Saberes y cuidados de la salud infantil en hogares pobres, una tarea de mujeres

Esta ponencia se enmarca en el proyecto de tesis doctoral de la UNLP, donde se indagan las estrategias de cuidados en salud infantil ante las IRAb en familias pobres. Consideramos que los cuidados de salud en el hogar son formas de atención de las enfermedades, de prevención y de la promoción de la salud. Estos en tanto forman parte de la división sexual del trabajo en el hogar, son realizados por las mujeres madres poniendo en juego saberes, experiencias, recursos materiales y simbólicos para identificar necesidades y elegir las estrategias de acción. En su ejecución se efectúan tareas concretas, se asumen responsabilidades, se toman decisiones y se entablan relaciones con quienes reciben los cuidados y con otros que convierten a la cuidadora en "gestora de los cuidados". Su abordaje permite identificar cómo, al interior del hogar se construyen, articulan y resignifican los saberes, las experiencias y las prácticas dando cuenta de la intervención de diversos actores sociales (personal de salud, medios de comunicación, políticas de Estado). En esta ponencia exploramos las estrategias de cuidado en salud infantil en hogares pobres ante problemas respiratorios, analizando 16 entrevistas realizadas en julio/agosto del 2009 en la localidad de "El Peligro", partido de La Plata

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O USO DOS CONTROLES DE GESTÃO E A CONTINUIDADE DAS PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS

O trabalho tem como finalidade à pesquisa de controles de gestão empresarial essencial a todas as empresas, inclusive as chamadas pequenas e médias, que buscam sua excelência e continuidade para um bom desempenho econômico, financeiro e social. Diversos estudos já foram realizados a fim de evidenciar a importância dos controles gerenciais para as organizações, porém uma grande dificuldade encontrada nestas empresas é aplicar a teoria na prática. Sendo assim, será apresentada neste trabalho uma pesquisa entre pequenas e médias empresas localizadas nos municípios de São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, São Caetano do Sul e Diadema e como estas empresas têm utilizado controles gerenciais no processo de gestão empresarial. No contexto das pequenas e médias empresas, pode-se perceber que o processo decisório é restrito e limitado a determinadas pessoas, portanto, o grau de responsabilidade nas decisões para estas empresas tem um grande teor de importância. Nas empresas familiares também é possível identificar características semelhantes ao processo decisório, por fim, a pesquisa irá analisar a relação do uso de controles gerenciais e a continuidade dessas empresas. A metodologia utilizada foi a descritiva e a quantitativa, através do uso de questionário e os resultados obtidos foram apresentados apenas como das empresas participantes da pesquisa, podendo ser identificados a relação do uso de controles de gestão e quais os controles mais utilizados.(AU)

SAÚDE DOS LÍDERES RELIGIOSOS: A VOCAÇÃO EM SINTONIA COM A SAÚDE PESSOAL. UM OLHAR DE CUIDADOS SOBRE A SAÚDE DOS LÍDERES RELIGIOSOS NO CONTEXTO ATUAL

Este trabalho de pesquisa ocorre na área de concentração de Práxis Religiosa e Sociedade, no campo de conhecimento das Ciências da Religião, e versa sobre a saúde dos líderes religiosos no contexto atual, lançando um olhar de cuidados sobre este grupo, de forma que eles vivam sua vocação em sintonia com a saúde pessoal, exercendo-a em patamares seguros de saúde. Assim, no primeiro capítulo o conceito de saúde é desenvolvido através da história, abordando-o na esfera médica, teológica, filosófica e psicológica, fazendo uma avaliação da mudança de visão da saúde com o desenvolvimento da sociedade até os dias atuais. No segundo capítulo, a partir do desenvolvimento do conceito vocação, estabelece-se uma vinculação entre a preservação da saúde como preservação da vocação. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo aborda o olhar de cuidados sobre os líderes religiosos, propondo elementos para a melhora da saúde espiritual, emocional e física destes líderes, de forma a que o seu exercício vocacional seja realizado de forma plena e integral, englobando o líder religioso em toda a complexidade de seu ser.

