718 resultados para Franja Árida Sudamericana
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Esta investigación busca describir y analizar el uso de Facebook en los tres países hispanoamericanos con más usuarios: México, Argentina y Colombia. Estos países a su vez ocupan los puestos 5, 14 y 17 según el número de usuarios registrados a nivel global (Comscore 2014). El presente estudio se concentra en la franja de edad donde hay más usuarios de Facebook en cada uno de estos tres países: de los 18 a los 24 años. Es una investigación que involucra métodos de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos. Recoge las experiencias de jóvenes que han usado Facebook durante los últimos 5 u 8 años. En ella participaron 385 jóvenes encuestados, 22 jóvenes entrevistados y 11 expertos consultados, en los tres países donde se desarrolla el estudio. Las cuatro categorías en las que se concentra son: Los modos de acceso y prácticas de uso de los usuarios de Facebook, los principales contenidos que jóvenes publican en la red social, la gestión de sus relaciones de amistad y la gestión de su privacidad.
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The most common method of achieve the required fire resistance is by the use of passive fire protection systems, being intumescent coatings the fire protection material frequently used. These are usually considered thin film coatings as they are applied with a dry film thickness (DFT) between 0.3-3 [mm]. The required DFT is obtained by experimental fire resistance tests performed to assess the contribution of this reactive fire protection material to the steel member fire resistance. This tests are done after dry coating and a short time period of atmospheric conditioning, at constant temperature and humidity. As the coatings formulation is mainly made from polymeric basis compounds, it is expected that the environmental factors, such temperature, humidity and UV radiation (UVA and UVB) significantly affect the intumescent coating fire protection performance and its durability. This work presents a research study about the effects of aging on the fire protection performance of intumescent coatings. A commercial water based coating is submitted to an accelerated aging cycle, using a QUV Accelerated Weathering Tester. This tests aim to simulate 10 years of the coating natural aging. The coating durability is tested comparing the fire protection of small steel samples submitted to a radiant heat flux exposure from a cone calorimeter. In total, 28 tests were performed on intumescent coating protected steel specimens, of which 14 specimens were tested before the hydrothermal aging test and other 14 after accelerated aging. The experimental tests results of the steel temperature evolution shows that increasing the intumescent dry coating film thickness, the fire resistance time increases. After the accelerated aging cycles, the coating lose their ability to expand, resulting in an increase of the steel temperature of approximately 200 [ºC], compared to the samples without aging.
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El propósito de este trabajo de investigación es realizar una aproximación al papel que realizan como mecenas musicales y legisladores de la Iglesia dos arzobispos toledanos: Alonso de Fonseca (1475-1534) y Juan Pardo Tavera (1472-1545). El estudio se lleva a cabo a través tanto del análisis de su ámbito personal como del de su relación con la Santa Iglesia Catedral de Santa María de Toledo, y su ascendiente en las ceremonias musicales y litúrgicas que en ella tenían lugar. La franja cronológica escogida para el análisis comprende la etapa en la que gobernaron la archidiócesis primada: desde 1523 hasta 1545, un periodo que constituyó el punto culminante de sus carreras religiosas. El mismo año en que moría el cardenal Tavera, comenzaron las reuniones tridentinas en las que se debatieron y consideraron algunas de las polémicas musicales que se encuentran presentes en la documentación coetánea a los pontífices. Para la consecución de estos objetivos el estudio se divide en dos grandes bloques separados en tres capítulos cada uno, cuya estructura muestra la metodología utilizada. El primer capítulo del primer bloque se centra en las biografías de los dos arzobispos, su conexión con la música y su relación con la documentación central de esta investigación: los manuscritos BPR II/1778 y ACT 9; el segundo capítulo realiza un estudio crítico de estos textos para establecer su autenticidad, su origen y su datación, y el tercero describe brevemente el contenido de las fuentes relacionadas con los pontífices y las contextualiza dentro del gran fondo documental que genera la catedral toledana, para terminar planteando la función de los textos y las circunstancias sociales, estéticas y políticas en que se produjeron...
