Utopias pedagógicas no ensino de ciências: idéias docentes que expressam o futuro para reencantar o presente

Este estudo é concernente a uma pesquisa qualitativa na modalidade narrativa, que tem como objetivo investigar em que termos repercutem proposições teórico metodológicas e epistemológicas do presente como expressão de utopias de Educação e da Educação em Ciências. Foram ouvidas vozes dos sujeitos, coletadas sob a forma de relatos orais, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas gravadas em áudio, realizadas individualmente com cada um dos sete alunos-professores participantes de um curso de educação continuada, em nível de especialização em Ensino de Ciências, no qual o pesquisador se inclui. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram selecionados segundo a natureza ideacional de suas manifestações nas interações em aulas. Como critério de seleção dos sujeitos foi levado em conta o teor das idéias por eles geralmente manifestas em aulas, de forma tal que foram escolhidos (a) três sujeitos com idéias de inclinação utópica, (b) outros três com idéias que se aproximam do ceticismo e (c) um sujeito com traços ideacionais aproximados ao niilismo. Os dados obtidos foram tratados sob a forma de episódios narrativos, que foram organizados em função de três princípios utópicos – princípios de conhecimento, de ensino e de vida - que constituíram, cada um, uma seção de análise sob o título de: I) Aprender a conhecer para poder projetar o futuro; II) Aprender a saber-fazer: redesenhando horizontes no ensino de ciências; III) Aprender a ser: a invenção de si num mundo dinâmico. O tratamento dos episódios narrativos em termos de princípios utópicos representa um modo de organizar as questões de maior destaque para os sujeitos num contexto de inter-relações. Sendo assim, esses princípios mantêm as interconexões que constituem um processo multidimensional de resignificação permanente daquilo que, para os sujeitos, torna-se relevante manter ou projetar COMO UTOPIAS no âmbito do Ensino de Ciências. A análise dos dados revela que a perspectiva de construção de um conhecimento compreensivo no Ensino de Ciências, voltado para o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania crítica e reflexiva constitui-se uma das principais aspirações docentes, em termos de utopias pedagógicas e, para isso, torna-se necessária a superação da visão cartesiana e positivista de ensino e formação. Além disso, pressupõe, entre outros, uma articulação entre diferentes modos de ser e de fazer o ensino de ciências com base em parâmetros emergentes de compreensão da realidade, tendo em vista a construção das utopias de redes de conhecimento. Tais redes explicitam a natureza compreensiva do conhecimento, a resignificação da relação professor-aluno, a construção de um modo de conhecer que se traduza na maneira de se autoconhecer, o reconhecimento do aluno como centro da aprendizagem, as quais envolvem todos os sujeitos na dinâmica do processo educativo em termos de um processo ao longo da vida. Utopias como essas reencantam o presente na busca da construção de um futuro promissor.

Qualidade de vida em Porto Velho, Rondônia: perspectivas do processo de desenvolvimento regional

Esta tese de doutorado nasceu da escassez de estudos referentes aos efeitos das grandes obras, sobre a qualidade de vida das cidades. Nesse sentido, visando estudar exatamente esse problema dentro de um cenário amazônico, propôs-se pesquisar os efeitos das usinas hidrelétricas de Jirau e de Santo Antônio, em seu processo de construção, às margens do rio Madeira, em Rondônia e, assim, analisar a qualidade de vida dentro do perímetro urbano da cidade de Porto Velho, o que constituiu o objeto de estudo da presente investigação. Para tanto, buscou-se aporte na teoria do “Fetiche”, de Marx, na obra “O capital” (1980). Assim, procurou-se explicar a migração de trabalhadores, na busca por melhores salários e oportunidades de ganhos econômicos, nas obras das hidrelétricas mencionadas. A perspectiva teórica do “fetichismo da mercadoria”, de Marx (1967), desencadeou a inter-relação com os aspectos diretamente ligados ao âmago da presente tese, que se constitui numa Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Essa foi desenvolvida com base no método de Análise Fatorial, utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS, versão 17. Para isso, foram aplicados 1.449 questionários, distribuídos igualitariamente, em grupos de 21, para cada um dos 69 bairros da cidade. E, dessa forma, construir os índices de IQVU (índices de qualidade de vida urbana), segundo Santos e Martins (2002) e, para análises multifatoriais, de acordo com Hair et al. (2005) e com Santana (2007; 2005). A partir disso, os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o índice de qualidade de vida de Porto Velho, no período correspondente à fase anterior a chegada das usinas, à região, era de 0,452. Portanto, classificado como um índice de desempenho regular. Em relação à fase atual, esse índice apresentou uma queda de 15,31%, alcançando um valor de 0,392. Por consequência, considerado de ruim desempenho. Desse modo, permitiu-se concluir que a qualidade de vida de Porto Velho, conforme a opinião dos entrevistados, literalmente, piorou com a chegada das usinas hidrelétricas do rio Madeira, em Porto Velho/Rondônia. A relevância do presente estudo reside na análise do espaço intramunicipal e na integração dos dados provenientes da pesquisa de campo, com a informação gerada durante as análises. Isto levou a deduções lógicas, fundamentadas nos critérios adotados e decorrentes dos resultados das avaliações. Consequentemente, esse poderá servir como suporte às decisões políticas, sobre o planejamento de ações a serem executadas, para gestão do território no âmbito municipal.

