Avaliação e reestruturação do programa reflorestar a partir da educação ambiental crítica

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Rural, 2016.

O currículo de matemática do 1º ciclo doensino secundário de Cabo Verde na perspectiva de professores

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a perspetiva de professores sobre o currículo de Matemática do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário cabo-verdiano e conhecer necessidades de formação que identificam, para um melhor desempenho na sua catividade profissional. As questões de estudo são: 1) Como se reveem os professores de Matemática no currículo do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário, enquanto agentes que interpretam e implementam esse currículo? 2) Que potencialidades e dificuldades reconhecem nesse currículo? 3) Que áreas consideram haver necessidade de formação, para a melhoria da sua prática docente, nesse nível de ensino? O desenvolvimento do referencial teórico integra duas áreas temáticas como eixos centrais: o currículo, o professor e o professor de Matemática. Foi feita uma análise de normativos cabo-verdianos para a educação, entre os quais se destacam a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo, o Plano de estudos para o ensino secundário e o Programa de Matemática do 1o ciclo do Ensino Secundário. A metodologia adotada na investigação segue uma abordagem interpretativa e descritiva, suportada por um design de estudo de caso. São estudados três casos, relativos a professores de Matemática cabo-verdianos do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário. A recolha de dados recorre a urna entrevista semiestruturada a cada professor, à observação de três aulas por professor participante e à recolha documental. A análise de dados foi feita utilizando principalmente a técnica de análise de conteúdos. Os professores revêem-se como executores de um currículo uniforme, de cumprimento obrigatório, normativo, emanado centralmente e do qual procuram interpretar as intenções. A sua visão de currículo é centrada nos conteúdos do programa, um dos motivos para que o enquadramento ao nível dos meios institucionais e as competências esperadas ao nível do saber fazer e ao nível do saber ser nem sempre serem conhecidas e/ou cumpridas. Em Acão, revêem-se como figuras centrais do currículo. Todos se reveem com mais competência na implementação curricular à medida que vão adquirindo experiência profissional. Concordam com os temas do programa e um deles sugere a inclusão de um tema. Consideram que os conteúdos nem sempre estão bem organizados e mostram a necessidade de a metodologia do programa ser mais detalhada, evidenciando claramente os seus propósitos. Eventualmente, podem não concordar com a estrutura de currículo em espiral do programa. Os professores identificam mais formação com melhor desempenho. As necessidades de formação são: Metodologia do Ensino da Matemática, Resolução de Problemas, Avaliação e a Geometria ligada à utilização de materiais pedagógicos. O estudo parece indicar que os professores não desenvolvem práticas diferentes por não terem essa vivência e aponta os professores mais jovens como mais abertos à mudança. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to understand the perspective of the teacher in relation to the Mathematics curriculum of the 1st cycle of Secondary School of Cape Verde (grades 7-8) and to learn about his/her training needs to develop better skills and performance in their professional activity. The key questions in this study are: 1) how do Mathematics teachers, acting in the capacity of agents who interpret and implement the 1st cycle of Secondary School curriculum, see themselves in this curriculum? 2) What potentialities and difficulties can they recognize in the curriculum? 3) What areas do they consider in need of training to improve teaching capacity within such education grade? The theoretical framework of this investigation integrates two main areas: the curriculum and the teacher. An analysis of Cape-Verdian normative texts for education has been made, including the Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo (Basis Law of the Educational System), the Study plan for secondary school and the Mathematics program of the 1st cycle of secondary school. ln terms of methodology, we opted for an interpretative approach to our investigation, namely the case study. We looked at three case studies concerning the Cape-Verdian mathematics teacher of the 1st cycle of secondary school. The data collection uses a semi­structured interview for each teacher, the observation of three classes per participating teacher and the documental collection. Content analysis is the main technique used for analyzing the data. Teachers see themselves as practitioners of a uniform curriculum with mandatory compliance and delineated guidelines set by the administration, and they follow their own understanding of its intended purpose. Their vision of the curriculum is focused on program contents, one of the reasons why the expected skills at the level of "how to do" and "how to be" are not always known and/or done. ln their professional setting they see themselves with professional skills growing in tandem with professional experience. They all agree with the program contents but one of them suggests one content to add. ln their opinion the program is not always well organized and they suggest the need for a more comprehensive and detailed methodology of program contents. ln addition, they might not agree with the spiral structure of the program curriculum. They also identified the need for more elaborate professional training including: A Methodology for Mathematics Education, solving problems, Evaluation and the Geometry related to the utilization of pedagogical materials. The study seems to indicate that teachers refrain from developing different practices because of lack of experience but also demonstrates that younger teachers are more open to change.

Os inéditos-viáveis na e da formação continuada de professores que ensinam matemática nos anos iniciais da educação de jovens e adultos

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.

