ARTHUR: A Collaborative Augmented Environment for Architectural Design and Urban Planning

Projects in the area of architectural design and urban planning typically engage several architects as well as experts from other professions. While the design and review meetings thus often involve a large number of cooperating participants, the actual design is still done by the individuals in the time in between those meetings using desktop PCs and CAD applications. A real collaborative approach to architectural design and urban planning is often limited to early paper-based sketches.In order to overcome these limitations, we designed and realized the ARTHUR system, an Augmented Reality (AR) enhanced round table to support complex design and planning decisions for architects. WhileAR has been applied to this area earlier, our approach does not try to replace the use of CAD systems but rather integrates them seamlessly into the collaborative AR environment. The approach is enhanced by intuitiveinteraction mechanisms that can be easily con-figured for different application scenarios.

Smart Foundry - Informationstechnische Unterstützung der Planung, Konstruktion und Fertigung von Formen für den Metallguss

Die Europäische Gießereiindustrie besteht zu einem großen Teil aus Klein- und Mittelständischen Unternehmen, die in Summe einen bedeutenden Anteil der produzierenden Industrie Europas bilden. Traditionell sind diese Unternehmen lediglich in einem geringen Umfang an Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten beteiligt, was vielerorts den Einsatz veralteter Technologie und der damit verbundenen Prozesse zur Folge hat.

Projektbericht: VITA

In traditionellen Übungsarrangements (z.B. handkorrigierte Hausaufgaben oder vorlesungsbegleitende Übungsgruppen) erhalten Studierende ihre Ergebnisse mit Zeitverzögerung, während der Kurs inzwischen fortschreitet. Dadurch besteht die Gefahr, dass Defizite nicht wahrgenommen oder nicht korrigiert werden. Traditionelle Übungsarrangements erfordern bei sinnvollem Einsatz (v. a. kleine Übungsgruppe) eine Personalkapazität, wie sie insbesondere an Fachhochschulen nicht existiert. Ein zweites Problem, das zum Teil infolge des mangelnden Übens auftritt, besteht darin, dass viele Studierende Lehrveranstaltungen nicht nachbereiten. Viele Studierende versuchen stattdessen, sich den Vorlesungsstoff in einem kurzen Zeitraum vor der Prüfung anzueignen, was, wenn es überhaupt gelingt, nicht zu einer nachhaltigen Verankerung der Inhalte führt. In der Folge fehlen in den Nachfolgeveranstaltungen die Grundlagen, die in den vorausgegangenen Veranstaltungen hätten gelegt werden sollen.

Auslegung, Konstruktion und Fertigung von strömungsmechanischen Funktionsprototypen mittels Rapid Manufacturing

Bei der Fertigung von Funktionsbauteilen für Strömungsversuche spielt das Design und die Komplexität der Bauteilgeometrie eine wesentliche Rolle. Ziel der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit der Lehrstühle Strömungsmaschinen, Rechnereinsatz in der Konstruktion und Fertigungstechnik mit dem Rapid Technology Center (RTC) an der Universität Duisburg-Essen ist es, das Potenzial der additiven Fertigungsverfahren bei der Herstellung von Funktionsprototypen für strömungsmechanische Anwendungen effektiv zu nutzen. An verschiedenen, auf dieser Kooperation beruhenden, Best Practise Beispielen wird gezeigt wie das Laser-Sintern in die Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Laufrädern u. Ä. in unterschiedlichen Größenordnungen integriert werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch die Vorüberlegungen (z. B. durch Simulation), Wechselwirkungen und Folgeprozesse, die mit dieser Fertigungstechnologie verbunden sind, aufgezeigt.

Auslegung, Konstruktion und Fertigung von strömungsmechanischen Funktionsprototypen mittels Rapid Manufacturing

Bei der Fertigung von Funktionsbauteilen für Strömungsversuche spielt das Design und die Komplexität der Bauteilgeometrie eine wesentliche Rolle. Ziel der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit der Lehrstühle Strömungsmaschinen, Rechnereinsatz in der Konstruktion und Fertigungstechnik mit dem Rapid Technology Center (RTC) an der Universität Duisburg-Essen ist es, das Potenzial der additiven Fertigungsverfahren bei der Herstellung von Funktionsprototypen für strömungsmechanische Anwendungen effektiv zu nutzen. An verschiedenen, auf dieser Kooperation beruhenden, Best Practise Beispielen wird gezeigt wie das Laser-Sintern in die Prozesskette zur Herstellung von Laufrädern u. Ä. in unterschiedlichen Größenordnungen integriert werden kann. In diesem Zusammenhang werden auch die Vorüberlegungen (z. B. durch Simulation), Wechselwirkungen und Folgeprozesse, die mit dieser Fertigungstechnologie verbunden sind, aufgezeigt.

