Assessment of purchasing maturity in spare parts supply chain

To describe the change of purchasing moving from administrative to strategic function academics have put forward maturity models which help practitioners to compare their purchasing activities to industry top performers and best practices. However, none of the models aim to distinguish the purchasing maturity from the after-sales point of view, even though after-sales activities are acknowledged as a relevant source of revenue, profit and competitive advantage in most manufacturing firms. The maturity of purchasing and supply management practices have a large impact to the overall performance of the spare parts supply chain and ultimately to the value creation and relationship building for the end customer. The research was done as a case study for a European after-sales organization which is part of a globally operating industrial firm specialized in heavy machinery. The study mapped the current state of the purchasing practices in the case organization and also distinguished the relevant areas for future development. The study was based on the purchasing maturity model developed by Schiele (2007) and investigated also how applicable is the maturity model in the spare parts supply chain context. Data for the assessment was gathered using five expert interviews inside the case organization and other parties involved in the company’s spare parts supply chain. Inventory management dimension was added to the original maturity model in order to better capture the important areas in a spare parts supply chain. The added five questions were deduced from the spare parts management literature and verified as relevant areas by the case organization’s personnel. Results indicate that largest need for development in the case organization are: better collaboration between sourcing and operative procurement functions, use of installed base information in the spare parts management, training plan development for new buyers, assessment of aligned KPI’s between the supply chain parties and better defining the role of after-sales sourcing. The purchasing maturity model used in this research worked well in H&R Leading, Controlling and Inventory Management dimensions. The assessment was more difficult to conduct in the Supplier related processes, Process integration and Organizational structure –dimensions, mainly because the assessment in these sections would for some parts require more company-wide assessment. Results indicate also that the purchasing maturity model developed by Schiele (2007) captures the relevant areas in the spare parts supply as well.

Digital Preservation Tools, Practices, and Policies in Islandora

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Expectations, frames and practices of genetic counselling in different contexts of genetic testing

Genetic counselling is a process in which the counsellee receives information and support concerning a genetic disease. This study examines the genetic counselling attached to genetic testing. Since genetic information is increasing alongside new testing technologies and the situations faced at the genetic clinics will therefore be more diverse, it is essential to assess what the expectations directed at genetic counselling are. It is also important to compare how they face the current counselling practices. In this study, the expectations, frames and practices of genetic counselling in different contexts of genetic testing were examined from three different perspectives: First, international guidelines covering genetic counselling were analysed to summarise what is expected from genetic counselling and to study how genetic information is framed. Second, national experts in European countries were asked about the regulations and practices of genetic counselling in their country. Finally, ten counsellees who had visited a genetic clinic were interviewed to analyse their expectations and experiences. The counsellees’ perspective was also approached through the background review of the previous studies on counsellees’ experiences. On the basis of the study, there are basic elements that are expected to be covered in genetic counselling from all perspectives. However, the views concerning bioethics, genetic exceptionalism and psychosocial aspects vary depending on the perspective and on the individual situation. Since there are sometimes more differences than similarities between genetic tests, no universal recommendations for counselling can be applied. The practices of genetic counselling should be defined situationally, emphasising the individual needs over the genes.

Evaluating and improving demand forecast practices for B2B and B2C sectors

Demand forecasting is one of the fundamental managerial tasks. Most companies do not know their future demands, so they have to make plans based on demand forecasts. The literature offers many methods and approaches for producing forecasts. Former literature points out that even though many forecasting methods and approaches are available, selecting a suitable approach and implementing and managing it is a complex cross-functional matter. However, it’s relatively rare that researches are focused on the differences in forecasting between consumer and industrial companies. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the potential of improving demand forecasting practices for B2B and B2C sectors in the global supply chains. Business to business (B2B) sector produces products for other manufacturing companies. On the other hand, consumer (B2C) sector provides goods for individual buyers. Usually industrial sector have a lower number of customers and closer relationships with them. The research questions of this thesis are: 1) What are the main differences and similarities in demand planning between B2B and B2C sectors? 2) How the forecast performance for industrial and consumer companies can be improved? The main methodological approach in this study is design science, where the main objective is to develop tentative solutions to real-life problems. The research data has been collected from a case company. Evaluation and improving in organizing demand forecasting can be found in three interlinked areas: 1) demand planning operational environment, 2) demand forecasting techniques, 3) demand information sharing scenarios. In this research current B2B and B2C demand practices are presented with further comparison between those two sectors. It was found that B2B and B2C sectors have significant differences in demand practices. This research partly filled the theoretical gap in understanding the difference in forecasting in consumer and industrial sectors. In all these areas, examples of managerial problems are described, and approaches for mitigating these problems are outlined.