CENTROS EDUCACIONAIS UNIFICADOS DE SÃO PAULO: IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E CONTINUIDADE NUMA NOVA GESTÃO POLÍTICA

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar se a política educacional do CEU: Centro Educacional Unificado criado e implementado no governo Municipal de Marta Suplicy também apresentado como uma proposta contra-hegemônica de escola inclusiva e cidadã, ainda existe nesta atual administração. Apresenta e identifica os princípios do projeto CEU, bem como suas principais diferenças dentro de duas perspectivas políticas: uma progressista e outra mais conservadora. Com a transição da administração publica através da posse do prefeito eleito José Serra e continuada com o exercício do vice-prefeito Gilberto Kassab, os CEUs ficam sujeitos às mudanças técnico- administrativas e políticas, tornando necessária a análise da continuidade e da auto sustentabilidade destes complexos educacionais face ao alto investimento dos recursos públicos demandados em sua implementação. Apresenta-se um estudo bibliográfico sobre a política neoliberal em educação e também aos documentos oficiais da Rede Municipal de São Paulo. Por meio da pesquisa empírica com protagonista do projeto foram observadas as principais diferenças objetivando a análise do processo instituinte.

PERCEPÇÃO DE AUTO-ESTIMA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DO JOVEM-ADULTO SURDO UNIVERSITÁRIO

O presente trabalho tem como tema central a opinião do surdo universitário sobre sua auto- estima e qualidade vida. Os objetivos foram conhecer o joven-adulto surdo universitário, segundo sua opinião, buscando especificamente identificar os fatores que contribuíram para o seu desenvolvimento psicológico e sua auto-estima; e identificar as características da qualidade de vida, considerando os aspectos físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente. Participaram desta pesquisa 3 jovens-adultos surdos, universitários. O método utilizado foi o descritivo qualitativo, usando-se como fonte de coleta de dados a entrevista livre e o WHOQOL-bref. O método qualitativo na área da saúde visa investigar o significado que os fenômenos sentimentos, idéias, vivências, manifestações, dentre outros, tem para as pessoas e que dão molde às suas vidas incluindo os cuidados com a saúde. Percebemos que ao atingirem a fase adulta, os sujeitos pesquisados conseguem tomar decisões e escolher seus caminhos com maior liberdade em função das experiências e condições que lhes foram apresentadas. Verificamos que as situações vividas no ambiente escolar e o aprendizado da língua de sinais contribuíram para sua constituição como sujeito não limitado à condição da surdez. Foi possível identificar que possuem expectativas profissionais futuras e expressaram suas dificuldades, desejos, frustrações diante do mercado de trabalho, relações sociais e familiares como qualquer outro individuo, encontrando recursos internos para o enfrentamento das circunstâncias cotidianas. Os resultados da pesquisa também permitiram observar que os surdos reconhecem o grau de satisfação que têm com a vida, seu estado de saúde e cuidados com seu bem-estar físico, psicológico e social. Concluímos que ao recontar sua história de vida os surdos têm a possibilidade de se reconhecer como sujeitos e a oportunidade de dar continuidade às próprias vivências que contribuíram para seu bem-estar

Estratégias de cuidados por familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais severos residentes na zona rural do alto sertão paraibano

In the current configuration of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, family plays a key role in mental health care: shared responsibility and active participation in the process of rehabilitation of people with severe mental disorders. It´s considered that the family member who cares can help users in their daily tasks and articulating trajectories, networks and ways to potentiate social connections. This research was motivaded by interest in the subject and by the lack of research and studies about this reality in rural areas. This study aimed to identify ways of mental health care by relatives of severe mental disorder patients living in rural zone located at sertão of Paraiba. Methodologically was made a work with qualitative research structured in two moments. In the first one, was held a Documentary Research in CAPS II in order to identify: a) users living in rural that had a history of at least one psychiatric hospitalization, b) users who no longer use the reference service (CAPS II) for at least one year. The second stage consisted by home visits and semi-structured interviews with eleven families in rural areas. Results pointed out a profile composed by 56 users: 56 women and 26 men aged between 50 and 64 years, unmarried, without study, farmers and housewives, living six miles from CAPS II and carriers with severe mental disorders. Strategies and resources used by the families for mental health care were: religion, work, medication and help from relatives, neighbors and community. Factors related to non-use of substitute services were lack of internment in CAPS II and lack of money and transportation. The hospital, the house arrest, the police aid and religion were strategies used by family members as support to psychiatric crises. The data pointed to non-solving of care offered by psychosocial support network and the importance of redirecting practices aligned to the asylum model in favor of psychosocial strategies that aimed at rehabilitation and community participation in mental health care

