Developing resistant plants : the ideal method of controlling insects /

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La matriz de insumo-producto de América del Sur: principales supuestos y consideraciones metodológicas

Esta nota ha sido preparada como resultado del proyecto conjunto de la Comisión Económica para América latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) del Brasil para la elaboración de una matriz de insumo-producto interconectada para los países de América del Sur, instrumento que a su vez será de utilidad para el análisis de cadenas de valor en esa región.

Los Educados : ¿Del ideal del ciudadano al ciudadano ideal?

El presente trabajo indaga sobre las percepciones que las personas, que han alcanzado niveles educativos universitarios, tienen sobre diferentes dimensiones de la política. En tal sentido, hemos decidido dividir nuestra labor en tres dimensiones de análisis. De esta manera observaremos como basándose, fundamentalmente, en los elementos obtenidos por su recorrido en la educación formal, nuestros entrevistados, esbozan opiniones, con coherencia y cierta unicidad, que expresan claramente cuales son los significados que encuentran "legítimos" para: 1) Representación política, 2) Ciudadanía y nuevas formas de representación política y 3) Educación y calidad de la política. La organización que presentamos corresponde a los ejes que, nuestros entrevistados, han relacionado a lo largo de los encuentros. La mayoría de ellos tiene más de cuarenta años e ingresos económicos medios y altos. Si bien la principal propiedad, de este conjunto, es su trayectoria educacional, la edad y los ingresos serán elementos relevantes para caracterizar sus diferentes discursos

Los Educados : ¿Del ideal del ciudadano al ciudadano ideal?

El presente trabajo indaga sobre las percepciones que las personas, que han alcanzado niveles educativos universitarios, tienen sobre diferentes dimensiones de la política. En tal sentido, hemos decidido dividir nuestra labor en tres dimensiones de análisis. De esta manera observaremos como basándose, fundamentalmente, en los elementos obtenidos por su recorrido en la educación formal, nuestros entrevistados, esbozan opiniones, con coherencia y cierta unicidad, que expresan claramente cuales son los significados que encuentran "legítimos" para: 1) Representación política, 2) Ciudadanía y nuevas formas de representación política y 3) Educación y calidad de la política. La organización que presentamos corresponde a los ejes que, nuestros entrevistados, han relacionado a lo largo de los encuentros. La mayoría de ellos tiene más de cuarenta años e ingresos económicos medios y altos. Si bien la principal propiedad, de este conjunto, es su trayectoria educacional, la edad y los ingresos serán elementos relevantes para caracterizar sus diferentes discursos

Non-ideal monitoring of a qubit state using a quantum tunnelling device

We propose a model for non-ideal monitoring of the state of a coupled quantum dot qubit by a quantum tunnelling device. The non-ideality is modelled using an equivalent measurement circuit. This allows realistically available measurement results to be related to the state of the quantum system (qubit). We present a quantum trajectory that describes the stochastic evolution of the qubit state conditioned by tunnelling events (i.e. current) through the device. We calculate and compare the noise power spectra of the current in an ideal and a non-ideal measurement. The results show that when the two qubit dots are strongly coupled the non-ideal measurement cannot detect the qubit state precisely. The limitation of the ideal model for describing a realistic system maybe estimated from the noise spectra.

Locating cosmopolitanism - Between humanist ideal and grounded social category

The emerging interdisciplinary body of cosmopolitanism research has established a promising field of theoretical endeavour by bringing into focus questions concerning globalization, nationalism, population movements, cultural values and identity. Yet, despite its potential importance, what characterizes recent cosmopolitanism research is an idealist sentiment that considerably marginalizes the significance of the structures of nation-state and citizenship, while leaving unspecified the empirical sociological dimensions of cosmopolitanism itself. Our critique aims at making cosmopolitanism a more productive analytical tool. We argue for a cosmopolitanism that consists of conceptually and empirically identifiable values and outlooks. While there has been some progress made in this direction in the recent literature on cosmopolitanism, most writing still considers cosmopolitanism as something so delicate that it cannot be measured. Furthermore, in order to appreciate the full currency of the concept, we argue that researchers must not only agree on some common determinants of cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitan dispositions, but also ground their analyses of cosmopolitanism in the context of enduring nation-state structures.

