Toppling Analysis of Precariously Balanced Rocks under Earthquake Excitation

Toppling analysis of a precariously balanced rock (PBR) can provide insights into the nature of ground motion that has not occurred at that location in the past and, by extension, realistic constraints on peak ground motions for use in engineering design. Earlier approaches have targeted simplistic 2-D models of the rock or modeled the rock-pedestal contact using spring-damper assemblies that require re-calibration for each rock. These analyses also assume that the rock does not slide on the pedestal. Here, a method to model PBRs in three dimensions is presented. The 3-D model is created from a point cloud of the rock, the pedestal, and their interface, obtained using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The dynamic response of the model under earthquake excitation is simulated using a rigid body dynamics algorithm. The veracity of this approach is demonstrated by comparisons against data from shake table experiments. Fragility maps for toppling probability of the Echo Cliff PBR and the Pacifico PBR as a function of various ground motion parameters, rock-pedestal interface friction coefficient, and excitation direction are presented. The seismic hazard at these PBR locations is estimated using these maps. Additionally, these maps are used to assess whether the synthetic ground motions at these locations resulting from scenario earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault are realistic (toppling would indicate that the ground motions are unrealistically high).

Modeling Flood Stage-Duration-Frequency: A Risk Assessment of Critical Infrastructure in the Tidal Potomac

The service of a critical infrastructure, such as a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP), is taken for granted until a flood or another low frequency, high consequence crisis brings its fragility to attention. The unique aspects of the MWWTP call for a method to quantify the flood stage-duration-frequency relationship. By developing a bivariate joint distribution model of flood stage and duration, this study adds a second dimension, time, into flood risk studies. A new parameter, inter-event time, is developed to further illustrate the effect of event separation on the frequency assessment. The method is tested on riverine, estuary and tidal sites in the Mid-Atlantic region. Equipment damage functions are characterized by linear and step damage models. The Expected Annual Damage (EAD) of the underground equipment is further estimated by the parametric joint distribution model, which is a function of both flood stage and duration, demonstrating the application of the bivariate model in risk assessment. Flood likelihood may alter due to climate change. A sensitivity analysis method is developed to assess future flood risk by estimating flood frequency under conditions of higher sea level and stream flow response to increased precipitation intensity. Scenarios based on steady and unsteady flow analysis are generated for current climate, future climate within this century, and future climate beyond this century, consistent with the WWTP planning horizons. The spatial extent of flood risk is visualized by inundation mapping and GIS-Assisted Risk Register (GARR). This research will help the stakeholders of the critical infrastructure be aware of the flood risk, vulnerability, and the inherent uncertainty.

Associações entre a potência muscular dos membros inferiores e a saúde óssea avaliada através de ultrassonografia quantitativa

Objetivo: Analisar as associações entre a potência muscular dos membros inferiores e a saúde óssea avaliada através de ultrassonografia quantitativa. Métodos: A amostra incluiu 63 crianças de 9 anos de idade. A velocidade de som (VS) do rádio e da tíbia foi avaliada através de ultrassonografia quantitativa, a potência de salto foi estimada a partir de um salto vertical com contramovimento e a maturidade somática foi determinada a partir da estimação do pico de velocidade em altura. O estado geral de saúde e o historial de fraturas foram avaliados através de questionário. As associações entre medidas dos parâmetros ósseos e a potência de salto foram analisadas através de correlações bivariadas, com as variáveis expressas em valores absolutos e relativos (estandardizados). Resultados: Foram observadas associações positivas entre a maturidade somática e a potência de salto expressa tanto em valores absolutos como relativos (p <0,05). A maturidade somática correlacionou-se ainda positivamente com a VS da tíbia nas raparigas (r=0,358, p=0,045), enquanto nos rapazes se verificou uma associação negativa, embora não significativa (r=-0,290, p=0,126). Observou-se uma associação ou propensão para associação negativa entre a VS da tíbia e a potência de salto nos rapazes (r=-0,490, p=0,007) e nas raparigas (r=-0,344, p=0,054). Conclusão: A potência de salto não parece constituir um bom marcador da saúde óssea de rapazes e raparigas de 9 anos de idade quando avaliada através de ultrassom.