Fundamentos dos cuidados com crianças e adolescentes: um olhar sobre o Rio Grande do Norte entre 1964 e 1988

Childhood and adolescence care has frequently caused theoretical and methodological discussions. At national level, the way of dealing with this public has always been on the agenda, either by maintaining a paternalistic treatment, or by coercive and repressive expression with which this public is treated. Given the above, this research presents a thorough study of social policies focused on children and adolescents in Brazil, with the overall purpose of investigating how this process of implementation of public policies for poor children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was. In previous studies, it was identified that there are no official records regarding the policy implementation process for this population in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. A retrospective study about the care towards children and adolescents in Brazil was held. It ranged from the XXVIII century, through the period of assistance, until the historical period in which the child started to be considered from the perspective of a policy. Thus, a certain period was framed, so that, through the historical research method, this study could focus on gathering data about the attention focused on childhood and adolescence in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 1964 and 1988. Data was listed from newspaper files that circulated in the state during period mentioned above. This time framing corresponds to the regency of the National Policy of Child Welfare. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the implementation of institutions such as FUNBERN and then FEBEM did not differ from the national standard, since many projects and care programs for poor children and teenagers were executed in this period. The implementation of these institutions revealed the concern of the state in solving the problem of “minors” regarding to situations of abandonment or "delinquency" which they were involved with. However, the kind of protection provided by the state toward this population was based on the current ideology that supported the political system at the time: the military dictatorship. Thus, the main way to provide care to this population was through its institutionalization, through taking children to daycare centres and adolescents to “reeducational” institutes for “minors”.

Escolarização de surdos no ensino médio em Natal/RN: vendo e ouvindo vozes

La Escuela Secundaria es la etapa final de la Educación Básica y su objetivo es profundizar los conocimientos adquiridos anteriormente, con vistas tanto a la continuidad de los estudios por parte de los alumnos como también a su formación profesional. Considerando el carácter excluyente y elitista de la Escuela Secundaria brasileña, solo recientemente las matrículas de los estudiantes sordos comienzan a ampliarse, y los profesores se deparan con el desafío de lidiar con ese tipo de discente en aulas regulares. Tanto la política de educación especial, desde una perspectiva inclusiva, como la Ley nº 10.436/2002 – reglamentada por el Decreto nº 5.626/2005 – posibilitaron un gran salto para la educación de los sordos en el país. La primera, por la defensa de una escuela atenta a las peculiaridades y demandas de sus discentes; la segunda, por reconocer la Lengua de Señas Brasileña como medio de comunicación y expresión legítimo de la comunidad de sordos y por indicar medidas que garanticen el derecho al acceso y al éxito escolar de la población sorda dentro de la escuela. Amparado en esas discusiones, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de escolaridad de alumnos sordos de una Escuela Secundaria pública y estatal del municipio de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Se realizó un estudio de caso de tipo cualitativo. Los sujetos fueron tres discentes sordos que estaban terminando la Escuela Secundaria, una profesora de Portugués y dos intérpretes de Lengua de Señas Brasileña. Como procedimiento de investigación, se utilizaron entrevistas (grabadas en audio y video), observaciones y análisis de documentos. La participación de los sujetos sordos demandó cuidados éticos adicionales, tales como la traducción del Término de Consentimiento Libre y Aclarado y del guion de la entrevista a la Lengua de Señas Brasileña. Los resultados apuntan que el acceso y la permanencia en la escuela secundaria fueron garantizados, no obstante había poca participación en las clases y el aprendizaje de los contenidos escolares estaba comprometido. Había traductores/intérpretes de Lengua de Señas Brasileña, los cuales, sin embargo, solo iniciaron sus actividades tres meses después del comienzo del periodo lectivo. La profesora y los intérpretes no mantuvieron interacciones que facilitasen el aprendizaje o la participación de los estudiantes, quienes se encontraban siempre juntos y en un lugar determinado del aula, sin mayores interacciones con sus pares normo-oyentes. Los discentes sordos estaban terminando la Escuela Secundaria con edades superiores a 17-18 años, los cuales revelaron no tener perspectivas de continuidad en sus estudios o de inserción en el mercado laboral. Se concluye que la escolaridad de los alumnos sordos en la escuela investigada apunta a la necesidad de una reorganización curricular que atienda a las especificidades lingüísticas y sociales de esos estudiantes.

