Economic Impact of Identity Theft in India: Lessons from Western Countries

In this computerized, globalised and internet world our computer collects various types of information’s about every human being and stores them in files secreted deep on its hard drive. Files like cache, browser history and other temporary Internet files can be used to store sensitive information like logins and passwords, names addresses, and even credit card numbers. Now, a hacker can get at this information by wrong means and share with someone else or can install some nasty software on your computer that will extract your sensitive and secret information. Identity Theft posses a very serious problem to everyone today. If you have a driver’s license, a bank account, a computer, ration card number, PAN card number, ATM card or simply a social security number you are more than at risk, you are a target. Whether you are new to the idea of ID Theft, or you have some unanswered questions, we’ve compiled a quick refresher list below that should bring you up to speed. Identity theft is a term used to refer to fraud that involves pretending to be someone else in order to steal money or get other benefits. Identity theft is a serious crime, which is increasing at tremendous rate all over the world after the Internet evolution. There is widespread agreement that identity theft causes financial damage to consumers, lending institutions, retail establishments, and the economy as a whole. Surprisingly, there is little good public information available about the scope of the crime and the actual damages it inflicts. Accounts of identity theft in recent mass media and in film or literature have centered on the exploits of 'hackers' - variously lauded or reviled - who are depicted as cleverly subverting corporate firewalls or other data protection defenses to gain unauthorized access to credit card details, personnel records and other information. Reality is more complicated, with electronic identity fraud taking a range of forms. The impact of those forms is not necessarily quantifiable as a financial loss; it can involve intangible damage to reputation, time spent dealing with disinformation and exclusion from particular services because a stolen name has been used improperly. Overall we can consider electronic networks as an enabler for identity theft, with the thief for example gaining information online for action offline and the basis for theft or other injury online. As Fisher pointed out "These new forms of hightech identity and securities fraud pose serious risks to investors and brokerage firms across the globe," I am a victim of identity theft. Being a victim of identity theft I felt the need for creating an awareness among the computer and internet users particularly youngsters in India. Nearly 70 per cent of Indian‘s population are living in villages. Government of India already started providing computer and internet facilities even to the remote villages through various rural development and rural upliftment programmes. Highly educated people, established companies, world famous financial institutions are becoming victim of identity theft. The question here is how vulnerable the illiterate and innocent rural people are if they suddenly exposed to a new device through which some one can extract and exploit their personal data without their knowledge? In this research work an attempt has been made to bring out the real problems associated with Identity theft in developed countries from an economist point of view.

A Secure Email System Based on Identity Based Encryption

Now a days, email has become the most widely communication way in daily life. The main reason for using email is probably because of the convenience and speed in which it can be transmitted irrespective of geographical distances. To improve security and efficiency of email system, most of the email system adopt PKI and IBE encryption schemes. However, both PKI and IBE encryption schemes have their own shortcomings and consequently bring security issues to email systems. This paper proposes a new secure email system based on IBE which combines finger print authentication and proxy service for encryption and decryption