Plano setorial: a construção de estratégias para implementação do plano diretor de Natal

The Sectoral Plan was inserted as an urban instrument in Master Plan of Natal (LC82/07), since then it has been deepened. It is guided to the equitable distribution of the benefits of urbanization, aimed the efetivation of the Right to the City and the Environmental function of property in the context of urban planning. Thereby, the Sectoral Plan was inserted into the perspective of promoting a favorable field for applying articulated of instruments defined in the Master Plan, and them with urban interventions, through the deepening of macrozoning - coming out of dimension of the city and going to a small fraction of the urban by reducing scaling - facilitating democratic management in accordance with the City Statute. However, the absence of regulation and the conceptual and operational fragility of the instrument, approached it of other existent experiences and instruments, limiting its application and evaluation. Considering the innovative nature of the instrument and the intense social participation, we inquire about conceptual and operational elements which could give greater effectiveness to Sector Plan in construction? Guided by that question, this dissertation aim to understand the nature and operational procedures of Sectoral Plan, seeking to do indications about the conceptual and operational aspects of implementing a Sector Plan. The neighborhood of Ponta Negra was selected as empirical universe because it was the first sector defined in the Master Plan. This research adopts reference authors who´s make reflection and insights about the matrix of Urban Reform, whose principles constitute the basis of the trajectory of revision of urban planning in Brazil since the 1980s, highlighting Raquel Rolnik, Nelson Saule Júnior and Orlando Alves dos Santos Júnior. For the local monitoring, we use the authors Alexsandro Ferreira Cardoso Silva, Rosa Maria Pinheiro Oliveira e Marise Costa da Souza Duarte, in order to understand the growth dynamics of Natal, lawfully and urbanistically

Characterization of bone pathologies in the ins2+/akita mouse, a new model for diabetes insulindependent: contribution for a better understanding of the disease in humans

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Estrutura da população de Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999 (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) no Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Coleodactylus natalensis Freire, 1999, an endemic species of Atlantic Forest fragments around the Natal municipality, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, has as type locality the Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal (05º48 S to 05º53 S and 35º09 W to 35º12 W), one of the largest restinga (herb and shrub association on sand dunes along the Brazilian coastline) associate fragment, surrounded by urban zone, placed on setentrional Atlantic Forest limits. We made estimates on populational density, spatial distribution, habitat and microhabitat preferences and feeding ecological aspects like sazonal and sexual variations on diet, prey electivities and niche breadth. We randomly sampled ninety-six 50m2 quadrants in each of the four habitats identified in the study area. Were collected 49 specimens and their stomach contents were analyzed; prey items found were correlated with leaf-litter invertebrates from habitat samples. We found a 98,5 ± 75,5 individuals/ha density, in grouped distribution pattern on densest habitats and random distribution on others habitats. This species lives mostly on leaf-litter in forest habitats, in higher humidity points, with lower temperatures, deeper leaf litter and lower sea level elevations than the randomly chosen points in the study area. Isopoda and Aranae were the most important prey categories in numeric, frequency and volumetric terms. Niche breadth has an intermediate value and was variable in sexual and in habitat terms. There was no correlation between morfometric measures and prey size on diet. The C. natalensis population studied seems to be diet opportunist, although selects larger prey items. The Parque Estadual das Dunas do Natal has several indications of anthropic pressure from the surrounding urban area that may affects the local C. natalensis population. Thus, the fragility of this species calls for urgent conservation efforts

Impact d’une supplémentation protéino-énergétique sur les performances physiques en réadaptation chez la personne âgée traumatisée crânienne : un projet pilote.