Crianças e investigação: aspectos teórico-metodológicos e cuidados éticos nas produções dos grupos de pesquisa da UFRN

The concepts of childhood are part of a cultural construction and vary throughout history politically, economically and socially. Nouns such as "childhood" and "child" did not exist as sense of unity in periods prior to modernity, reinforcing their historical character as concepts that have been socially constructed as profess the Historical Social Psychology, theoretical perspective which will support this research. The sociology of childhood distinguishes the terms and changes the approach toward the adult researcher approach with respect to children, aiming to give voice to the child. When it comes to defining the role of children in research, the researcher must take into consideration several relevant criteria such as age, gender, time, listening to the adults close to the children, the level of language and education and which children that will be heard in a group. It is from this discussion, considering the importance of children's participation in the research that are established the purpose of this work, namely, to analyze the theoretical and methodological aspects and ethical guidelines considered in the research process with children, by researchers at the UFRN, presenting as specific objectives: analyze and discuss, from research reports, the adopted ethical procedures and methods used in research with children. Set the goal, it was made a search of the UFRN Research Groups in SIGAA in order to select those which investigate children for participating in our survey. Among the centers of UFRN, we selected the Health Sciences Centre - CCSA, the Humanities Center, Letters and Arts - CCHLA, the Biosciences Center - CB and the Health Sciences Center - CCS, a total of 64 finalized reports to be analyzed. And here it is the observation that the foolish reports were not analyzed for ethical reasons as the guiding of this dissertation is the coordinator of the research group mentioned. In this study, we chose the documentary analysis of the finalized reports from UFRN research projects teachers / researchers as procedure to set up the corpus of the research. Data analysis was performed from the qualitative analysis in the following categories were established: the concept of childhood, concept of child, age of the subjects, the research context, theoretical and methodological care adopted and ethical care. It is hoped that this study will contribute with reflections on the ethical and theoretical and methodological care on research with children. The research showed how some of the results: significant number of reports excluded by repetition, most reports did not bring any closing remarks, no different procedures for children, with rare exceptions, the ethical issue was not mentioned in 50% of reports.

Assistência em cuidados paliativos a pessoa idosa na atenção primária a saúde

This study aims to understand the significance of palliative care for the elder health care professionals working in primary health care. Descriptive study of qualitative approach. Conducted in three health units of the Family and a core of support for Health, the Felipe Camarão neighborhood, District of Natal Health West, RN. Of the 25 participants, 19 are professionals of the Family Health Strategy and six of the Center for Support to Health, the majority being women, with minimal professional work experience, a year in primary health care. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under CAAE no. 43895815.4.0000.5537. There were individual interviews between July and September 2015, with the use of questionnaire containing open and closed questions on the topic of study. Our results were recorded in MP4 and transcribed into written language, and analyzed using the open coding process medium in which the categories were interpreted and identified, followed by axial coding, where categories were developed and systematically related. Three categories emerged: enhancement of elder health professionals in palliative care, behavioral health professionals across care in palliative care in primary care and disjointed Meaning between palliative care and health professionals. The categories were interpreted and analyzed by the theoretical framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Regarding the valuation of subjective perception of professionals, it is clear the issue of the complexity of multiple relationships through various aspects of his central task: focus a philosophy of the world's reality, namely a phenomenology of natural attitude; Before the professional behavior were identified: the discovery and depth of assumptions through the structure, and meaning in a common sense, and at the meaning of the disconnection between the health professionals-including that reality imminent can be represented by individuality special interest of the experience. It follows that health professionals understand there is a difficulty facing the assistance in palliative care to the elderly in primary care, and this difficulty, characterized by the complexity of social interactions across the joint teamwork. Although, I believe that the articulation between the teams, work and family, is essential for the subsequent improvement of care in palliative care favoring the health context surrounding the Elder.