Second life®: corpo ou avatar? realidade ou fantasia?

Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Humano e Tecnologias - IBRC

Um estudo sobre Projovem Adolescente e seus impactos sobre as condições de trabalho e vulnerabilidade das jovens do sexo feminino no município de Barretos/SP

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery presenting with massive (recurrent) epistaxes: a life-threatening complication of craniofacial trauma

Vascular lesions can be serious complications resulting of blunt or penetrating trauma(1,2). Internal carotid artery lesion is one of most serious and relatively frequent in all mechanisms of craniofacial trauma. Several clinical manifestations can occur as central neurologic and cranial nerves deficits as well as several degrees of bleeding (from mild symptomatic to fatal). Recurrent and massive epistaxis can occur after trauma due to pseudaoneurysms of the external and internal carotid artery (ICA)(3,4). Considering its life-threatening course, the assisting physician has a relatively narrow time to detect and treat these lesions.We present two cases of recurrent and massive epistaxis secondary to ICA pseudoaneurysm following blunt and perforating trauma. Evolution was fatal in the first case with delayed treatment and uneventfully in the second which was treated by occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm and ICA via endovascular intervention.

Life cycle assessment applied to municipal solid waste management: a case study

This study analyzes the environmental performance of the Municipal Solid Waste Management System (MSWMS) of Piedade, São Paulo, from a systemic perspective. A life cycle assessment (LCA) technique was applied according to an attributional approach to evaluate both the current operational situation and different prospective scenarios, which were devised based on the application of targets for recycling dry and wet waste suggested by the pre-draft version of the Brazilian Plan for Solid Waste. The life cycle impact assessment method EcoIndicator 99, in association with normalization and weighting procedures, was used to conduct the analysis. It was observed that the adoption of goals of 30%, 50% and 70% for recovering of the recyclable dry waste, resulted in improvement of the environmental performance of the waste management system under analysis, respectively of 10%, 15% and 20%. It was also possible to detect an evolution in the order of 54% in reducing impacts resulting from the adoption of targets for composting. LCA proved to be effective for the evaluation of the environmental performance of MSWMS-Piedade. However, for future evaluations, the attributional approach should be replaced by the methodological practice of substitution to enable the avoided burdens to be considered in estimations of the environmental performance municipal solid waste management systems.

A/r/tografia de um corpo-experiência: arte contemporânea, feminismos e produção de subjetividade

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Script concordance test: uma proposta de avaliação do raciocínio gerencial da enfermagem em situações de incertezas

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem - FMB

Motivação e personal trainning

Currently, health is one of the issues of concern of society. Health can be understood as a direct link between the practice of regular exercise and quality of life. Within this course of reasoning, comes the role of physical education professional. In this perspective, we have the Personal Trainer. Personal Trainer is the professional who makes exercise prescription, individually, with improvement goals fitness and others. This professional is someone trained in Physical Education and has qualification and training for that function. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the reasons why the practitioners of physical exercise to train under the supervision of a Personal Trainer. To achieve the above goal was accomplished, a review of major studies on the subject. Thus, this work it is a research bibliography. On the literature review it is evident the professional demand due to a cultural change and, moreover, the need for and accessibility of this professional, the Personal Trainer. In addition, the adhesion of reasons in class Personal Trainer to give the competence of the professional in achieving goals and objectives of the student, respecting the individuality and motivation of each student, reasons that may be intrinsic or extrinsic. In Motivation respect, it is clear the need for deepening of the term, to be able to adequately meet the student

Organic coffee under perspective of energy efficiency

The energy analysis development in this study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of the organic coffee productive system, in particular to assess the independence of this system with respect to the use of industrialized input products. Thus, it provides information about the sustainability of that production system. Technical itineraries used in this study consist of energy expenditure made with coffee cultivation, according to the type, source and form of energy inputs, agricultural machines, equipment and labor force used in that production system. The energy expenditure, converted into energy units, quantified the input energy. And the organic coffee production, measured in kilograms of processed coffee beans, was the output energy. Primary data used in this study were obtained from organic coffee producers in the Southern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. Energy balance identified was positive, since the estimated output energy was 626.465 MJ/ha and the energy expenditure was 112.998 MJ/ha, during the useful life of the crop.