L’exacerbation de la perte d’autonomie des personnes âgées hospitalisées est fréquente. Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) est une condition médicale associée à un état de stress et d’hypercatabolisme particulièrement élevé (Cook, 2008) qui rend la personne âgée encore plus vulnérable. De plus, les recommandations en vigueur pour l’apport protéique (0,8 g/kg) semblent insuffisantes pour freiner la perte de masse musculaire qui conduit à la sarcopénie. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l’impact d’un supplément protéino-énergétique sur les performances physiques de la personne âgée traumatisée crânienne en réadaptation, plus spécifiquement sur la distance de marche, la force de préhension, ainsi que le test du « Time up and go » (TUG). Vingtquatre sujets, âgés de 65 à 94 ans (14 hommes) ont consenti à participer à cette étude randomisée contrôlée à double-aveugle dans un centre de réadaptation fonctionnelle intensive à Montréal. L’intervention consistait à ingérer un supplément nutritionnel (230 kcal, 15 g protéines, 25 g glucides) ou un placebo immédiatement après le traitement régulier de physiothérapie (45 à 60 minutes, 4 à 5 fois par semaine). Aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans les caractéristiques de base des 2 groupes. Une amélioration significative a été trouvée dans le groupe supplément pour le test du TUG. Notre étude d’intervention est la première en nutrition en sol québécois dans les Centres de réadaptation. La consommation d’un supplément chez la personne âgée durant le traitement de physiothérapie est une mesure simple et facile à introduire dans un contexte clinique. Même en l’absence de gains significatifs sur l’ensemble des mesures physiques, le supplément nutritionnel permet d’augmenter les apports caloriques et protéiques, ce qui peut contribuer à optimiser l’état nutritionnel. La littérature documente largement les impacts négatifs de la malnutrition et toute mesure pouvant contribuer à diminuer la prévalence de cette dernière ne peut donc qu’être positive.

Impact d’une supplémentation protéino-énergétique sur les performances physiques en réadaptation chez la personne âgée traumatisée crânienne : un projet pilote

L’exacerbation de la perte d’autonomie des personnes âgées hospitalisées est fréquente. Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) est une condition médicale associée à un état de stress et d’hypercatabolisme particulièrement élevé (Cook, 2008) qui rend la personne âgée encore plus vulnérable. De plus, les recommandations en vigueur pour l’apport protéique (0,8 g/kg) semblent insuffisantes pour freiner la perte de masse musculaire qui conduit à la sarcopénie. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l’impact d’un supplément protéino-énergétique sur les performances physiques de la personne âgée traumatisée crânienne en réadaptation, plus spécifiquement sur la distance de marche, la force de préhension, ainsi que le test du « Time up and go » (TUG). Vingtquatre sujets, âgés de 65 à 94 ans (14 hommes) ont consenti à participer à cette étude randomisée contrôlée à double-aveugle dans un centre de réadaptation fonctionnelle intensive à Montréal. L’intervention consistait à ingérer un supplément nutritionnel (230 kcal, 15 g protéines, 25 g glucides) ou un placebo immédiatement après le traitement régulier de physiothérapie (45 à 60 minutes, 4 à 5 fois par semaine). Aucune différence significative n’a été trouvée dans les caractéristiques de base des 2 groupes. Une amélioration significative a été trouvée dans le groupe supplément pour le test du TUG. Notre étude d’intervention est la première en nutrition en sol québécois dans les Centres de réadaptation. La consommation d’un supplément chez la personne âgée durant le traitement de physiothérapie est une mesure simple et facile à introduire dans un contexte clinique. Même en l’absence de gains significatifs sur l’ensemble des mesures physiques, le supplément nutritionnel permet d’augmenter les apports caloriques et protéiques, ce qui peut contribuer à optimiser l’état nutritionnel. La littérature documente largement les impacts négatifs de la malnutrition et toute mesure pouvant contribuer à diminuer la prévalence de cette dernière ne peut donc qu’être positive.