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Pretendemos, com este estudo, analisar o modo como a escolarização das crianças de etnia cigana e o seu desenvolvimento cognitivo são afetados, entre outros, pelo desfavorecimento sociocultural de que são alvo, justificar a resistência destes alunos a todo o tipo de aprendizagens formais e apurar acerca das representações sociais que envolvem estas comunidades. A escolarização desta minoria, cuja dificuldade é diretamente proporcional ao grau de etnicidade do grupo em estudo, tem vindo a gerar uma crescente preocupação por parte dos vários governos, do que resultou, recentemente, um pedido dos Estados-Membros, à União Europeia, para que elaborasse um Plano Estratégico de Integração das Comunidades Ciganas, onde a Educação é um dos eixos de intervenção. Sendo o professor um elemento primordial no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, cabe-lhe a ele e à instituição onde presta funções, enquanto responsáveis por garantir um ensino de equidade e qualidade, aberto à multi e à interculturalidade, recorrer às práticas pedagógicas e às medidas mais adequadas com vista à estimulação das capacidades cognitivas destes alunos e à efetiva inclusão da diversidade na comunidade escolar. Dos resultados obtidos, as representações da classe docente, face a esta franja social, estão ainda muito marcadas pelo preconceito, pelo estereótipo e pela segregação, embora as responsabilidades sejam bilaterais. Como acontece com qualquer aluno, para que se atinja sucesso na escolarização, torna-se premente uma maior sensibilização das famílias para a utilidade das aprendizagens e uma consequente coresponsabilização pelo percurso dos seus educandos. Surge ainda a questão da legitimidade de avaliar o perfil cognitivo destes alunos, tão específicos do ponto de vista da sua identidade histórica e cultural, pelos mesmos parâmetros dos alunos da sociedade maioritária. Paralelamente, extra escola, há todo um trabalho de concertação ao nível da integração social desta minoria que, quando bem conseguido, se refletirá em termos educativos mas que exige a articulação e o esforço conjunto de várias instâncias, nem sempre dispostas a investir nestas comunidades.
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Plano general. Imagen tomada en exterior, se observan algunas construcciones de las cuales se destaca el color de sus tejados. Al extremo izquierdo una franja de color rojo, junto a un corredor de color verde y algunos edificios de color crema.
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Dissertação de mest. em Estudos Marinhos e Costeiros, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Univ. do Algarve, 2002
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2005
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Definição do problema; Apresentação do organograma de trabalho a ser realizado; Dados tratados; Constituição do arquivo bruto.
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A caprinocultura na reglao semi-árida do Nordeste se caracteriza pela extensividade e por baixos níveis de produtividade decorrentes, principalmente, da acentuada variação estacional na oferta de forragem da caatinga, a qual constitui sua base alimentar. Existe um consenso quanto a necessidade de suplementar os animais nos períodos críticos, tanto com energia como com proteína. As alternativas atualmente disponíveis, como a palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica Mill), os restolhos de cultura, e o capim buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris) sao volumosos de reduzido valor energético e são mais utilizados dentro de um enfoque de sobrevivência dos animais. Os suplementos de maior valor nutritivo são de uso limitado e apresentam problemas de economicidade. As perspectivas de uso da ureia, da leucena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) e do guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) na suplementaçao de caprinos no semi-árido, são discutidas com base no seu potencial como fontes de nutrientes e como alternativas adaptáveis às condições agro-ecológicas e sócio-econômicas da região.
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This study aimed to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of variation in trophic state and its relation with the structure and dynamics of planktonic community of a large reservoir located in semi-arid tropical region of Northeast Brazil. The reservoir Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves is the biggest reservoir of the Rio Grande do Norte State and is responsible for about 53% of all surface water accumulated in the State. The samples of water and plankton were taken monthly in 10 points distributed throughout the longitudinal axis of the reservoir and over a full hydrological cycle. The samples were collected to determine concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a and suspended solids (fixed and volatile) and for determining the composition and abundance of phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic species. During the study period, the reservoir was characterized as eutrophic and there was no trend of increasing the trophic state of the reservoir in the period of drought. The concentrations of total phosphorus and suspended fixed solids decreased towards the dam while the N:P ratios increased in the same direction due to the reduction in the phosphorus concentrations and relative constancy in the nitrogen concentrations. The N:P ratios observed were indicative of greater limitation by phosphorus than by nitrogen. However, as concentrations of both nutrients were high and the water transparency was very low, with secchi depth usually lower than one meter, it seems likely that the planktonic primary production of the reservoir is more limited by the availability of light than the availability of nutrients. High nutrient concentrations coupled with low availability of light may explain the continuing dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria such as Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the plankton of the reservoir.These cyanobacteria are potentially toxic and pose a serious environmental problem because it compromises the water quality for public supply, recreation and fishing when present in high densities as in this study. The mesozooplankton of the reservoir was dominated by the calanoid Notodiaptomus cearensis and the cladoceran Diaphanosoma spinulosum. In general, the structure of zooplankton community seems to be particularly influenced by the spatial variation of cyanobacteria. The results of the regression analyses show that both the chlorophyll a concentrations and the cyanobacteria biovolume were more strongly correlated with the nitrogen than with phosphorus and that the water transparency was more strongly correlated with algal biomass than with other sources of turbidity. The maximum load of phosphorus to attain the maximum permissible concentration of total P in the reservoir was estimated in 63.2 tonnes P/ year. The current external P load to the reservoir is estimated in 324 tonnes P / year and must be severely reduced to improve the water quality for water supply and allow the implementation of aquaculture projects that could contribute to the socio-economic development of the region