A REPORT ON THE MITEP PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON MY TEACHING

This report has two major objectives. First, the results of an action research project conducted at my high school concerning the use of graphic organizers and their effects on students' written expression abilities. The findings from this action research project indicate that the use of graphic organizers can prove beneficial to students. The second major objective of this report is to provide a reflection and evaluation of my experiences as a participant in the Michigan Teacher Excellence Program (MiTEP). This program provided middle and high school science teachers with an opportunity to develop research based pedagogy techniques and develop the skill necessary to serve as leaders within the public school science community. The action research project described in the first chapter of this report was a collaborative project I participated in during my enrollment in ED 5705 at Michigan Technological University. I worked closely with two other teachers in my building - Brytt Ergang and James Wright. We met several times to develop a research question, and a procedure for testing our question. Each of us investigated how the use of graphic organizers by students in our classroom might impact their performance on writing assessments. We each collected data from several of our classes. In my case I collected data from 2 different classes over 2 different assignments. Our data was collected and the results analyzed separately from classroom to classroom. After the individual classroom data and corresponding analysis was compiled my fellow collaborators and I got together to discuss our findings. We worked together to write a conclusion based on our combined results in all of our classes.

INCORPORATING REAL SCIENCE INTO THE SECONDARY CLASSROOM: AEROSOLS AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate science and climate change are included in the Next Generation Science Standards, curriculum standards that were released in 2013. How to incorporate these topics, especially climate change, has been a difficult task for teachers. A team of scientists are studying aerosols in the free troposphere; what their properties are, how they change while in the atmosphere and where they came from. Lessons were created based on this real, ongoing scientific research being conducted in the Azores. During these activities, students are exposed to what scientists actually do in the form of videos and participate in similar tasks such as conducting experiments, collecting data, and analyzing data. At the conclusion of the lessons, students will form conclusions based on the evidence they have at the time.

MICHIGAN TEACHER EXCELLENCE PROGRAM: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES AND IMPACT

This report is a summary of the effects of the Michigan Teacher Excellence Program (MITEP) on me as a science educator. The first chapter is a report of an action research project jointly authored with two other science teachers participating in the MITEP program titled “Station Activities and Misconceptions in the Chemistry Classroom.” The second chapter is a reflective essay evaluating the impacts of the MITEP experience on my teaching skills and practice, knowledge of science education and science education research, and leadership skills. The most significant impacts were a dramatic increase in my earth science content knowledge, a deeper understanding of inquiry-based teaching methods, and an expanded professional network of science educators.

MICHIGAN TEACHER EXCELLENCE PROGRAM: A LIFE-CHANGING EXPERIENCE

The first chapter consists of an action research report submitted by Rebecca Joyce, Kari Luckett, and Claudia Witt as part of the Action Research class taken through the Michigan Teacher Excellence Program (MiTEP) during the winter of 2013. The research involved the use of stations to address student misconceptions in urban high school chemistry classrooms. Chapter two contains a personal reflection on the MiTEP program and how it has affected teaching strategies/practices, personal confidence, and professional relationships.

An Ethnographic Study: Becoming a Physics Expert in a Biophysics Research Group

Expertise in physics has been traditionally studied in cognitive science, where physics expertise is understood through the difference between novice and expert problem solving skills. The cognitive perspective of physics experts only create a partial model of physics expertise and does not take into account the development of physics experts in the natural context of research. This dissertation takes a social and cultural perspective of learning through apprenticeship to model the development of physics expertise of physics graduate students in a research group. I use a qualitative methodological approach of an ethnographic case study to observe and video record the common practices of graduate students in their biophysics weekly research group meetings. I recorded notes on observations and conduct interviews with all participants of the biophysics research group for a period of eight months. I apply the theoretical framework of Communities of Practice to distinguish the cultural norms of the group that cultivate physics expert practices. Results indicate that physics expertise is specific to a topic or subfield and it is established through effectively publishing research in the larger biophysics research community. The participant biophysics research group follows a learning trajectory for its students to contribute to research and learn to communicate their research in the larger biophysics community. In this learning trajectory students develop expert member competencies to learn to communicate their research and to learn the standards and trends of research in the larger research community. Findings from this dissertation expand the model of physics expertise beyond the cognitive realm and add the social and cultural nature of physics expertise development. This research also addresses ways to increase physics graduate student success towards their PhD. and decrease the 48% attrition rate of physics graduate students. Cultivating effective research experiences that give graduate students agency and autonomy beyond their research groups gives students the motivation to finish graduate school and establish their physics expertise.

Pavimentações do plano : uma exploração com materiais manipulativos no 4º ano de escolaridade

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré- Escolar e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.