The Terminal Value (TV) Performing in Firm Valuation: The Gap of Literature and Research Agenda

The uncertainty about the future of firms must be modeled and incorporated in the valuation of enterprises outside the explicit period of analysis, i.e., in the continuing or terminal value (TV). There is a multiplicity of factors that influence the TV of firms which are not being considered within current evaluation models. This aspect leads to the incurring of unrecoverable errors, thus leading to values of goodwill or bad will far away from the substantial value of intrinsic assets. As a consequence, the evaluation results will be presented markedly different from market values. There is no consensus in the scientific community about the method of computation of the TV as a forecast in an infinite horizon. The size of the terminal, or non-explicit period, assumed as infinite, is never called into question by scientific literature, or the probability of business bankruptcy. This paper aims to promote a study of the existing literature on the TV, to highlight the fragility of the evaluation models of companies that have been used by the academic community and by financial analysts, and to point out lines for future research to minimize these errors.

Grip strength and functional recovery after hip fracture: An observational study in elderly population

Muscle strength is a common issue in fragility syndrome and sarcopenia, both of them involved in the pathogenesis of falls and fractures. The objective is to study the relationship between hand grip strength and functional recovery after hip fracture surgery. This prospective observational study included patients aged 65. years and older who were admitted to hospital for hip fracture surgery during a 12 month period. Functional status (Barthel Index), mental status (Cruz Roja Index), hand grip strength, 25/OH-Vitamin D plasmatic levels were evaluated at admission. Follow-up was performed 3. months after discharge to assess functional status and survival. Correlations between hand grip strength and the rest of variables were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were further applied. Mean age of subjects was 85.1. ±. 0.63 years. Out of 127 subjects, 103 were women and 24 were men. Hand grip strength was obtained in 85 patients (76.5%) and, values were between 3.3 and 24.8. kg and 81 patients (95.2%) had values below cut-point of sarcopenia considering European Working Group of Sarcopenia criteria. Hand grip strength at admission shows significant association to Barthel index at three months and functional recovery. It is also associated with age (P <. 0.001) (r = 0.81), sex (P = 0.001), cognitive status by Cruz Roja Index (P <. 0.001) and functional status measured at admission by Barthel Index (P <. 0.01) (r = -0.22). Multivariate analysis confirmed that variables were independently associated to grip strength. Hand grip strength measured at admission in Orthogeriatric Unit after hip fracture is directly related to functional recovery in elderly patients.

Tenerbrosity scene 1

Tenerbrosity Scene 1, is a large format photographic artwork. The work visually explores memory through the recollection of incidents and the fragility of truth. This is situated within the practice of landscape photography in a post-colonial framework. In Scene 1 of 2, a woodland closed shot is presented for the audience. The scene was shot at night in a forest, and provides a focus on the details of trees and leaves, branches and an emerging blackness that surrounds the scene. The journey has taken a strange turn in Tenerbrosity, with suggestions of the strange and unfamiliar, like a fragment or a moment, attempting to pull everything back together, somehow..somewhere… The size of the work as a large unframed print on canvas, actively seeks a physical engagement with the audience via a centrality of vision. The artwork hangs a metre out from the wall and the work sways in the breeze, to ensure the audience is located at a site for the production of meaning and this captures a mixed reality, between artwork, vision, audience and experience. This is achieved to engage with the multi-sequential narratives surrounding traces of memories and decay visually and theoretically traversed throughout the series. This is part of the ongoing exploration of states of the in-between and forms the 1st in a series of 2 artworks. The work is exhibited in the Yarra Ranges, because the work explores the narratives of the decay of memory experienced in this location. Exhibiting here allows a cyclic dialogue with notions of place, home, longing and loss.