Agentenbasiertes Planungsmodell für die Grobplanung von Kommissioniersystemen

Rechnergestützte Modellansätze, die Logistiksysteme gestalten und generieren, sind eine hochkomplexe Aufgabenstellung. Die bisher in der Praxis existierenden Planungs- und Steuerungsmodelle für Intralogistiksysteme weisen für die aktuellen und zukünftigen Anforderungen wie der Komplexitätsbewältigung, Reaktionsschnelligkeit und Anpassungsfähigkeit Schwachstellen auf. – Ein innovativer Ansatz, diesen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden, stellen Multiagentensysteme dar. Mit ihrem dezentralen und modularen Charakter sind sie für ein komplexes Problem mit einem geringen Grad an Strukturiertheit geeignet. Außerdem ermöglichen diese computergestützten intelligenten Systeme den Anwendern eine einfache und aufwandsarme Handhabung.

E-Portfolios als Instrument zur Professionalisierung in der Lehrer- und Lehrerinnenausbildung

E-Portfolios haben in den letzten Jahren große Aufmerksamkeit in der aktuellen pädagogischen Fachdiskussion erfahren und können als einer der wesentlichen Trends bezeichnet werden. Mit der Bologna-konformen Überarbeitung der Lehrpläne an Hochschulen und Universitäten und der Ausrichtung de Studien an Kompetenzen (Outcome- statt Input-Orientierung) bzw. Lernerzentrierung haben immer mehr E-Portfolios den Eingang in die Curricula verschiendenster Aus- und Weiterbildungsstudien gefunden. Dieses Buch beschreibt die Arbeit mit E-Portfolios in der schulpraktischen Hochschulausbildung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern mit dem Ziel, motivationale und technologische Faktoren der Nutzung von E-Portfolios durch Studierende zu bewerten und E-Portfolios sowohl als Werkzeug als auch als Methode in der Pädagogen- und Pädagoginnenbildung weiterzuentwickeln.

Not for Designers: On the Inadequacies of EU Design Law and How to Fix It

Design rights represent an interesting example of how the EU legislature has successfully regulated an otherwise heterogeneous field of law. Yet this type of protection is not for all. The tools created by EU intervention have been drafted paying much more attention to the industry sector rather than to designers themselves. In particular, modern, digitally based, individual or small-sized, 3D printing, open designers and their needs are largely neglected by such legislation. There is obviously nothing wrong in drafting legal tools around the needs of an industrial sector with an important role in the EU economy, on the contrary, this is a legitimate and good decision of industrial policy. However, good legislation should be fair, balanced, and (technologically) neutral in order to offer suitable solutions to all the players in the market, and all the citizens in the society, without discriminating the smallest or the newest: the cost would be to stifle innovation. The use of printing machinery to manufacture physical objects created digitally thanks to computer programs such as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software has been in place for quite a few years, and it is actually the standard in many industrial fields, from aeronautics to home furniture. The change in recent years that has the potential to be a paradigm-shifting factor is a combination between the opularization of such technologies (price, size, usability, quality) and the diffusion of a culture based on access to and reuse of knowledge. We will call this blend Open Design. It is probably still too early, however, to say whether 3D printing will be used in the future to refer to a major event in human history, or instead will be relegated to a lonely Wikipedia entry similarly to ³Betamax² (copyright scholars are familiar with it for other reasons). It is not too early, however, to develop a legal analysis that will hopefully contribute to clarifying the major issues found in current EU design law structure, why many modern open designers will probably find better protection in copyright, and whether they can successfully rely on open licenses to achieve their goals. With regard to the latter point, we will use Creative Commons (CC) licenses to test our hypothesis due to their unique characteristic to be modular, i.e. to have different license elements (clauses) that licensors can choose in order to adapt the license to their own needs.”