A year after Crimea: continuity and change of Finnish-Russian relations reflected in the views of the government officials of Finland and Russia

This thesis discusses the dynamism of bilateral relations between Finland and Russia and their interconnection with wider EU-Russia relations in the sight of the recent conflict in Ukraine. In particular, incorporation of Crimea in the territory of Russia in March 2014 is believed to have triggered a series of disputes between the European Union and Russia and thus, have impacted the course of the bilateral Finnish-Russian relations. The study leans on a premise that there are some historical traditions and regularities in the Finnish foreign policy course towards Russia which make the bilateral Finnish-Russian relations special. These traditions are distinguished and described in the book “Russia Forever? Towards Pragmatism in Finnish/Russian relations” (2008) edited by H. Rytövuori-Apunen. Assuming that the featured traditions take place in modern relations between Finland and Russia, the aim of the thesis is to find out how these traditions reappear during the year shaped by the events in Ukraine. In order to do that, author follows the timeline of happenings around the Ukraine crisis starting with Crimea’s referendum on independence, and exams the way these events were commented on and evaluated by the key government officials and political institutions of Finland and Russia. The main focus is given to the Finnish official discourse on Russia during the study period. The data collection, consisting of mostly primary sources (ministerial press releases and comments, statements, speeches and blog posts of individual policy makers) is processed using the thematic analysis supported by the content analysis. The study reveals that the consequences of the Ukraine crisis have brought, among others, complications to the economic cooperation between Finland and Russia, and have stimulated the increased attention of the Finnish decision makers to the country’s security questions. As a result, the character and importance of some historical regularities of the Finnish foreign policies on Russia, like the Continental Dilemma, have taken new shape.

In search of good relationships to music : understanding aspiration and challenge in developing music school teacher practices

This study focuses on teacher practices in publicly funded music schools in Finland. As views on the aims of music education change and broaden, music schools across Europe share the challenge of developing their activities in response. In public and scholarly debate, there have been calls for increased diversity of contents and concepts of teaching. In Finland, the official national curriculum for state-funded music schools builds on the ideal that teaching and learning should create conditions which promote ‘a good relationship to music’. The meaning of this concept has been deliberately left open in order to leave room for dialogue, flexibility, and teacher autonomy. Since what is meant by ‘good’ is not defined in advance, the notion of ‘improving’ practices is also open to discussion. The purpose of the study is to examine these issues from teachers’ point of view by asking what music school teachers aim to accomplish as they develop their practices. Methodologically, the study introduces a suggestion for building empirical research on Alperson’s ‘robust’ praxial approach to music education, a philosophical theory which is strongly committed to practitioner perspectives and musical diversity. A systematic method for analysing music education practices, interpretive practice analysis, is elaborated with support from interpretive research methods originally used in policy analysis. In addition, the research design shows how reflecting conversations (a collaborative approach well-known in Nordic social work) can be fruitfully applied in interpretive research and combined with teacher inquiry. Data have been generated in a collaborative project involving five experienced music school teachers and the researcher. The empirical material includes transcripts from group conversations, data from teacher inquiry conducted within the project, and transcripts from follow-up interviews. The teachers’ aspirations can be understood as strivings to reinforce the connection between musical practices and various forms of human flourishing such that music and flourishing can sustain each other. Examples from their practices show how the word ‘good’ receives its meaning in context. Central among the teachers’ concerns is their hope that students develop a free and sustainable interest in music, often described as inspiration. I propose that ‘good relationships to music’ and ‘inspiration’ can be understood as philosophical mediators which support the transition from an indeterminate ‘interest in music’ towards specific ways in which music can become a (co-)constitutive part of living well in each person’s particular circumstances. Different musical practices emphasise different aspects of what is considered important in music and in human life. Music school teachers consciously balance between a variety of such values. They also make efforts to resist pressure which might threaten the goods they think are most important. Such goods include joy, participation, perseverance, solid musical skills related to specific practices, and a strong sense of vitality. The insights from this study suggest that when teachers are able to create inspiration, they seem to do so by performing complex work which combines musical and educational aims and makes general positive contributions to their students’ lives. Ensuring that teaching and learning in music schools remain as constructive and meaningful as possible for both students and teachers is a demanding task. The study indicates that collaborative, reflective and interdisciplinary work may be helpful as support for development processes on both individual and collective levels of music school teacher practices.