Laborativt arbete med konkret material inom matematikämnet : En empirisk studie med lågstadiets matematikundervisning i blickfånget

Matematiken är en abstrakt vetenskap. Laborativt arbete med konkret material sägs kunna överbrygga glappet mellan abstrakt och konkret. Denna kvalitativa studie syftar utforska vilka möjligheter och begränsningar lågstadielärare erfar kring konkret material. Resultatet visar att en vanlig uppfattning bland lågstadielärare är att konkret material besitter den positiva egenskapen att stötta elever i alla åldrar och nivåer i arbetet med att utveckla matematisk förståelse. Detta genom att konstruera inre bilder av matematiken hos eleverna, vilka sedan kan stötta eleverna på vägen mot matematisk abstraktion och generalisering. Arbetssättet tycks också kunna väcka intresse, nyfikenhet och lust att lära matematik samt bjuda in till rikare möjligheter till kommunikation jämfört med läroboksfokuserad undervisning. Dock har valet av konkret material betydelse. Negativa faktorer som uppmärksammats är att leklust riskerar ta fokus från matematiken samt att duktiga elever särskiljer laborativ matematik med konkret material från "riktig" matematik i läroboken. Dokumentationen av arbetet kring det konkreta materialet är dessutom tidskrävande. En slutsats som dras är att laborativt arbete med konkret material inte ensamt kan stå som bas för elevers matematiska utveckling. Däremot kan arbetssättet kombineras med lärobokens färdighetsträning och matematikdiskussioner och tillsammans bidra till fördjupad förståelse genom att eleverna i ett varierat arbetssätt tillåts möta matematikens olika uttrycksformer.

¿Equidad de género en la enseñanza de las Matemáticas?

Recibido 02 de setiembre de 2011 • Aceptado 23 de febrero de 2012 • Corregido 21 de marzo de 2012    La enseñanza de las Matemáticas se ha visto influenciada por la presencia de ciertos estereotipos que han determinado el comportamiento y afectado el rendimiento del estudiantado en dicha disciplina. Diversas investigaciones han señalado la relación de inequidad que hombres y mujeres poseen respecto a las matemáticas y la responsabilidad que el profesorado tiene en su construcción. Por tal motivo se plantea la necesidad de llevar a cabo acciones concretas que permitan la construcción de relaciones de equidad en dicha disciplina, basadas en los principios de respeto, solidaridad y ayuda mutua entre los géneros.

Experiencias de investigación en la secundaria: una visión desde adentro

This paper shows results of the project on Alfabetización crítica en la cultura escolar: Cultura política en la educación secundaria costarricense, currently being developed at the División de  Educología, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica. The first phase of this research refers to the aim to know more about the reaction of high school students dealing in the traditional authoritarian type school. There are evidences that a repressive and excluding scholar institution does not promote the integral development of the students. This new phase of the project gathers also the voice of teachers. Through the action-research methodology teachers are accompanied and encouraged into a process of deep thinking on those problematic aspects of the school environment. Our main objective is to compare the opinions between students and teachers. experiencias de investigación en la secundaria: una visión desde adentro

Weak reasoning argumentative theory. A dialogical approach for the discovery of philosophy in high schools

In the literature on philosophical practices, despite the crucial role that argumentation plays in these activities, no specific argumentative theories have ever been proposed to assist the figure of the facilitator in conducting philosophical dialogue and to enhance student’s critical thinking skills. The dissertation starts from a cognitive perspective that challenges the classic Cartesian notion of rationality by focusing on limits and biases of human reasoning. An argumentative model (WRAT – Weak Reasoning Argumentative Theory) is then outlined in order to respond to the needs of philosophical dialogue. After justifying the claim that this learning activity, among other inductive methodologies, is the most suitable for critical thinking education, I inquired into the specific goal of ‘arguing’ within this context by means of the tools provided by Speech Act Theory: the speaker’s intention is to construct new knowledge by questioning her own and other’s beliefs. The model proposed has been theorized on this assumption, starting from which the goals, and, in turn, the related norms, have been pinpointed. In order to include all the epistemic attitudes required to accomplish the complex task of arguing in philosophical dialogue, I needed to integrate two opposed cognitive accounts, Dual Process Theory and Evolutionary Approach, that, although they provide incompatible descriptions of reasoning, can be integrated to provide a normative account of argumentation. The model, apart from offering a theoretical contribution to argumentation studies, is designed to be applied to the Italian educational system, in particular to classes in technical and professional high schools belonging to the newly created network Inventio. This initiative is one of the outcomes of the research project by the same name, which also includes an original Syllabus, research seminars, a monitoring action and publications focused on introducing philosophy, in the form of workshop activities, into technical and professional schools.

A critical analysis on "Active Learning" in the light of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT): Implications to Physics Education and to experimental activities as a particular case.

This is a research paper in which we discuss “active learning” in the light of Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), a powerful framework to analyze human activity, including teaching and learning process and the relations between education and wider human dimensions as politics, development, emancipation etc. This framework has its origin in Vygotsky's works in the psychology, supported by a Marxist perspective, but nowadays is a interdisciplinary field encompassing History, Anthropology, Psychology, Education for example.

The production of school numbers (1871-1931): contributions to a critical approach to statistical sources in History of Education

This article intends to contribute to the reflection on the Educational Statistics as being source for the researches on History of Education. The main concern was to reveal the way Educational Statistics related to the period from 1871 to 1931 were produced, in central government. Official reports - from the General Statistics Directory - and Statistics yearbooks released by that department were analyzed and, on this analysis, recommendations and definitions to perform the works were sought. By rending problematic to the documental issues on Educational Statistics and their usual interpretations, the intention was to reduce the ignorance about the origin of the school numbers, which are occasionally used in current researches without the convenient critical exam.