Condições de acessibilidade na universidade: o ponto de vista de estudantes com deficiência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ontogeny of manipulative behavior and nut-cracking in young tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella): a Perception-action perspective

How do capuchin monkeys learn to use stones to crack open nuts? Perception-action theory posits that individuals explore producing varying spatial and force relations among objects and surfaces, thereby learning about affordances of such relations and how to produce them. Such learning supports the discovery of tool use. We present longitudinal developmental data from semifree-ranging tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to evaluate predictions arising from Perception-action theory linking manipulative development and the onset of tool-using. Percussive actions bringing an object into contact with a surface appeared within the first year of life. Most infants readily struck nuts and other objects against stones or other surfaces from 6 months of age, but percussive actions alone were not sufficient to produce nut-cracking sequences. Placing the nut on the anvil surface and then releasing it, so that it could be struck with a stone, was the last element necessary for nut-cracking to appear in capuchins. Young chimpanzees may face a different challenge in learning to crack nuts: they readily place objects on surfaces and release them, but rarely vigorously strike objects against surfaces or other objects. Thus the challenges facing the two species in developing the same behavior (nut-cracking using a stone hammer and an anvil) may be quite different. Capuchins must inhibit a strong bias to hold nuts so that they can release them; chimpanzees must generate a percussive action rather than a gentle placing action. Generating the right actions may be as challenging as achieving the right sequence of actions in both species. Our analysis suggests a new direction for studies of social influence on young primates learning sequences of actions involving manipulation of objects in relation to surfaces.

The complex construction of psychological identities in Palestine: Integrating narratives and life experiences

Palestinian youth is challenged by multiple discourses in the process of constitution of its identity. This discursive multiplicity, characteristic of contemporary global societies, is confronted with personal life experiences, giving meaning to primarily nebulous affective impacts in the social environment. Starting from a semiotic-cultural perspective in cultural psychology one can establish a link between the notion of master narrative used by Hammack (2010) and the notion of myth-using the conception of ideology as a bridge that articulates both. Antinomies in the self-biographic narratives presented and discussed by Hammack (2010) support the master narrative of Palestinian identity and enter into interactions with other psychological identities of the interviewed youngsters, such as their religious tradition and secular education. Symbolic elements that are brought to the identity-making process by the diverse narratives are to be seen as resources for the comprehension of life experiences, demanding an integrative effort in the face of what is known and unknown in relation to alterity.

A Simple Artificial Life Model Explains Irrational Behavior in Human Decision-Making

Although praised for their rationality, humans often make poor decisions, even in simple situations. In the repeated binary choice experiment, an individual has to choose repeatedly between the same two alternatives, where a reward is assigned to one of them with fixed probability. The optimal strategy is to perseverate with choosing the alternative with the best expected return. Whereas many species perseverate, humans tend to match the frequencies of their choices to the frequencies of the alternatives, a sub-optimal strategy known as probability matching. Our goal was to find the primary cognitive constraints under which a set of simple evolutionary rules can lead to such contrasting behaviors. We simulated the evolution of artificial populations, wherein the fitness of each animat (artificial animal) depended on its ability to predict the next element of a sequence made up of a repeating binary string of varying size. When the string was short relative to the animats' neural capacity, they could learn it and correctly predict the next element of the sequence. When it was long, they could not learn it, turning to the next best option: to perseverate. Animats from the last generation then performed the task of predicting the next element of a non-periodical binary sequence. We found that, whereas animats with smaller neural capacity kept perseverating with the best alternative as before, animats with larger neural capacity, which had previously been able to learn the pattern of repeating strings, adopted probability matching, being outperformed by the perseverating animats. Our results demonstrate how the ability to make predictions in an environment endowed with regular patterns may lead to probability matching under less structured conditions. They point to probability matching as a likely by-product of adaptive cognitive strategies that were crucial in human evolution, but may lead to sub-optimal performances in other environments.

Providing health care to women with tuberculosis: the family focus perspective

To analyze the relationship between the practice of family health team workers and women with tuberculosis, according to the family focus dimension. The participants were eight family health team workers from a city in the Joao Pessoa metropolitan area (Paraiba -PB). Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, and then subjected to thematic content analysis. The workers recognize the critical social condition that women with tuberculosis live in, as well as the prejudice they face. They suggest that these women require care based on the concept of comprehensiveness in health. They also highlight the importance of Directly Observed Therapy -Short Course, the existence of incentives, and the women's poor adherence to educational activities and groups. Few workers recognize the inclusion of relatives in the care of women with tuberculosis, which implies the need for discussion regarding this fact with the purpose of improving tuberculosis treatment effectiveness.