Gender and Space in Tehran

Abstract: This dissertation generally concentrates on the relationships between “gender” and “space” in the present time of urban life in capital city of Tehran. “Gender” as a changing social construct, differentiated within societies and through time, studied this time by investigation on “gender attitude” or “gender identity” means attitudes towards “gender” issues regarding Tehran residences. “Space” as a concept integrated from physical and social constituents investigated through focus on “spatial attitude” means attitudes towards using “living spaces” including private space of “house”, semi private semi public space of neighborhood and finally public spaces of the city. “Activities and practices” in space concentrated instead of “physical” space; this perspective to “space” discussed as the most justified implication of “space” in this debate regarding current situations in city of Tehran. Under a systematic approach, the interactions and interconnections between “gender” and “space” as two constituent variables of social organization investigated by focus on the different associations presented between different “gender identities” and their different “spatial identities”; in fact, “spatial identity” manifests “gender identity” and in opposite direction, “spatial identity” influences to construction of “gender identity”. The hypotheses of case study in Tehran defined as followed: • “Gender identity” is reflected on “spatial identity”. Various “gender identities” in Tehran present different perspectives of “space” or they identify “space” by different values. • As “gender identity” internalizes patriarchal oppression, it internalizes associated “spatial” oppression too. • Within the same social class, different “gender identities” related to men and women, present interconnected qualities, compared with “gender identities” related to men or women of different social classes. This situation could be found in the “spatial” perspectives of different groups of men and women too. • Following the upper hypotheses, “spatial” oppression differs among social classes of Tehran living in different parts of this city. This research undertook a qualitative study in Tehran by interviewing with different parents of both young daughter and son regarding their attitudes towards gender issues from one side and activities and behaviors of their children in different spaces from the other side. Results of case study indicated the parallel changes of parents’ attitudes towards “gender” and “spatial” issues; it means strong connection between “gender” and “space”. It revealed association of “equal” spatial attitudes with “open, neutral” gender attitudes, and also the association of “biased, unequal” spatial identities with “conservative patriarchal” gender identities. It was cleared too that this variable concept – gender space - changes by “sex”; mothers comparing fathers presented more equitable notions towards “gender spatial” issues. It changes too by “social class” and “educational level”, that means “gender spatial” identity getting more open equitable among more educated people of middle and upper classes. “Breadwinning status in the family” also presents its effect on the changes of “gender spatial” identity so participant breadwinners in the family expressed relatively more equitable notions comparing householders and housekeepers. And finally, “gender spatial” identity changes through “place” in the city and regarding South – North line of the city. The illustration of changes of “gender spatial” identity from “open” to “conservative” among society indicated not only vertical variation across social classes, furthermore the horizontal changing among each social class. These results also confirmed hypotheses while made precision on the third one regarding variable of sex. More investigations pointed to some inclusive spatial attitudes throughout society penetrated to different groups of “gender identities”, to “opens” as to “conservatives”, also to groups between them, by two opposite features; first kind, conservative biased spatial practices in favor of patriarchal gender relations and the second, progressive neutral actions in favor of equal gender relations. While the major reason for the inclusive conservative practices was referred to the social insecurity for women, the second neutral ones associated to more formal & safer spaces of the city. In conclusion, while both trends are associated deeply with the important issues of “sex” & “body” in patriarchal thoughts, still strong, they are the consequences of the transitional period of social change in macro level, and the challenges involved regarding interactions between social orders, between old system of patriarchy, the traditional biased “gender spatial” relations and the new one of equal relations. The case study drew an inhomogeneous illustration regarding gender spatial aspects of life in Tehran, the opposite groups of “open” and “conservative”, and the large group of “semi open semi conservative” between them. In macro perspective it presents contradicted social groups according their general life styles; they are the manifestations of challenging trends towards tradition and modernity in Iranian society. This illustration while presents unstable social situations, necessitates probing solutions for social integration; exploring the directions could make heterogeneous social groups close in the way they think and the form they live in spaces. Democratic approaches like participatory development planning might be helpful for the city in its way to more solidarity and sustainability regarding its social spatial – gender as well – development, in macro levels of social spatial planning and in micro levels of physical planning, in private space of house and in public spaces of the city.

Landschaftsperspektiven der Nutzer

Die vorliegende Arbeit macht Vorschläge zur Einbindung der Öffentlichkeit in Planungsbestrebungen vor Ort, wobei vor allem Methoden empirischer Sozialforschung und deren Anwendbarkeit in landschaftsplanerischen Vorhaben näher betrachtet werden. Hiermit finden insbesondere Wertezuweisungen durch die Bürger stärkere Berücksichtigung. Es wird angenommen, dass, um eine zukunftsweisende Landschaftsplanung zu etablieren, Planer und Fachleute lernen müssen, wie die lokale Bevölkerung ihre Umwelt wahrnimmt und empfindet und welche Ideen sie für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Landschaft haben. Als empirische Grundlage werden Fallstudien aus Bad Soden am Taunus, Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg und Kassel-Rothenditmold präsentiert und verglichen. Rothenditmold und Wilhelmsburg zeichnen sich durch hohe Einwohneranteile mit Migrationshintergrund aus, weisen relativ hohe Arbeitslosenquoten auf und sind als soziale Brennpunkte bekannt – zumindest für Außenstehende. Beide Stadtteile versuchen ihr Image aufzuwerten. In Wilhelmsburg wird dieses Vorhaben in die großräumigen Veränderungen eingebunden, die von verschiedenen Hamburger Großprojekten ausstrahlen. In Rothenditmold ist vor allem Eigeninitiative durch den Stadtteil selbst gefragt. In Bad Soden gibt es ebenfalls viele Menschen mit ausländischen Wurzeln. Sie gehören allerdings mehrheitlich der gesellschaftlichen Mittel- und Oberschicht an. Bad Soden verfügt über ein insgesamt positives Image, das aller kulturellen Veränderungen zum Trotz beibehalten werden soll. Entsprechende Initiativen gehen hier ebenfalls von der Gemeinde selbst aus. An allen Standorten hat es drastische Landschaftsveränderungen und speziell deren Erscheinung gegeben. Bad Soden und Wilhelmsburg haben dabei Teile ihres vormals ländlichen Charakters zu bewahren, während in Rothenditmold vor allem Zeugnisse aus der Zeit der Industrialisierung erhalten sind und den Ort prägen. Die Landschaften haben jeweils ihre einzigartigen Erscheinungen. Zumindest Teile der Landschaften ermöglichen eine Identifikation, sind attraktiv und liefern gute Erholungsmöglichkeiten. Um diese Qualitäten zu bewahren, müssen sie entsprechend gepflegt und weiter entwickelt werden. Dazu sind die Interessen und Wünsche der Bewohner zu ermitteln und in Planungen einzuarbeiten. Die Arbeit strebt einen Beitrag zur Lebensraumentwicklung für und mit Menschen an, die mittels ausgewählter Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung eingebunden werden. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass die vorgestellten und erprobten Methoden sinnvoll in Projekte der Landschaftsplanung eingebunden werden können. Mit ihnen können ergänzende Erkenntnisse zum jeweiligen Landschaftsraum gewonnen werden, da sie helfen, die kollektive Wahrnehmung der Landschaft durch die Bevölkerung zu erfassen, um sie anschließend in Planungsentwürfe einbinden zu können. Mit der Untersuchung wird in den drei vorgestellten Fallstudien exemplarisch erfasst, welche Elemente der Landschaft für die Bewohner von besonderer Bedeutung sind. Darüber hinaus lernen Planer, welche Methoden zur Ermittlung emotionaler Landschaftswerte verfügbar sind und auf welcher Ebene der Landschaftsplanung sowie bei welchen Zielgruppen sie eingesetzt werden können. Durch die Verknüpfung landschaftsplanerischer Erfassungsmethoden mit Methoden der empirischen Sozialwissenschaft (Fragebogen, Interviews, „Spaziergangsinterviews“, gemeinsame Erarbeitung von Projekten bis zur Umsetzung) sowie der Möglichkeit zur Rückkoppelung landschaftsplaneri-scher Entwürfe mit der Bevölkerung wird eine Optimierung dieser Entwürfe sowohl im Sinne der Planer als auch im Sinne der Bürger erreicht. Zusätzlich wird die Wahrnehmung teilnehmender Bevölkerung für ihre Umwelt geschärft, da sie aufgefordert wird, sich mit ihrer Lebensumgebung bewusst auseinander zu setzen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung sind Beitrag und Beleg zu der Annahme, dass ergänzende Methoden in der Landschaftsplanung zur stärkeren Interessenberücksichtigung der von Planung betroffenen Menschen benötigt werden. Zudem zeigen die Studien auf, wie man dem planungsethischen Anspruch, die Öffentlichkeit einzubeziehen, näher kommt. Resultat sind eine bessere Bewertung und Akzeptanz der Planungen und das nicht nur aus landschaftsplanerisch-fachlicher Sicht. Landschaftsplaner sollten ein Interesse daran haben, dass ihre Entwürfe ernst genommen und akzeptiert werden. Das schaffen sie, wenn sie der Bevölkerung nicht etwas aufplanen, sondern ihnen entsprechende Einflussmöglichkeiten bieten und Landschaft mit ihnen gemeinsam entwickeln.