Assistência em cuidados paliativos a pessoa idosa na atenção primária a saúde

This study aims to understand the significance of palliative care for the elder health care professionals working in primary health care. Descriptive study of qualitative approach. Conducted in three health units of the Family and a core of support for Health, the Felipe Camarão neighborhood, District of Natal Health West, RN. Of the 25 participants, 19 are professionals of the Family Health Strategy and six of the Center for Support to Health, the majority being women, with minimal professional work experience, a year in primary health care. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under CAAE no. 43895815.4.0000.5537. There were individual interviews between July and September 2015, with the use of questionnaire containing open and closed questions on the topic of study. Our results were recorded in MP4 and transcribed into written language, and analyzed using the open coding process medium in which the categories were interpreted and identified, followed by axial coding, where categories were developed and systematically related. Three categories emerged: enhancement of elder health professionals in palliative care, behavioral health professionals across care in palliative care in primary care and disjointed Meaning between palliative care and health professionals. The categories were interpreted and analyzed by the theoretical framework of social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Regarding the valuation of subjective perception of professionals, it is clear the issue of the complexity of multiple relationships through various aspects of his central task: focus a philosophy of the world's reality, namely a phenomenology of natural attitude; Before the professional behavior were identified: the discovery and depth of assumptions through the structure, and meaning in a common sense, and at the meaning of the disconnection between the health professionals-including that reality imminent can be represented by individuality special interest of the experience. It follows that health professionals understand there is a difficulty facing the assistance in palliative care to the elderly in primary care, and this difficulty, characterized by the complexity of social interactions across the joint teamwork. Although, I believe that the articulation between the teams, work and family, is essential for the subsequent improvement of care in palliative care favoring the health context surrounding the Elder.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.

A produção do cuidado no período gravídico-puerperal: experiência de mulheres usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde

Despite numerous government projects aimed at reorganizing and qualifying obstetric and neonatal care in Brazil, it remains problematic, with repercussions for maternal and newborn mortality and humanized care of both the mother and child. The objective of this study was to analyze the care provided to women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, based on reports of public health service users regarding their pregnancy and delivery experiences, using comprehensiveness and humanization as reference. The study applied a qualitative approach and the methodological strategy consisted of listening to the women, in order to identify, based on the meanings of their discourse concerning their experiences with health services, continuities and discontinuities of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Study participants were women who gave birth at a municipal public maternity, residents of Natal, Brazil, who at the time of the interviews, were between 10 and 42 days postpartum. Seven women reported their pregnancy and delivery experiences at public services. As interviews and observation took place, the material produced was also analyzed, in order to achieve simultaneous production and data analysis. Using systematization, a dialogue was established between the women’s discourses and production in the field of Collective Health, with respect to concepts and discussion about obstetric and neonatal care as well as the Comprehensiveness and Humanization of such care. Participant discourses underscored aspects related to prenatal care starting at pregnancy and its repercussions as well as prenatal monitoring by health services; aspects associated with care during labor and delivery, as well as those involved in postpartum in the maternity, both with respect to newborn and maternal careç and lastly, puerperium care after discharge from the maternity. Analysis of results sought to identify lines of continuity and discontinuity in the comprehensiveness and humanization of care. Based on these lines and as final contributions of the study, the following paths were proposed to achieve comprehensive and humanized production of health care for women during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle: Path 1- Reassess care in the maternal and newborn health network, aimed at comprehensiveness in terms of guaranteeing access to the various services and technological resources available to enhance health and life. Path 2- Reorganize work processes in order to attain comprehensive and humanized care for women in the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 3 – Qualify the professional-user relationship in care management during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle. Path 4 – Invest in the qualification of communication processes in the different dimensions of care during the pregnancy-puerperium cycle.