Distance measures to compare real and ideal quantum processes

With growing success in experimental implementations it is critical to identify a gold standard for quantum information processing, a single measure of distance that can be used to compare and contrast different experiments. We enumerate a set of criteria that such a distance measure must satisfy to be both experimentally and theoretically meaningful. We then assess a wide range of possible measures against these criteria, before making a recommendation as to the best measures to use in characterizing quantum information processing.

Topological side-chain classification of beta-turns: Ideal motifs for peptidomimetic development

beta-turns are important topological motifs for biological recognition of proteins and peptides. Organic molecules that sample the side chain positions of beta-turns have shown broad binding capacity to multiple different receptors, for example benzodiazepines. beta-turns have traditionally been classified into various types based on the backbone dihedral angles (phi 2, psi 2, phi 3 and psi 3). Indeed, 57-68% of beta-turns are currently classified into 8 different backbone families (Type I, Type II, Type I', Type II', Type VIII, Type VIa1, Type VIa2 and Type VIb and Type IV which represents unclassified beta-turns). Although this classification of beta-turns has been useful, the resulting beta-turn types are not ideal for the design of beta-turn mimetics as they do not reflect topological features of the recognition elements, the side chains. To overcome this, we have extracted beta-turns from a data set of non-homologous and high-resolution protein crystal structures. The side chain positions, as defined by C-alpha-C-beta vectors, of these turns have been clustered using the kth nearest neighbor clustering and filtered nearest centroid sorting algorithms. Nine clusters were obtained that cluster 90% of the data, and the average intra-cluster RMSD of the four C-alpha-C-beta vectors is 0.36. The nine clusters therefore represent the topology of the side chain scaffold architecture of the vast majority of beta-turns. The mean structures of the nine clusters are useful for the development of beta-turn mimetics and as biological descriptors for focusing combinatorial chemistry towards biologically relevant topological space.

Women, computing and the 'ideal worker': A comparison of professional occupations

In this paper we use recent census data supplemented with case study evidence to investigate the extent to which professional computing occupations in Australia are constructed around the notion of an ‘ideal’ worker. Census data are used to compare computer professionals with other selected professional occupational groups, illustrating different models of accommodating (or not accommodating) workers who do not fit the ideal model. The computer professionals group is shown to be distinctive in combining low but consistent levels of female representation across age groups, average rates of parenthood and minimal provisions for working-time flexibility. One strategy employed by women in this environment is selection of relatively routine technical roles over more time intensive consultancy based work.

Percepção dos Ortodontistas quanto à época ideal para o tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe II de Angle.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, por meio de questionário, a percepção dos ortodontistas quanto a época ideal para o tratamento ortodôntico da má oclusão de Classe II de Angle, avaliar a eficiência deste tipo de tratamento em uma ou duas fases e identificar os diversos métodos de tratamento utilizados. A amostra constituiu de 163 ortodontistas brasileiros que responderam ao questionário via e-mail. O questionário continha perguntas do tipo aberta, semi aberta e fechada, e, para sua validação, foi realizado um teste piloto entre 15 ortodontistas, participantes ou ex-alunos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, que não foram inclusos neste trabalho. Os dados foram tabulados com a utilização de frequência absoluta (n) e frequência relativa (%). Para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis ordinais foi utilizado o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Para verificar a associação entre variáveis qualitativas nominais foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado. Em todos os testes foi adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Todos os procedimentos estatísticos foram executados no programa Statistica v.5.1 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, USA). Observou-se que os ortodontistas brasileiros preferem tratar os pacientes portadores da má oclusão de Classe II durante a fase da dentadura mista tardia, onde a procura por tratamentos nos consultórios e/ou clínicas tem maior ocorrência entre 10 a 13 anos e no sexo feminino. Dentre as modalidades de tratamento, verificou-se que 25 a 50% dos profissionais tratam seus pacientes em duas fases, seja na utilização do Aparelho Extra Bucal (49,1%), Bionator (33,1%) ou propulsores mandibulares, como APM (17,8%), e, Elásticos Classe II (8,6%).