Possibilities and challenges in utilization of information provided by Industrial Internet applications

Global digitalization has affected also industrial sector. A trend called Industrial Internet has been present for some years and established relatively steady position in businesses. Industrial Internet is also referred with the terminology Industry 4.0 and in consumer businesses IoT (Internet of Things). Eventually, trend consists of many traditionally proven technologies and concepts, such as condition monitoring, remote services, predictive maintenance and Internet customer portals. All these technologies and information related to them are estimated to change the rules of business in industrial sector. This may result even a new industrial revolution. This research has its focus on Industrial Internet products, services and applications. The study analyses four case companies and their digital service offerings. According to this analysis the comparison of these services is done to find out if there is still space for companies to gain competitive advantage through differentiation with these state of the art solutions. One of the case companies, Case Company Ltd., is working as a primary case company and a subscriber of this particular research. The research and results are analyzed primarily from this company’s perspective and need. In empirical part, the research clarifies how Case Company Ltd. has allocated its development resources through last five years. These allocations in certain categories are then compared to other case companies’ current customer offering and conclusions are made how the approach of different companies differ from each other. Existing theoretical knowledge of Industrial Internet is about to find its shape. In this research we take a look how the case company analysis and findings correlate with the existing knowledge and literature of the topic.

Energy Efficiency in Electrical Drive Systems: Technical potentials, barriers and policy approaches for small and medium industries in Ghana

Today industries and commerce in Ghana are facing enormous energy challenge. The pressure is on for industries to reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions and provide se-cured power supply. Industrial electric motor energy efficiency improvement is one of the most important tools to reduce global warming threat and reduce electricity bills. In order to develop a strategic industrial energy efficiency policy, it is therefore necessary to study the barriers that inhibit the implementation of cost – effective energy efficiency measures and the driving forces that promote the implementation. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the energy consumption pattern of electric motors, study factors that promote or inhibit energy efficiency improvements in EMDS and provide cost – effective solutions that improve energy efficiency to bridge the existing energy efficiency gap in the surveyed industries. The results from this thesis has revealed that, the existence of low energy efficiency in motor-driven systems in the surveyed industries were due to poor maintenance practices, absence of standards, power quality issues, lack of access to capital and limited awareness to the im-portance of energy efficiency improvements in EMDS. However, based on the results pre-sented in this thesis, a policy approach towards industrial SMEs should primarily include dis-counted or free energy audit in providing the industries with the necessary information on potential energy efficiency measures, practice best motor management programmes and estab-lish a minimum energy performance standard (MEPS) for motors imported into the country. The thesis has also shown that education and capacity development programmes, financial incentives and system optimization are effective means to promote energy efficiency in elec-tric motor – driven systems in industrial SMEs in Ghana

Viability of part cargoes in tramp shipping company’s routing and scheduling decisions

Operational excellence of individual tramp shipping companies is important in today’s market, where competition is intense, freight revenues are modest and capital costs high due to global financial crisis, and tighter regulatory framework is generating additional costs and challenges to the industry. This thesis concentrates on tramp shipping, where a tramp operator in a form of an individual case company, specialized in short-sea shipping activities in the Baltic Sea region, is searching ways to map their current fleet operations and better understand potential ways to improve the overall routing and scheduling decisions. The research problem is related to tramp fleet planning where several cargoes are carried on board at the same time, which are here systematically referred to as part cargoes. The purpose is to determine the pivotal dimensions and characteristics of these part cargo operations in tramp shipping, and offer both the individual case company and wider research community better understanding of potential risks and benefits related to utilization of part cargo operations. A mixed method research approach is utilized in this research, as the objectives are related to complex, real-life business practices in the field of supply chain management and more specifically, maritime logistics. A quantitative analysis of different voyage scenarios is executed, including alternative voyage legs with varying cost structure and customer involvement. An on-line-based questionnaire designed and prepared by case company’s decision group again provides desired data of predominant attitudes and views of most important industrial customers regarding the part cargo-related operations and potential future utilization of this business model. The results gained from these quantitative methods are complied with qualitative data collection tools, along with suitable secondary data sources. Based on results and logical analysis of different data sources, a framework for characterizing the different aspects of part cargo operations is developed, utilizing both existing research and empirical investigation of the phenomenon. As conclusions, part cargoes have the ability to be part of viable fleet operations, and even increase flexibility among the fleet to a certain extent. Naturally, several hinderers for this development is recognized as well, such as potential issues with information gathering and sharing, inefficient port activities, and increased transit times.