The cultural context of children's learning and identity in England, France and Denmark

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Looking at teacher identity through self-regulation

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Perception of personal identity at home

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Análisis de la incidencia de la política pública musical de Bogotá “Festival Rock al Parque 2008-2009” sobre la cultura democrática

El Festival Rock al Parque es un evento de interés cultural desarrollado y ejecutado por la Administración Distrital de Bogotá, a través del cual se fomenta la creación de propuestas artísticas y se intervienen diversas problemáticas sociales utilizando la música rock como un medio directo para llegar a los jóvenes de la ciudad. Este Festival nace en 1995 y se ha desarrollado ininterrumpidamente hasta el día de hoy. Aunque ha pasado por diversas dificultades, el Festival es un ícono representativo de identidad de las bogotanas y los bogotanos. En este Trabajo de investigación se analiza el Festival Rock al Parque como política pública liderada por la Orquesta Filarmónica de Bogotá y su incidencia en tres aspectos de la cultura democrática, a saber la cultura ciudadana, la participación ciudadana y la apropiación del espacio público.

Influencia de la formulación del Plan de Desarrollo bajo el modelo de Planeación Participativa, en la construcción de ciudadanía y gobernabilidad, en el Municipio de Zipaquirá, periodo 2008 2011

El texto permite al lector aproximarse al conocimiento de las dinámicas de participación en las ciudades y reconocer su importancia para la generación de una cultura cívica, el surgimiento de la acción colectiva y la consolidación de una responsabilidad compartida entre la sociedad civil y el Estado. La ciudadanía y la gobernabilidad son dos aspectos necesarios para la vida en los centros urbanos en la actualidad, para su construcción es necesario realizar procesos impulsados desde las administraciones municipales o por los ciudadanos, uno de los mecanismos es la formulación de los planes de desarrollo bajo el modelo de planeación participativa.

What's in a name? The Semantic Web's identity crisis

WAIS Seminar, presented 29 Mar 2012

Identity and Privacy Presentation using Prezi

For Ethics in a Complex World module. General topics with links to resources about identity and privacy. Mainly looking at online identity and how you manage it effectively.

Identity is the new Money

Three things to think about and Three possible futures to discuss

Computer Applications: Online Identity

Week 4

Disability and Identity Processes

This article presents a reflection about the Disability like a human phenomenon, which needs not only new definitions if not a criticism point of view as a Concept, with the end of indicate representations forms not only for people with disabilities if not for the citizens in general. Considers discourses that identify arguments from social sciences, appearing the Disability like a differentiate condition between human beings, mainly for an exclusion process that announce social behaviors in relations with the persons with disabilities.