Tenerbrosity scene 2

Tenerbrosity Scene 2, is a large format photographic artwork. The work visually explores memory through the recollection of incidents and the fragility of truth. This is situated within the practice of landscape photography in a post-colonial framework. In Scene 2 of 2, a woodland closed shot is presented for the audience. The scene was shot at night in a forest, and provides a focus on the details of trees and leaves, branches and an emerging blackness that surrounds the scene. The journey has taken a strange turn in Tenerbrosity, with scene 2 suggesting a mirror or reflection, a duplicate of or duality in combination with Scene 1. The size of the work as a large unframed print on canvas, actively seeks a physical engagement with the audience via a centrality of vision. The artwork hangs a metre out from the wall and the work sways in the breeze, to ensure the audience is located at a site for the production of meaning and this captures a mixed reality, between artwork, vision, audience and experience. This is achieved to engage with the multi-sequential narratives surrounding traces of memories and decay visually and theoretically traversed throughout the series. This is part of the ongoing exploration of states of the in-between and forms the 2nd in a series of 2 artworks. The work is exhibited in the Yarra Ranges, because the work explores the narratives of the decay of memory experienced in this location. Exhibiting here allows a cyclic dialogue with notions of place, home, longing and loss.

Geschlechtersonderwissen von Expert_innen für Inter*- und Trans*themen

Anhand von Expert_inneninterviews mit Aktivist_innen und Therapeut_innen aus dem Inter*- und Trans*bereich wird herausgestellt, wie Expert_innen Geschlecht thematisieren und auf welche Wissensformen sie hierfür Bezug nehmen. Professionssoziologische und gender- und queertheoretische Überlegungen werden in dieser wissenssoziologischen Untersuchung miteinander verknüpft, um Expert_innen des Geschlechts zu definieren und die im Rahmen der teilnehmenden Beobachtung erfassten Veränderungen im Diskurs um Inter*- und Trans*personen zu kontextualisieren. Dabei wird herausgestellt, dass zwar alternatives Wissen von Professionsangehörigen nicht mehr ausgeschlossen wird eine Deprofessionalisierung im Inter*- und Trans*bereich allerdings unwahrscheinlich erscheint. Vielmehr wird eine binäre Konstruktion von Expert_innen insbesondere von Professionsangehörigen reproduziert. Hierbei wird differenziert in professionsangehörige Expert_innen und Aktivist_innen, wobei erstere sich für gesellschaftliche Werte einsetzten würden und Aktivist_innen sich lediglich im Eigeninteresse handeln würden. Zur Einbettung und Erklärung der empirischen Erkenntnisse wird sich auf gender- und queertheoretische, psychoanalytische, diskurstheoretische, phänomenologische und emotionssoziologische Ansätze bezogen. Darüber wird die Fragilität der Kategorien Expert_in und Geschlecht und die Notwendigkeit der Anerkennung dieser für die eigene Handlungsfähigkeit verdeutlicht, ebenso wie die (Gefühls)Arbeit, die Expert_innen des Geschlechts alltäglich leisten müssen, um als Expert_in oder/und Inter*- oder Trans*person anerkannt zu werden. Grundsätzlich wird von Expert_innen des Geschlechts dem inkorporierten Wissen ein stärkeres Gewicht beigemessen als noch vor zehn Jahren, so das Fazit der Studie. Die Fokussierung auf inkorporiertes Wissen wird, anders als im bisherigen (Forschungs)Diskurs um Inter*- und Trans*personen allerdings in seiner Ambivalenz gesehen, da sie neben der Anerkennung alternativer Wissensformen auch zu einer Unmöglichkeit der Infragestellung dieses Wissens führen könne.

Impact on hip fracture mortality after the establishment of an orthogeriatric care program in a colombian hospital

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la mortalidad a un año en pacientes con fractura de cadera, mayores de 65 años tratados en un programa establecido de orto-geriatría. 298 se trataron de acuerdo al protocolo de orto-geriatría, se calculo la mortalidad a un año, se establecieron los predictores de mortalidad orto-geriátrico. La sobrevida anual se incremento de 80% a 89% (p = .039) durante los cuatro años de seguimiento del programa y disminuyo el riesgo de mortalidad anual postoperatorio (Hazard Ratio = 0.54, p = .049). La enfermedad cardiaca y la edad maor a 85 años fueron predictores positivos para mortalidad.