Ethical space in a secondary school: a case study /

Discourse in the provincial education system that includes Aboriginal peoples is a convoluted one-sided affair. This has contributed to the limited academic success for Aboriginal secondary students in the provincial school system. The Office of the Auditor General (2004) announced a 27-28 year gap in Academic success compared to non- Aboriginal students (p. I). Both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal stakeholders are fiiistrated and confused with the lack of support for long-term solutions to address academic success for Aboriginal students. The boundaries in education that exist between the dominant society of Canada and Aboriginal peoples in education are hindering the development of ethical space in which to negotiate and apply "concrete arguments and concepts" (Ermine, 2000, p. 140) for 'best' solutions across the cultural divide. Recent literature suggests a gap in knowledge to address this cultural divide. This study reveals racism is still prevalent and the problem lies in the fallacy of Euro-Western pedagogical beliefs. There is a need to design ethical space that will assist transformation of cross-relations in education for inclusion of Aboriginal voices and content. I submit that ethical space involves physical and abstract space. This report is a qualitative, exploratory, and single case study of one northern Ontario secondary school attended by First Nations and Metis peoples who comprise 35% of the school population. Twenty-six stakeholders volunteered to participate in six interviews. The volunteers in this study are Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. Aboriginal peoples are firom two First Nations, and Metis peoples. It is an Aboriginal designed and delivered study that a) describes an Aboriginally-designed research method to gather data across cultural divides in a secondary school, b) reviews Tri-Council Policy Section 6 (TCPS) regarding 'good practices' in ethical research involving Aboriginal peoples, and c) summarizes stakeholder perspectives of the 'best educational environment' for one secondary school.

Role of family eating practices on daily nutrient intakes, dietary patterns and measures of body composition in peri-adolescents

Although family eating practices (FEPs) playa role in the formation of eating practices in children, there is a lack of evidence regarding the role of FEPs on obesity (DB) risk. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the role of child, mother 'and father eating practices (CEPs; MEPS; FaEPs) on nutrient intakes, dietary patterns and body composition. Data were collected on approximately 2,400 peri-adolescents (s250 with complete covariate data). Dietary patterns were assessed using scores that reflected how closely participants followed DASH and Health Canada (HC) recommendations. In girls, poor CEPs, MEPs and FaEPs were associated with increased BMI and risk of overweight and poor dietary patterns according to DASH, and DASH and HC, respectively. In boys, poor CEPs and FaEPs were associated with increased monounsaturated and trans fat, and Vitamin C intakes, respectively. These findings suggest FEPs are associated with DB risk, particularly in girls.

Management Council for Responsible Labour Relations records, 1970-1979, n.d.

The Management Council for Responsible Labour Relations was a group of industry representatives who sought to improve the public image of management in labour disputes. They hoped to accomplish this by improving communication with the media, as well as by educating the general public about labour issues from management’s perspective. The Council had representatives from Inco, Gulf, Algoma, Westinghouse, Kimberly Clark, Ford, Stelco, Massey Ferguson, Alcan, Shell, Northern Electric, Bank of Montreal, Canada Packers and Dupont.

Estime de soi et appropriation cognitive du feedback en contexte d’évaluation de potentiel : le rôle de la valence et de l’influence de la source