Constructing a user experience user experience-based mobile learning environment

Mobile learning, in the past defined as learning with mobile devices, now refers to any type of learning-on-the-go or learning that takes advantage of mobile technologies. This new definition shifted its focus from the mobility of technology to the mobility of the learner (O'Malley and Stanton 2002; Sharples, Arnedillo-Sanchez et al. 2009). Placing emphasis on the mobile learner’s perspective requires studying “how the mobility of learners augmented by personal and public technology can contribute to the process of gaining new knowledge, skills, and experience” (Sharples, Arnedillo-Sanchez et al. 2009). The demands of an increasingly knowledge based society and the advances in mobile phone technology are combining to spur the growth of mobile learning. Around the world, mobile learning is predicted to be the future of online learning, and is slowly entering the mainstream education. However, for mobile learning to attain its full potential, it is essential to develop more advanced technologies that are tailored to the needs of this new learning environment. A research field that allows putting the development of such technologies onto a solid basis is user experience design, which addresses how to improve usability and therefore user acceptance of a system. Although there is no consensus definition of user experience, simply stated it focuses on how a person feels about using a product, system or service. It is generally agreed that user experience adds subjective attributes and social aspects to a space that has previously concerned itself mainly with ease-of-use. In addition, it can include users’ perceptions of usability and system efficiency. Recent advances in mobile and ubiquitous computing technologies further underline the importance of human-computer interaction and user experience (feelings, motivations, and values) with a system. Today, there are plenty of reports on the limitations of mobile technologies for learning (e.g., small screen size, slow connection), but there is a lack of research on user experience with mobile technologies. This dissertation will fill in this gap by a new approach in building a user experience-based mobile learning environment. The optimized user experience we suggest integrates three priorities, namely a) content, by improving the quality of delivered learning materials, b) the teaching and learning process, by enabling live and synchronous learning, and c) the learners themselves, by enabling a timely detection of their emotional state during mobile learning. In detail, the contributions of this thesis are as follows: • A video codec optimized for screencast videos which achieves an unprecedented compression rate while maintaining a very high video quality, and a novel UI layout for video lectures, which together enable truly mobile access to live lectures. • A new approach in HTTP-based multimedia delivery that exploits the characteristics of live lectures in a mobile context and enables a significantly improved user experience for mobile live lectures. • A non-invasive affective learning model based on multi-modal emotion detection with very high recognition rates, which enables real-time emotion detection and subsequent adaption of the learning environment on mobile devices. The technology resulting from the research presented in this thesis is in daily use at the School of Continuing Education of Shanghai Jiaotong University (SOCE), a blended-learning institution with 35.000 students.

Rechnergestützte Analyse von mehrfach eingescherten Seiltrieben

Die Bestimmung der Anzahl der Biegewechsel von laufenden Drahtseilen ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil bei der Betriebsdaueranalyse von Seiltrieben. Auf Seilabschnitte, die während der Betriebszeit die meisten Biegewechsel erfahren, sollte bei einer Seilprüfung besonderes Augenmerk gelegt werden. Gerade bei mehrfacher Einscherung ist jedoch nicht immer von vorn herein ersichtlich, um welche Seilabschnitte es sich dabei handelt. Auf der Basis der Geometrie des mehrfach eingescherten Seiltriebs wird ein rechnergestütztes Analyseverfahren zur Ermittlung der Anzahl der Biegewechsel entlang des Drahtseils bei einem Arbeitsspiel vorgestellt.

The Future of Ubiquitous Learning

This book explores emerging pedagogical perspectives based on the design of new learning spaces supported by digital technologies and brings together some of the best research in this field. The book is divided into three themes: foundations of emerging pedagogies, learning designs for emerging pedagogies and, adaptive and personalized learning. The chapters provide up-to-date information about new pedagogical proposals, and examples for acquiring the requisite skills to both design and support learning opportunities that improve the potential of available technologies.

Light curing through glass ceramics with a second- and a third-generation LED curing unit: effect of curing mode on the degree of conversion of dual-curing resin cements

