users to build up their Avatars, to buy or sell the necessary goods to play, survive in the games and so on. As a part of virtual economies generated through EVE Online, this thesis mainly focuses on how the prices of the minerals in EVE Online behave by applying the Jabłonska- Capasso-Morale (JCM) mathematical simulation model. It is to verify up to what degree the model can reproduce the virtual economy behavior. The model is applied to buy and sell prices of two minerals namely, isogen and morphite. The simulation results demonstrate that JCM model ts reasonably well to the mineral prices, which lets us conclude that virtual economies behave similarly to the real ones.

Markkinointiautomaation hyödyntäminen arvon luonnissa B2B-asiakkaalle

Internetin yleistymisen myötä asiakkaat ovat pystyneet vertailemaan tuotteita ja jakamaan kokemuksia monipuolisemmin ja helpommin useamman ihmisen kanssa, mikä on johtanut asiakaskilpailukentän kiristymiseen. Tämän vuoksi suhdemarkkinointi on kasvattanut merkitystään erityisesti B2B-liiketoiminnassa, sillä sen on todettu olevan yksi parhaista keinoista pitää asiakkaat itsellään. Suhdemarkkinoinnissa viimekätinen lopputulema ei ole pelkkä palvelu vaan asiakaskokemus ja arvon kokeminen. Samaan aikaan useat itsenäiset ostajat vaativat yrityksen kanssa relevanttia, persoonallista keskustelua, joka tukee heidän omaa hetkeään ostoprosessissa. Jos yritykset eivät tätä tarjoa, asiakkaat luultavasti lopettavat viestinnän vastaanottamisen. Yritysten ongelmaksi syntyy miten usealle asiakkaalle pystytään pitämään yllä samanaikaisesti relevanttia keskustelua, joka johtaisi arvon luomiseen. Tutkielman tarkoitus on tarkastella markkinointiautomaatiota ja sen roolia ja käyttökelpoisuutta B2B-asiakasarvonluonnissa Tutkimus on rakennettu käyttäen teoreettisena taustana/viitekehyksenä CRM- ja asiakasarvokäsitteellistyksiä sekä markkinointiautomaation osalta markkinoinnin muutosta, asiakastiedonhallintaa ja markkinointiautomaatiota yleisemmin, joiden avulla rakennetaan myös markkinointiautomaation strategista näkökulmaa. Markkinointiautomaation taktisempi näkökulma käsitellään syvällisemmin tutkimuksen empiirisessä osiossa. Tutkimus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tapaustutkimuksena. Tutkimus rakentuu käsittelemällä markkinointiautomaation eri osa-alueita hyödyntämällä markkinointiautomaatiojärjestelmää, jonka toimintoja kuvaamalla yksityiskohtaisesti syntyi aineisto. Aineisto on rakennettu myös selventämään lukijalle markkinointiautomaation toimintoja, sillä sitä ei ole vielä laajasti tieteellisesti tutkittu. Tapaustutkimus kirjoitetaan auki aloittamalla aineiston esittelyllä, josta seuraa analyysi mitä, miten ja miksi arvon osa-alueita tietyissä markkinointiautomaation osa-alueessa toteutuu. Markkinointiautomaatio tarjoaa mahdollisuuksia arvon luontiin ja arvon yhteisluontiin asiakkaan kanssa monipuolisesti sen eri osissa ja niiden yhteistoiminnalla. Markkinointiautomaation vahvuus arvon luojana on asiakkaista oppiminen, markkinoinnin räätälöinti eri asiakkaille samanaikaisesti ja asiakassuhteen kehittäminen. Markkinointiautomaatiolla pystytään luomaan arvoa lyhyellä aikavälillä, mutta pidemmällä aikavälillä tarvitaan myös muiden liiketoimintaosa-alueiden panostusta, ts. markkinointiautomaatio ei yksinään riitä. Markkinointiautomaatio oikein toteutettuna tarjoaa parempia mahdollisuuksia tuotekehittelylle ja palveluiden parantamiselle sekä auttaa luomaan ostoon valmiita asiakkaita ja laskemaan markkinoinnin kustannuksia.

Recueil de pièces originales et de copies de pièces.

