Validação de estudos neurocomportamentais após exposição à agroquímicos no período perinatal de roedores.

A exposição materna de roedores a agroquímicos durante a fase reprodutiva pode levar a alterações no desenvolvimento deles. Consequentemente, a avaliação dos possíveis efeitos da exposição aos agroquímicos é importante de ser realizada em diferentes períodos de desenvolvimento, especialmente naqueles considerados críticos devido a possível influência no sistema nervoso. Para tanto, deve-se identificar bioindicadores que busquem estabelecer uma relação entre a exposição ocorrida e os efeitos na saúde, bem como observar a possível influência de fatores intercorrentes à avaliação experimental que possam ocasionar vieses nos resultados obtidos. A avaliação crítica dos indicadores e dos resultados decorrentes de seu uso exercem papel preponderante no aprimoramento da avaliação perinatal e na implementação de políticas que minimizem os possíveis riscos a que os organismos jovens estão expostos.

Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to the neuronal dopaminergic fate

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2013

Role of chemerin and its receptors in mouse models of tumorigenesis

Dissertação de Mestrado, Oncobiologia: Mecanismos Moleculares do Cancro, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Adaptation of motor control to training and disuse : contribution of muscle synergy analysis and movement variability

The well-known degrees of freedom problem originally introduced by Nikolai Bernstein (1967) results from the high abundance of degrees of freedom in the musculoskeletal system. Such abundance in motor control have two sides: i) because it is unlikely that the Central Nervous System controls each degree of freedom independently, the complexity of the control needs to be reduced, and ii) because there are many options to perform a movement, a repetition of a given movement is never the same. It leads to two main topics in motor control and biomechanics: motor coordination and motor variability. The present thesis aimed to understand how motor systems behave and adapt under specific conditions. This thesis comprises three studies that focused on three topics of major interest in the field of sports sciences and medicine: expertise, injury risk and fatigue. The first study (expertise) has focused on the muscle coordination topic to further investigate the effect of expertise on the muscle synergistic organization, which ultimately may represent the underlying neural strategies. Studies 2 (excessive medial knee displacement) and 3 (fatigue) both aimed to better understand its impact on the dynamic local stability. The main findings of the present thesis suggest: 1) there is a great robustness in muscle synergistic organization between swimmers at different levels of expertise (study 1, chapter II), which ultimately indicate that differences in muscle coordination is mainly explained by peripheral adaptations; 2) injury risk factors such as excessive medial knee displacement (study 2, chapter III) and fatigue (study 3, chapter IV) alter the dynamic local stability of the neuromuscular system towards a more unstable state. This change in dynamic local stability represents a loss of adaptability in the neuromuscular system reducing the flexibility to adapt to a perturbation.

Validation of neurobehavioral studies for evaluating the perinatal effects of single and mixture exposure to pesticides.

2009

Avaliação preliminar da contaminação por BTEX, em água subterrânea de poços tubulares, no município de Natal-RN

Among the different types of pollutants typically attributed to human activities, the petroleum products are one of the most important because of its toxic potential. This toxicity is attributed to the presence of substances such as benzene and its derivatives are very toxic to the central nervous system of man, with chronic toxicity, even in small concentrations. The area chosen for study was the city of Natal, capital of Rio Grande do Norte, where samples were collected in six different areas in the city, comprising 10 wells located in the urban area, being carried out in three distinct periods March/2009, December / June/2010 and 2009, and were evaluated for contamination by volatile hydrocarbons (BTEX - benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), so this work aimed to assess the quality of groundwater wells that supply funding for public supply and trade in the urban area of the city of Natal, in Rio Grande do Norte, contributing to the environmental assessment of the municipality. The analysis of BTEX in water was performed according to EPA Method 8021b. Was used the technique of headspace (TriPlus TP100) coupled to high resolution gas chromatography with selective photoionization detector (PID) and flame ionization (FID) - model Trace GC Ultra, Thermo Electron Corporation brand. The procedure adopted allowed the detection of concentrations of the order of μg.L-1. Data analysis with respect to BTEX in groundwater in the area monitored so far, shows that water quality is still preserved, because it exceeds the limits imposed by the potability Resolution CONAMA Nº. 396, April 2008

Modello stocastico per la plasticità sinaptica

Nel sistema nervoso centrale i neuroni comunicano l'uno con l'altro attraverso le connessioni sinaptiche e sono soggetti a centinaia di stimoli, ma hanno la capacità di distinguerli l'uno dall'altro. L'abilità delle sinapsi di interpretare questi cambiamenti morfologici e biochimici è detta \textit{plasticità sinaptica} e l'obiettivo di questa tesi è proprio studiare un modello per le dinamiche di questo affascinante processo, da un punto di vista prima deterministico e poi stocastico. Infatti le reazioni che inducono la plasticità sinaptica sono ben approssimate da equazioni differenziali non lineari, ma nel caso di poche molecole bisogna tener conto delle fluttuazioni e quindi sono necessari dei metodi di analisi stocastici. Nel primo capitolo, dopo aver introdotto gli aspetti fondamentali del sistema biochimico coinvolto e dopo aver accennato ai diversi studi che hanno approcciato l'argomento, viene illustrato il modello basato sull'aggregazione delle proteine (PADP) volto a spiegare la plasticità sinaptica. Con il secondo capitolo si introducono i concetti matematici che stanno alla base dei processi stocastici, strumenti utili per studiare e descrivere la dinamica dei sistemi biochimici. Il terzo capitolo introduce una giustificazione matematica riguardo la modellizzazione in campo medio e vede una prima trattazione del modello, con relativa applicazione, sui moscerini. Successivamente si applica il modello di cui sopra ai mammiferi e se ne studia nel dettaglio la dinamica del sistema e la dipendenza dai parametri di soglia che portano alle varie transizioni di fase che coinvolgono le proteine. Infine si è voluto osservare questo sistema da un punto di vista stocastico inserendo il rumore di Wiener per poi confrontare i risultati con quelli ottenuti dall'approccio deterministico.

