On the efficiency and sensitivity of a pyramidal classification algorithm

In this paper we propose a Pyramidal Classification Algorithm,which together with an appropriate aggregation index producesan indexed pseudo-hierarchy (in the strict sense) withoutinversions nor crossings. The computer implementation of thealgorithm makes it possible to carry out some simulation testsby Monte Carlo methods in order to study the efficiency andsensitivity of the pyramidal methods of the Maximum, Minimumand UPGMA. The results shown in this paper may help to choosebetween the three classification methods proposed, in order toobtain the classification that best fits the original structureof the population, provided we have an a priori informationconcerning this structure.

Differentiation of focal liver lesions: usefulness of parametric imaging with contrast-enhanced US.

Purpose: To evaluate whether parametric imaging with contrast material-enhanced ultrasonography (US) is superior to visual assessment for the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions (FLLs). Materials and Methods: This study had institutional review board approval, and verbal patient informed consent was obtained. Between August 2005 and October 2008, 146 FLLs in 145 patients (63 women, 82 men; mean age, 62.5 years; age range, 22-89 years) were imaged with real-time low-mechanical-index contrast-enhanced US after a bolus injection of 2.4 mL of a second-generation contrast agent. Clips showing contrast agent uptake kinetics (including arterial, portal, and late phases) were recorded and subsequently analyzed off-line with dedicated image processing software. Analysis of the dynamic vascular patterns (DVPs) of lesions with respect to adjacent parenchyma allowed mapping DVP signatures on a single parametric image. Cine loops of contrast-enhanced US and results from parametric imaging of DVP were assessed separately by three independent off-site readers who classified each lesion as benign, malignant, or indeterminate. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for both techniques. Interobserver agreement (κ statistics) was determined. Results: Sensitivities for visual interpretation of cine loops for the three readers were 85.0%, 77.9%, and 87.6%, which improved significantly to 96.5%, 97.3%, and 96.5% for parametric imaging, respectively (P < .05, McNemar test), while retaining high specificity (90.9% for all three readers). Accuracy scores of parametric imaging were higher than those of conventional contrast-enhanced US for all three readers (P < .001, McNemar test). Interobserver agreement increased with DVP parametric imaging compared with conventional contrast-enhanced US (change of κ from 0.54 to 0.99). Conclusion: Parametric imaging of DVP improves diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced US in the differentiation between malignant and benign FLLs; it also provides excellent interobserver agreement.

Recuperación, erosión y retención de otolitos en bolos de Guanay: ¿son los bolos realmente buenos indicadores de la dieta?

Se estudió el porcentaje de recuperación, el grado de erosión y el tiempo máximo de retención de los otolitos en 13 guanayes en cautiverio. Las aves fueron alimentadas individualmente con peces enteros y frescos previamente medidos y marcados; produciendo en promedio (n=13) bolos en 55,05% de los días que duró el experimento. El 37,81% de las aves produjeron bolos con otolitos al día siguiente de haber consumido su alimento (n=2.134). En estos bolos se encontró que sólo el 14,79% de los otolitos y el 26,61 % de los cristalinos ingeridos son recuperados, variando el porcentaje de recuperación de acuerdo a la especie consumida. Se encontraron diferencias al comparar la distribución por tallas de las principales presas ingeridas con la distribución por tallas de estas especies reconstruida a partir de las longitudes o pesos de los otolitos recuperados. El 80% a 100% de los otolitos retenidos permanecen como máximo hasta tres días en el tracto digestivo del guanay, los otolitos grandes pueden permanecer hasta 9 días. La metodología que se propone permite tener una mejor aproximación de la dieta y mayor precisión al estimar el consumo de cada presa. Es posible estimar la cantidad real de alimento ingerido si se conoce el porcentaje de recuperación de los otolitos de las principales presas consumidas. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que sin duda la información que proporcionan los bolos residuales es valiosa, pues permite conocer con gran precisión las pro­porciones en que se consumieron cada una de las presas. Sin embargo, la información sobre tallas de peces consumidos que se puede obtener a partir de los otolitos recuperados, plantea aún problemas que deben ser resueltos, en los cuales se deberá continuar investigando.

Panégyriques de saint François de Sales,... / par Bossuet, Bourdaloue, Fléchier, le P. Delarue, le P. Avrillon, le P. de Segaud, Frey de Neuville, de Beauvais. terminés par des fragments de Fénelon, relatifs au saint, et accompagnés d'un fac-simile de son écriture

Comprend : Fragments / Fénelon

A simple randomized algorithm for consistent sequential prediction of ergodic time series

We present a simple randomized procedure for the prediction of a binary sequence. The algorithm uses ideas from recent developments of the theory of the prediction of individual sequences. We show that if thesequence is a realization of a stationary and ergodic random process then the average number of mistakes converges, almost surely, to that of the optimum, given by the Bayes predictor.

Témoigner de son pâtir et de l'agir de Dieu. Les épreuves d'une communauté charismatique

On tentera de montrer, à partir de l'analyse d'un culte dominical survenu dans une communauté (évangélique) charismatique de Genève, comment les témoignages d'individus atteints par la souffrance viennent reconfigurer la compréhension que la communauté ecclésiale se fait d'elle-même et de ses rapports à la divinité. Pour la plupart, ces personnes sont atteintes de maux auxquels les prières de guérison, les impositions des mains ou les onctions d'huile n'ont pu remédier. Parallèlement aux souffrances de ces individus, la communauté traverse une série d'épreuves. De sorte que la présence des uns pousse les autres à s'interroger : « Pourquoi Dieu n'intervient-il pas ? Les aurait-il abandonnés ? Pour quelles raisons nos prières sont-elles inefficaces ? Et s'ils les a abandonnés, nous aurait-il également délaissés ? ». L'analyse des prises de paroles et de la configuration liturgique de la célébration constitue le corps de l'article. Au terme du culte, le déplacement des auditeurs dans l'espace de la salle dit, au propre et au figuré, le rassemblement de le communauté autour de ceux des siens qui souffrent, ainsi que la reconnaissance que cette souffrance participe de celle qui affecte la communauté dans son ensemble. Il y a lieu d'y voir la réponse à un appel formulé par le pasteur et relayé par les témoins. Les témoignages et la prière disent premièrement le lien qui unit une communauté de croyants avec le divin, soit la manière dont elle se reconnaît habitée par la divinité. Il y a une continuité entre les corps - sains, malades ou guéris - des fidèles et les façons qu'a le corps ecclésial de s'envisager et de concevoir ses limites.

An enhanced concave program relaxation for choice network revenue management

The network choice revenue management problem models customers as choosing from an offer-set, andthe firm decides the best subset to offer at any given moment to maximize expected revenue. The resultingdynamic program for the firm is intractable and approximated by a deterministic linear programcalled the CDLP which has an exponential number of columns. However, under the choice-set paradigmwhen the segment consideration sets overlap, the CDLP is difficult to solve. Column generation has beenproposed but finding an entering column has been shown to be NP-hard. In this paper, starting with aconcave program formulation based on segment-level consideration sets called SDCP, we add a class ofconstraints called product constraints, that project onto subsets of intersections. In addition we proposea natural direct tightening of the SDCP called ?SDCP, and compare the performance of both methodson the benchmark data sets in the literature. Both the product constraints and the ?SDCP method arevery simple and easy to implement and are applicable to the case of overlapping segment considerationsets. In our computational testing on the benchmark data sets in the literature, SDCP with productconstraints achieves the CDLP value at a fraction of the CPU time taken by column generation and webelieve is a very promising approach for quickly approximating CDLP when segment consideration setsoverlap and the consideration sets themselves are relatively small.