Contient : 1 Procuration délivrée par « NICOLAS DE PELLEVE, evesque d'Amyens », à « Nicolas Griveau, doyen et chanoyne » de N.-D. d'Amiens, chargé de représenter les intérêts tant spirituels que temporels de son diocèse dans les assemblées des trois États. « A Amyens, ce vingte sixiesme jour de may mil cinq cens soixante et ung » ; 2 « Copie de syndicat passé par tous les clergez de France aux chancelier de l'eglise de Paris, maistre Anthoine Du Vivier, et doyen et chanoyne de l'eglise d'Amyens, Nicolas Griveau », pour empêcher tout ce qui pourrait « prejudicier aux droitz, franchises, libertez, exemptions, immunitez, previlleiges et prerogative de toute l'eglise gallicane... Poissy, le mercredy treziesme jour d'aoust mil cinq cens soixante et ung ». Copie ; 3 « Proces verbal » des conclusions des députés « du clergé de France, touchant la subvention demandée par le roy [Charles IX] pour le rachat du dommaine dudict seigneur... Poissy », août 1561. Copie ; 4 « Acte des remonstranses faictes » par « Me NICOLLE GRIVEAU,... aux deputez des clergez de France », à l'effet d'obtenir que « le clergé du diocese d'Amians », quant à la subvention demandée par le roi Charles IX, ne fût « contribuable en telle portion et quottité que les aultres dioceses ». Poissy, 26 août 1561 ; 5 « Acte de iteratives remonstrances faictes pour le clergé d'Amyans », relativement à ladite subvention. Copie ; 6 « Lectre presentée à la royne » Catherine de Médicis par « THEODORE DE BESZE », pour expliquer « une parolle » qu'il avait prononcée « sur la matiere du sainct sacrement de la cene ». Poissy, 10 septembre 1561. Copie ; 7 « Les Poinctz de la remonstrance faicte par Baize », paroles prononcées par TH. DE BEZE, à l'ouverture du colloque de Poissy. 9 sept. 1561. Copie ; 8 « Discours du colloque des catholiques et ministres de Calvin, faict à Poissy, au mois de septembre mil cinq cens soixante et ung ». Copie ; 9 « Deliberation ou advis sur quatre poinctz necessaires à remonstrer au roy par les syndicz des clergez de France et les catholicques deputez par les villes d'icelle, joinctz avecques eulx pour l'entretien pacifique de la religion chrestienne et de l'estat des ecclesiasticques... Poinctz remonstrez au concile provintial de Rems ». 1564. Copie ; 10 « Remonstranses au roy des eclesiasticques » présents au colloque de Poissy. 17 septembre 1561. Copie ; 11 « Remonstranses, en latin, faictes par [NICOLAS GRIVEAU] au concile provintial [de Reims] et baillées en forme de memoyres à iceluy ». 1564. Copie ; 12 « Response faicte par [NICOLAS] GRIVEAU, syndic » du clergé, « aux articles proposez à Poissy par Besze et ses adherentz ». Copie. 14 septembre 1561 ; 13 « Remonstrances faictes par [NICOLAS GRIVEAU], deputé de monseigneur le cardinal de Lorreyne, archevesque metropolitain de Reims, à messieurs les deputez du roy tres chrestien et catholique, sur la division des biens des evesque, dignitez, chanoynes et chapitre de l'eglise de Therouenne, pour satisfaire à l'intervention accordée audict seigneur cardinal, archevesque de Reims, par l'article du traicté de paix faisant mention du faict de Therouenne ». 1559. Copie ; 14 « Proces verbal touchant ceulx qui, suspectez de mauvaises doctrines, ont faict confession de foy par devant Nicolas Griveau, en la ville d'Amyans, come vicaire de l'evesque ». Du 6 au 17 juillet 1562 ; 15 « Remonstrances faictes au roy [Charles IX], au nom de ceulx du clergé, pour revocquer les presches qui se font au royaulme, conformement aux sectes de Luther, Calvin et aultres heretiques... mises au greffe du conseil du roy par les syndictz ». Vers 1561. Copie ; 16 « Copie des offres et modifications faictes par le clergé de France », relativement aux subsides demandés par le roi Charles IX. 1561. Copie ; 17 « Remonstranses particulieres au roy [Charles IX] pour le clergé du gouvernement de Picardie », touchant le même objet. 1561. Copie ; 18 « Response » de « la congregation des arcevesques et evesques assemblez à Poissy... sur ung escript contenant une confession de Theodore de Beze et ses adherans, de ce qu'ilz sentent touchant le St sacrement de l'hautel ». Septembre 1561. Copie ; 19 « Requeste presentée par [NICOLAS GRIVEAU], syndic » du clergé de France, aux « evesques estants à Poyssy ». Protestation contre les complaisances dont on usait à l'égard des hérétiques. Septembre 1561. Copie ; 20 Articles contre les protestañ???ts et pour la réformation du clergé. Copie ; 21 Original du n° 17 ; 22 Même pièce qu'au n° 19 ; 23 Même pièce qu'au n° 12 ; 24 Même pièce, mais plus développée que celle portée au n° 18 ; 25 « Requeste presentée au conseil du roy pour tous les clergez de France, touchant les exemptions ». 21 août 1561. Copie ; 26 « Dernier Advis remonstré à messrs les cardinaulx et evesques, touchant le faict de la subvention, par le doyan d'Amyans à ce deputé par les deputez des clergez ». Copie ; 27 Même pièce qu'au n° 20 ; 28 « Canons du concile national tenu à Poyssy ». 14 octobre 1561. En latin. Copie