L’estime de soi joue un rôle central lorsqu’il est question de prédire les réactions des individus au feedback. En dépit de son influence indéniable sur les réactions des individus au feedback en contexte d’évaluation de potentiel, peu d’études se sont attardées aux facteurs pouvant en atténuer l’effet dans le cadre d’une telle démarche. Cette thèse vise à combler ce manque à travers deux articles empiriques répondant chacun à plusieurs objectifs de recherche. Dans cette optique, des données ont été amassées auprès de deux échantillons indépendants de candidats (étude 1, N = 111; étude 2, N = 153) ayant réalisé une évaluation de potentiel dans une firme-conseil spécialisée en psychologie industrielle. Le premier article vise à tester deux théories relatives à l’estime de soi s’affrontant lorsqu’il est question de prédire les réactions cognitives au feedback, la théorie de l’auto-valorisation et de l’auto-vérification. Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, l’influence de l’estime de soi et de la valence décisionnelle du feedback sur les deux composantes de l’appropriation cognitive du feedback en contexte d’évaluation, l’acceptation et la conscientisation, a été testé. Les résultats soutiennent les postulats de la théorie d’auto-valorisation lorsqu’il est question de prédire l’acceptation du feedback. En contrepartie, les résultats offrent peu de soutien à la théorie de l’auto-vérification dans la prédiction de la conscientisation à l’égard du feedback. Le second article vise à identifier des leviers modulables pour influencer favorablement les réactions des individus ayant une plus faible estime d’eux-mêmes. Pour ce faire, deux variables relatives à l’influence de la source ont été ciblées, la crédibilité perçue et les pratiques de confrontation constructive. Cet article comprend deux études, soit une première ayant pour objectif de valider un instrument mesurant la crédibilité perçue de la source et une seconde examinant les relations entre trois déterminants, soit l’estime de soi du candidat, la crédibilité perçue de la source et les pratiques de confrontation constructive, et deux réactions cognitives au feedback, l’acceptation et la conscientisation. Les analyses de la première étude font ressortir que l’échelle de crédibilité perçue présente des qualités psychométriques satisfaisantes et les résultats corroborent une structure unifactorielle. Les résultats de la seconde étude indiquent que les trois déterminants étudiés sont positivement reliés à l’acceptation et à la conscientisation. Les effets d’interaction significatifs font ressortir des conditions favorisant l’acceptation et la conscientisation chez les individus ayant une plus faible estime d’eux-mêmes. La crédibilité perçue atténue la relation entre l’estime de soi et l’acceptation alors que la confrontation constructive modère les relations entre l’estime de soi et, tant l’acceptation que la conscientisation. Enfin, la crédibilité perçue et la confrontation constructive interagissent dans la prédiction de la conscientisation, faisant ainsi ressortir l’importance d’établir sa crédibilité pour augmenter l’effet positif de la confrontation constructive. Les apports théorique et conceptuel de chacun des articles ainsi que les pistes d’intervention pratiques en découlant sont discutés séparément et repris dans une conclusion globale. Les retombées de cette thèse, tant sur le plan de la recherche que de l'intervention, sont également abordées dans cette dernière section.

L’impact de l’action collective patronale sur les pratiques locales des organisations : le cas de l’industrie de l’hôtellerie au Québec

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux formes et à la capacité des associations patronales à façonner les règles du travail au niveau sectoriel, plus précisément dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie au Québec. Elle vise également à mieux comprendre comment ces règles contribuent à modifier les pratiques locales en relations industrielles de leurs entreprises membres. Notre première question de recherche vise donc à cerner l’impact des logiques de représentation et d’action des associations patronales sur les pratiques en relations industrielles. Pour certains auteurs, notamment Behrens et Traxler (2004 et 2007), Carley et al. (2010), Charest, Laroche et Hickey (à paraître), les logiques de représentation et d’action chez les acteurs patronaux se distinguent l’une de l’autre et influencent de manière différente les pratiques en relations industrielles. Ainsi, la présence, la forme et le rôle d’une association patronale auront un impact significatif sur les pratiques en relations industrielles, car les membres peuvent être influencés par les orientations de leurs associations. Notre seconde question de recherche aborde la manière dont les entreprises membres utilisent leurs ressources de pouvoir afin d’influencer les actions des associations patronales. La littérature existante à ce sujet mentionne que les acteurs patronaux détenant plusieurs ressources de pouvoir, qu’elles soient internes ou externes (Charest, Laroche et Hickey, à paraître; Laroche et Hickey, à paraître), sont en mesure d’exercer une influence dans les institutions politiques. Nous tenterons donc de vérifier si, plus une association patronale sera en mesure de mobiliser ses ressources de pouvoir, plus elle sera apte à influencer le contexte institutionnel dans lequel elle agit. Au plan théorique, cette recherche s’appuie sur les idées développées par les théories néo-institutionnalistes. D’une part, nous reconnaissons que les acteurs doivent réagir et s’adapter aux changements qui s’opèrent au sein de leur environnement. Ils développeront donc des stratégies diverses, autant en matière de coordination des actions patronales que de relations du travail au niveau local, en fonction de leur interprétation de ces transformations (Traxler et Huemer, 2007). D’autre part, nous reconnaissons que les acteurs sont aussi en mesure de mobiliser leurs ressources de pouvoir pour déployer des initiatives stratégiques qui seront susceptibles de provoquer en retour des changements au sein de leur environnement (Crouch, 2005). Ces entrepreneurs institutionnels sont ainsi à la recherche active d’opportunités et de leviers de pouvoir à utiliser pour maximiser leurs intérêts respectifs et, par le fait même, réduire les incertitudes issues de leur environnement (Campbell, 2004; Streeck et Thelen, 2005; Crouch, 2005). Notre recherche reconnaît également que les acteurs qui détiennent le plus grand pouvoir au sein d’un groupe, soient les porteurs de projets, vont être en mesure de façonner les institutions en fonction de leurs intérêts spécifiques (Thelen, 2003). C’est d’ailleurs sur ce plan que notre recherche veut se démarquer des travaux plus larges dans laquelle elle s’insère. Au plan empirique, cette recherche étudie l’acteur patronal dans l’industrie de l’hôtellerie au Québec et vise trois objectifs : 1) faire la cartographie des associations patronales dans le secteur de l’hôtellerie au Québec (formes, structures, activités, missions, etc.); 2) analyser l’impact des règles issues du processus de régulation au niveau sectoriel sur les pratiques de relations du travail locales; et 3) identifier les employeurs dominants au sein du secteur et analyser de quelle manière ils parviennent à modifier les institutions et l’environnement dans lequel ils agissent. Pour atteindre nos objectifs de recherche, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qualitative de recherche, et plus particulièrement l’étude de cas. Cette dernière a été conduite en trois étapes : la préparation, la collecte des données et l’interprétation (Merriam, 1998). Les données de cette étude ont été recueillies à l’automne 2011, par le biais d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de gestionnaires d’hôtels et d’associations hôtelières dans les régions de Québec et de Montréal. Une analyse qualitative du contenu de ces entrevues a été effectuée en lien avec la revue de littérature et nos propositions de recherche. À cette fin, nous avons utilisé la technique de l’appariement logique de Yin (1994), ce qui nous a permis de comparer nos observations à nos propositions de recherche. Il est à noter que puisque cette recherche est une étude de cas, cette dernière présente des limites méthodologiques surtout liées à la généralisation des résultats. Ainsi, il est très difficile d’affirmer que les résultats de cette microanalyse soient généralisables. En contrepartie, les analyses ont servi à consolider le modèle pour utilisation dans des études futures.