Objectives The aim of this study was to measure the degree of conversion (DC) of five dual-curing resin cements after different curing modes with a second- and a third-generation light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit. Additionally, irradiance of both light curing units was measured at increasing distances and through discs of two glass ceramics for computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Materials and methods Irradiance and spectra of the Elipar FreeLight 2 (Standard Mode (SM)) and of the VALO light curing unit (High Power Mode (HPM) and Xtra Power Mode (XPM)) were measured with a MARC radiometer. Irradiance was measured at increasing distances (control) and through discs (1.5 to 6 mm thickness) of IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD. DC of Panavia F2.0, RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, SpeedCEM, BisCem, and BeautiCem SA was measured with an attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectrometer when self-cured (negative control) or light cured in SM for 40 s, HPM for 32 s, or XPM for 18 s. Light curing was performed directly (positive control) or through discs of either 1.5- or 3-mm thickness of IPS Empress CAD or IPS e.max CAD. DC was analysed with Kruskal–Wallis tests followed by pairwise Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α = 0.05). Results Maximum irradiances were 1,545 mW/cm2 (SM), 2,179 mW/cm2 (HPM), and 4,156 mW/cm2 (XPM), and all irradiances decreased by >80 % through discs of 1.5 mm, ≥95 % through 3 mm, and up to >99 % through 6 mm. Generally, self-curing resulted in the lowest DC. For some cements, direct light curing did not result in higher DC compared to when light cured through ceramic discs. For other cements, light curing through ceramic discs of 3 mm generally reduced DC. Conclusions Light curing was favourable for dual-curing cements. Some cements were more susceptible to variations in curing mode than others. Clinical relevance When light curing a given cement, the higher irradiances of the third-generation LED curing unit resulted in similar DC compared to the second-generation one, though at shorter light curing times.

Clinical outcome of single porcelain-fused-to-zirconium dioxide crowns: a systematic review

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The increasing demand by patients for esthetic and metal-free restorations has driven the development of ceramic restorations with good esthetic and mechanical stability. Recent clinical studies have investigated the use of zirconium dioxide as a core material for complete crowns and computer-aided-design/computer-aided-manufacturing fabricated restorations. PURPOSE The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical survival rates of porcelain-fused-to-zirconia (PFZ) single crowns on anterior and posterior teeth and to compare them with metal ceramic (MC) crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted with PubMed and manual research to identify literature written in English that refers to in vivo studies published from January 1, 1950 through July 1, 2011. Clinical trials that evaluated PFZ and MC single crowns on natural teeth were selected for further analysis. Titles and/or abstracts of articles identified through the electronic searches were reviewed and evaluated for appropriateness. In addition, a hand search of relevant dental journals was peformed, and reference lists of culled articles were screened to identify publications. RESULTS The search resulted in a total of 488 initial matches. Nineteen studies with a total of 3621 crowns met the inclusion criteria. The survival rates of PFZ crowns (total 300) ranged from 92.7% to 100% for a follow-up time of 24 to 39 months, whereas those of MC crowns (total 3321) ranged from 70% to 100% for a follow-up time of 12 to 298 months. Studies that reported long-term results were found only for the MC crown group. CONCLUSIONS The scientific clinical data available to compare PFZ and MC crowns are limited. The survival rates may well be influenced by the selection and appropriate use of the veneering ceramic, and, therefore, additional prospective long-term clinical trials are necessary to draw reliable conclusions.

Do mature pulmonary lobes grow after transplantation into an immature recipient?

BACKGROUND The use of reduced-size adult lung transplants could help solve the profound pediatric donor lung shortage. However, adequate long-term function of the mature grafts requires growth in proportion to the recipient's development. METHODS Mature left lower lobes from adult mini-pigs (age: 7 months; mean body weight: 30 kg) were transplanted into 14-week-old piglets (mean body weight: 15 kg). By the end of the 14-week holding period, lungs of the recipients (n = 4) were harvested. After volumetric measurements, the lung morphology was studied using light microscopy, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Changes of alveolar airspace volume were determined using a computer aided image analysis system. Comparisons were made to age- and weight-matched controls. RESULTS Volumetric studies showed no significant differences (p = 0.49) between the specific volume (mL/kg body weight) of lobar grafts and left lower lobes of adult controls. Morphologic studies showed marked structural differences between the grafts and the right native lungs of the recipients, with increased average alveolar diameter of the grafts. On light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, alveoli appeared dilated and rounded compared to the normal polygonal shape in the controls. The computer generated semi-quantitative data of relative alveolar airspace volume tended to be higher in transplanted lobes. CONCLUSIONS The mature pulmonary lobar grafts have filled the growing left hemithorax of the developing recipient. Emphysema-like alterations of the grafts were observed without evidence of alveolar growth in the mature lobar transplants. Thus, it can be questioned whether mature pulmonary grafts can guarantee sufficient long-term gas exchange in growing recipients.