Boletín Bogotá exporta No. 25 - Julio de 2011

Gestión del conocimiento

Electrical properties of some single crystal dodecaborides /|nby Jyoti Burte. -- 260 St. Catharines [Ont. : s. n.],

PreVi011.3 ':i or~ : indicat e('. tk~t ho t~)rE's sed ~-Al B 12 1i~2, ~' a semiconductor. r:Toreove r , the s i mpl.(~ electronic t heory also indi cates that ~ -AIB1 2 should be a semico nductor, since thf're is one nonbonding e 'Le ctrofl per AlB12- uni t. JPor these reasons, we decided to measure t he electrical n ropert i ~ s of ~ -AlB1 2 single crystal s . Singl e crystal s of¥- AIB 12 ab ou t 1 x 1 r1n1 . size were grown from a copper mel t at 12500 C. The melt technique coupled. 1,vi th slow cooling vilas used because of i ts advantages such as : siTYInle set- up of the expe rimon t ; only e ;l.sil y available c hemi cals are required and it i s a c omparatively strair::bt forvvard y,le t hod still yielding crystal s big enouGh for OtU' purpose . Copper rms used as a solvent , i nst8ad of previOl.wly used aluminum , because it allows c.l.'ystal growth at hig he r t emneratures. HovlGver, the cry s tals of ] -AlB12 shm'red very hi gh res i s t ance a t r oom temperature . From our neasureJ'lents we conclude that the r esistivity of j3- Al B12 is, at least, given as ~ = 4. x 107 oblD .em •• Those results are inc ons i s t ent wi 'uh the ones .. reported by IIiss Khin fo r bot- pressed j3-AlB12 g i ven a s = 7600 ohm . em . or I e s s . ' Since tbe hot pressing was done at about 800 - ' 9000C i n ~ rap hi te moul ds 1,7i th 97% AlB12- p oVJder, vie thi nk there is pas s ib i 1 i ty th a.t lower borides or borot] carbide are , being formed, ':.Jhich are k11 own to be good semiconductors . v7e tried to ro-pe r-AlB12 by addi'J,'?: agents s uch as l:Ig , IG.-InO 4. ' HgS04 , KI12PO 4·' etc. to t he melt .. However , all these re age 11 t eel either reduced the yield and size of t lJe crystals or r;ave crystals of high r esis'can ce again. We think tba t molten copper keeps t he i mpurities off . There is also a pos s i bil i ty t hc:!,t these doping agents get oxidi~::;ed at '1 250°C • Hence, we co ~ clud e that J -AIB12 has v~ ry high r es i stance at r oom temperature . This was a l s o C011 - fi rmed by checki ng the siYlgle and. polycrystals of .~-AIB12 from Norton Co., Ontario and Cooper Nletallurgical Association. Boron carbide has been reported to be a semiconductor with ~ - 0.3 to 0.8 ohm . cm. for hotpres sed s araples. Boron carbide b e inq: struct urally related to ¥-AIB12 , we de cided to study the electrical prone rties of it~ Single crystals. These crystals were cut from a Single melt grovvn crystal a t Norton Co., Ontario. The resistivity of th," se crystal s was measured by the Van der Pam-v' s ~ nethod, which \vas very c onvenient fo r our crystal sha-pp.s. Some of the crystals showed resistivity ~ == 0.50 ob,Tn.cr] . i n agreement with the previously reported results . However , a few crystals showed lower resistivity e.g . 0 .13 and 0.20 ohm.cra • • The Hall mobility could .not be measured and th8reiore i s lower than 0 .16 em 2 v - 1 sec -1 • This is in agreement \vith t he re1)orted Hall mobility for pyrolytic boron . _ 2 -1 -1 carbide as 0.13 cm v sec • We also studied the orientation of the boron carbide crystals by the Jjaue-method. The inclination of c-axis with res pect to x-ray be81Il was det ermined . This was found to be 100 t o 20° f or normal resistivity sarnples (0.5 ohm . cm.) and 27 - 30° for t he lower r esistivity samples (0.1 ~5 to 0.20 ohm.cm .). This indica tes the possibility that th.e r es if.1tivity of B13C3 i s orientation dependent.