Les pratiques d'attraction et de rétention de la génération Y dans les PME

Les dirigeants-propriétaires des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) sont de plus en plus intéressés par la gestion des ressources humaines (GRH); certains y voient un avantage concurrentiel face à la pénurie de main-d’œuvre actuelle. Considérant que la compatibilité entre les caractéristiques des travailleurs et celles de l’organisation peut générer des résultats positifs (Kristof-Brown et Guay, 2011), notre étude s’intéresse aux pratiques de GRH associées aux valeurs au travail de la génération Y ainsi que leur effet sur la capacité des PME à attirer et retenir cette cohorte. Cette étude qualitative s’est réalisée grâce à des données primaires colligées à la suite d’entrevues avec des dirigeants de quatre PME du secteur de la construction et seize employés appartenant à la génération Y œuvrant au sein de ces entreprises. Par nos résultats, nous avons relevé que la qualité des relations, autant avec les collègues que les superviseurs, demeure généralement la principale source d’attraction et de rétention des Y dans les PME. Nos résultats soutiennent aussi que leur attraction et rétention peut être très fortement favorisée grâce à des pratiques de communication bidirectionnelle et illimitée, une communication stratégique et une liberté dans la gestion du temps et des méthodes de travail. La conciliation travail et vie personnelle, les défis variés, les possibilités d’avancement, la gestion des ressources humaines socialement responsable, la reconnaissance des compétences ainsi que la gestion participative sont aussi des pratiques pouvant être fortement liées à l’attraction et la rétention de cette génération. Nos résultats montrent aussi que l’attraction et la rétention des Y dans les PME sont modérément favorisées par le travail d’équipe, les conditions de travail équitables et objectives et la rémunération globale concurrentielle. À l’inverse, la présence de technologies de l’information et des communications et la formation continue sont des sources plus faibles d’attraction et de rétention en comparaison aux autres pratiques abordées dans cette étude. En somme, cette étude contribue à la littérature sur la GRH dans les PME, puisque les spécificités relatives à ces entreprises ont été peu considérées jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Elle permet aussi la recommandation de pratiques utiles aux dirigeants-propriétaires et professionnels en ressources humaines œuvrant avec le défi d’attraction et de rétention de la génération Y au sein de leur entreprise.