Suplementos alimentares termogénicos contendo cafeína

Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição

Caracterização farmacognóstica da droga e do extrato fluído de perobinha do campo - Acosmium subelegans (Mohlemb) Yakovl.

Entre as plantas brasileiras empregadas como calmante, tranquilizante, e sedativo do sistema nervoso, destaca-se Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenb.) Yakovi., da família Leguminosae, que consta da Farmacopeia Brasileira, 1. edição, sob o nome de Swetia elegans. Apesar da importância desta planta, não existe ainda padronização de seus extratos nem as caracterizações com vistas a identificação e dosagem dos mesmos. Este último item torna-se muito importante, levando-se em consideração que muitas drogas alcaloides tem o seu teor em alcaloides alterado nas diferentes fases do desenvolvimento da planta. Foram caracterizados macro e microscopicamente a raiz, caule e folha da espécie Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenb.) Yakovi.. Os extratos fluidos foram caracterizados através de cromatografia, resíduo seco, cinzas, pH. densidade e teor alcoólico; foi estabelecido método de quantificação dos alcaloides e pesquisado o teor alcaloidico da planta florida e sem flor. Os alcaloides foram dosados considerando o resultado como sweetinima, principal alcaloide já isolado desta planta.

Interspecies study of the enteric nervous system and related pathologies

The enteric nervous system (ENS) modulates a number of digestive functions including well known ones, i.e. motility, secretion, absorption and blood flow, along with other critically relevant processes, i.e. immune responses of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, gut microbiota and epithelial barrier . The characterization of the anatomical aspects of the ENS in large mammals and the identification of differences and similarities existing between species may represent a fundamental basis to decipher several digestive GI diseases in humans and animals. In this perspective, the aim of the present thesis is to highlight the ENS anatomical basis and pathological aspects in different mammalian species, such as horses, dogs and humans. Firstly, I designed two anatomical studies in horses:  “Excitatory and inhibitory enteric innervation of horse lower esophageal sphincter”.  “Localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor (5-HT4R) in the equine enteric nervous system”. Then I focused on the enteric dysfunctions, including:  A primary enteric aganglionosis in horses: “Extrinsic innervation of the ileum and pelvic flexure of foals with ileocolonic aganglionosis”.  A diabetic enteric neuropathy in dogs: “Quantification of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric antrum and ileum of healthy and diabetic dogs”.  An enteric neuropathy in human neurological patients: “Functional and neurochemical abnormalities in patients with Parkinson's disease and chronic constipation”. The physiology of the GI tract is characterized by a high complexity and it is mainly dependent on the control of the intrinsic nervous system. ENS is critical to preserve body homeostasis as reflect by its derangement occurring in pathological conditions that can be lethal or seriously disabling to humans and animals. The knowledge of the anatomy and the pathology of the ENS represents a new important and fascinating topic, which deserves more attention in the veterinary medicine field.

Um sistema especialista via web para diagnóstico e tratamento de doenças de milho baseado em um framework orientados a objetos.

2007

O sistema imune dos insetos e o controle de algumas doenças parasitárias humanas

Parasitic diseases in humans, transmitted by insects, affect about 500 million people living mainly in countries of low economic power. The control of these diseases is difficult to carry out, mianly due to social and political problems, enhanced by the capacity of these organisms to develop resistance to insecticides used to for their destruction. Some recent advances in the area of insect immunology have open the possibility for abetter epidemiological control of these diseases. The immune system of these insects, as well as that of other organisms, have the ability to recognize the infecting parasites and liberate a series of reactions which stop the infection. These reactions involve the circulating cells (hemocytes) against the parasite. These cells have the ability of phagocytize and liberate the production of various humoral factors, neutralizing the infection. Some promising results, obtained by the study of the immune system of malaria-transmitting insects, the sleeping disease, and dengue, are an example of this new sanitary strategy.

Prática de atividades físicas, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e mortalidade entre adultos usuários da atenção primária do sistema público de saúde de Bauru, São Paulo: estudo longitudinal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação de Sistema de Informações Geográficas na análise espacial de doenças do milho no Brasil.

This study presents an application of the geographical information system technology on plant disease involving a multidisciplinary teamwork of geoprocessing and physiopathology specialists. The spatial analysis tools in a GIS were used to evaluate the spatial distribution of two diseases of maize in Brazil: polysora rusl caused by Puccinia polysora and tropical rust caused by Physopella zeae. A database of cIimate variables (mean temperature. relative humidity. and leaf wetness duration) of cIimatological normal from 1961-1990 was obtained and then related it to a mathematical model of disease development (polysora rust) and to the cIimate intervals (tropical rust) in order to obtain the maps. The choice of the model or the favorable climate interval is the important chalIenge of the method because the difficulty of adequacy to the spatial and temporal scales for the specific application. The major incidence of both disease occurred in almost alI the North region from January to June. although this region has traditionalIy a low production of maize. Considering the biggest producers regions. for both the diseases, favorable areas are located in part of Mato Grosso, Tocanlins. Minas Gerais; Mato Grosso do Sul. and coastal areas of São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. varying among the dilferent months from January to June. The method allowed making an adequate distinction of the states and the months considered.