Petrography, geochemistry and structure of the Timmins area, Ontario

Regional structural analysis of the Timmins area indicates four major periods of tectonic deformation. The DI deformation is characterized by a series of isoclinal FI folds which are outlined in the study area by bedding, pillow tops and variolitic flows. The D2 deformation developed the Porcupine Syncline and refolded the Fl folds about a NE. axis. A pervasive S2 foliation developed during low grade (greenschist) regional metamorphism associated with the D2 deformation. The S2 foliation developed south of the Destor-Porcupine Break. The third phase of tectonic D3 deformation is recognized by the development of a S3 sub-horizontal crenulation cleavage which developed on the plane of the S2 foliation. No meso scopic folds are associated with this deformation. The 8 3 crenulation cleavage is observed south of the Destor-Porcupine Break. The D4 tectonic deformation is recorded as a subvertical S4 crenulation cleavage which developed on the plane of the S2 foliation and also offsets the S3 crenulation cleavage. Macroscopic F4 folds have refolded the F2 axial plane. No metamorphic recrystallization is associated with this deformation. The S4 crenulation cleavage is observed south of the Destor-Porcupine Break. Petrographic evidence indicates that the Timmins area has been subjected to pervasive regional low grade (greenschist) metamorphism which has recrystallized the original mineralogy. South of the study are~ the Donut Lake ultramafic lavas have been subjected to contact medium grade (amphibolite facies) metamorphism associated with the intrusion of the Peterlong Lake Complex. The Archean volcanic rocks of the Timmins area have been subdivided into komatiitic, tholeiitic and calcalkaline suites based on Zr, Ti0 2 and Ni. The three elements were used because of their r e lative immobility during subsequent metamorphic events. Geochemical observations in the Timmins area indicates that the composition of the Goose Lake and Donut Lake Formations are a series of peridotitic, pyroxenitic and basaltic komatiites. The Lower Schumacher Formation is a sequence of basaltic komatiites while the upper part of the Lower Schumacher Formation is an intercalated sequence of basaltic komatiites and low Ti0 2 tholeiites. The variolitic flows are felsic tholeiites in composition and geochemical evidenc e sugg ests that they developed as a n immiscible splitting of a tholeiitic magma. The Upper Schumacher Formation is a sequence of tholeiitic rocks dis p laying a mild iron enrichment. The Krist and Boomerang Formations are the felsic calc-alkaline rocks of the study area which are characteristically pyroclastic. The Redstone Fo rmation is dominantly a calc-alkali ne sequence of volcani c rocks whose minor mafic end me mbers exposed in 1t.he study hav e basaltic komatiitic compositions. Geochemical evidence sugges ts that the Keewatin-type se dimentary rocks have a composition similar to a quartz diorite or a granodiorite. Fi e l d obs ervations and petrographic evidence suggests that they were derived fr om a distal source and now repr esent i n part a turbidite sequence. The Timiskaming-type sedimentary rocks approach the c omp osi t ion of the felsic calc-alkaline rocks of the study area . The basal conglomerate in the study are a sugge s ts that th e uni t was derived fr om a proximal source. Petrographic and ge ochemical evidence suggests that the peridotitic and pyroxenitic komatiites originated as a 35-55% partial melt within the mantle, in excess of 100 Km. depth. The melt ros e as a diapir with the subsequent effusion of the ultramafic lavas, The basaltic komatiites and tholeiitic rocks originated in the mantle from lesser degrees of partial melting and fractionated in low pressure chambers. Geochemical evidence suggests a "genetic link" between the basaltic komatiites and tholeiites, The calc-alkaline rocks developed as a result of the increa.se In PO in the magma chamber. The felsic calcalkaline rocks are a late stage effusion possibly the last major volcanic eruptions in the area.