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Top-down (grazing) and bottom-up (nutrient, light) controls are important in freshwater ecosystems regulation. Relative importance of these factors could change in space and time, but in tropical lakes bottom-up regulation has to been appointed as more influent. Present study aimed to test the hypothesis that phytoplankton growths rate in Armando Ribeiro reservoir, a huge eutrophic reservoir in semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, is more limited by nutrient available then zooplankton grazing pressure. Bioassay was conduced monthly from September (2008) to August (2009) manipulating two levels of nutrients (with/without addition) and two level of grazers (with/without removal). Experimental design was factorial 2X2 with four treatments (X5), (i) control with water and zooplankton from natural spot ( C ), (ii) with nutrient addition ( +NP ), (iii) with zooplankton remove ( -Z ) and (iv) with zooplankton remove and nutrient addition ( -Z+NP ). For bioassay confection transparent plastic bottles (500ml) was incubate for 4 or 5 days in two different depths, Secchi`s depth (high luminosity) and 3 times Secchi`s depth (low luminosity). Water samples were collected from each bottle in begins and after incubates period for chlorophyll a concentration analysis and zoopalnktonic organisms density. Phytoplankton growths rates were calculated. Bifactorial ANOVA was performance to test if had a significant effect (p<0,005) of nutrient addition and grazers remove as well a significant interaction between factors on phytoplankton growths rates. Effect magnitude was calculated the relative importance of each process. Results show that phytoplankton growth was in generally stimulated by nutrient addition, as while zooplankton remove rarely stimulated phytoplankton growth. Some significant interactions happening between nutrient additions and grazers remove on phytoplankton growth. In conclusion this study suggests that in studied reservoir phytoplankton growth is more controlled by ascendent factors than descendent
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IntroducciónLa ganadería productora de carne bovina es la actividad productiva más difundida en el medio rural; se realiza en todas las regiones agroecológicas del país. Se estima que la ganadería se desarrolla en aproximadamente el 60% de la superficie del territorio nacional. Los sistemas de producción van desde lo más altamente tecnificados e integrados hasta los tradicionales. Se identifican tres regiones ganaderas: La región norte, árida y semiárida, cuya producción ha estado históricamente integrada a la producción del sur de Estados Unidos y las regiones tropical y templada del centro, orientadas fundamentalmente al abasto del mercado interno.
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46 p.
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Artificial lakes must differ from natural lakes in important structural and functional aspects that need to be understood so that these ecosystems can be properly managed. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that the artificial lakes (impoundments) in the semi-arid region of the Rio Grande do Norte State are more eutrophic and turbid and have different trophic structure when compared to the natural coastal lakes that occur in the humid eastern coast of the State. To test this hypothesis, 10 natural lakes and 8 artificial lakes with about 100 ha were sampled between September and November 2005 for the determination of some limnological variables and the abundance of the main fish species, which were grouped in three trophic guilds: facultative piscivores, facultative planktivores and omnivores. The results show that the artificial lakes had significantly higher concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a , total and volatile suspended solids than the natural lakes. Results also show that the values of pH, total alkalinity, electric conductivity, turbidity as well as the coefficient of vertical attenuation of light were significantly higher in the artificial lakes than in the natural lakes. In the artificial lakes, the abundance of facultative planktivores was significantly higher, while the abundance of facultative piscivores significantly lower than in the natural lakes. There was no significant difference in the abundance of omnivorous fish between the two types of lakes. These results suggest that the increase in turbidity together with the other changes in the water quality of the artificial lakes, modifies the trophic structure of the fish communities reducing the importance of piscivores and the length of the food chains
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Horacio Quiroga (1878-1937) es uno de los escritores más logrados por sus cuentos y sigue siendo aclamado por la crítica en el mundo de habla hispana. Sus obras son consideradas parte del canon dentro de la tradición literaria sudamericana. Algunas de sus historias más renombradas circulan para la audiencia más global, publicadas en diversas colecciones y antologías que han sido posibles por haber sido traducidas al inglés. La versión más disponible en inglés es la traducción realizada por Margaret Sayers Peden ((1976) 2004), Quiroga habla por medio de las elecciones que realizó la traductora. Sin embargo, cabe preguntarse: ¿es este el Horacio Quiroga que las generaciones anteriores conocieron, apreciaron y alabaron? ¿Han logrado sobrevivir a la operación traductológica en inglés su prosa exquisita y su narrativa fotográfica para los lectores en inglés? Este artículo intenta abordar temas centrales de la traducción literaria en cuanto los textos de Quiroga y de Sayers Peden. También trata sobre las estrategias de domesticación, sobre cómo la manipulación del original puede traer consecuencias para la legibilidad, además la importancia de conocer bien los rasgos sociopolíticos y las características geográficas y, no menor, la responsabilidad profesional implícita en el rol del traductor como mediador cultural ya que selecciona, edita y publica literatura que no pertenece a lo convencional y establecido.