773 resultados para teachers educators kindergarten - power relationships conflict - established and outsiders
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A cladistic analysis was applied to test the monophyly of the genus Isoctenus. The data matrix comprised 28 taxa scored for 53 morphological and two behavioural characters. The analysis resulted in two equally parsimonious trees of 89 steps. The strict consensus was used to discuss the relationships of Isoctenus and related Cteninae genera. Ctenopsis Schmidt is synonymized with Isoctenus. Isoctenus foliifer Bertkau, I. strandi Mello-Leitao, I. eupalaestrus Mello-Leitao, I. janeirus (Walckenaer), I. coxalis (Pickard-Cambridge), I. corymbus Polotow, Brescovit & Pellegatti-Franco and I. malabaris Polotow, Brescovit & Ott are maintained in Isoctenus. Four species currently included in Ctenus are transferred to Isoctenus: I. griseolus (Mello-Leitao) comb. nov., I. taperae (Mello-Leitao) comb. nov., I. herteli (Mello-Leitao) comb. nov. and I. minusculus (Keyserling) comb. nov. The following specific names are synonymized: Ctenus sanguineus Walckenaer, C. semiornatus Mello-Leitao and Ctenopsis stellata Schmidt with Isoctenus janeirus (Walckenaer), Ctenus mourei Mello-Leitao with Isoctenus herteli (Mello-Leitao) and Ctenus pauper Mello-Leitao with Isoctenus strandi Mello-Leitao. Isoctenus sigma Schenkel, described from French Guiana, is transferred to Ctenus. Four species are newly described: Isoctenus areia sp. nov. from Paraiba, Brazil, I. charada sp. nov. and I. segredo sp. nov. from Parana, Brazil, and I. ordinario sp. nov. from south and south-eastern Brazil and north-eastern Argentina. Isoctenus latevittatus Caporiacco is considered species inquirenda. Parabatinga gen. nov. is proposed to include Ctenus brevipes Keyserling. The following synonymies are established: Ctenus taeniatus Keyserling, C. tatarandensis Tullgren, C. anisitsi Strand, C. atrivulvus Strand, C. mentor Strand, C. brevipes brevilabris Strand, Isoctenus masculus Mello-Leitao and Ctenus birabeni Mello-Leitao with Parabatinga brevipes (Keyserling) comb. nov. (C) 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 155, 583-614.
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This report describes the outcome of the first visit to Tanzania, within the project "Mini-grids supplied by renewable energy - improving technical and social feasibility". The trip included visits to three different organizations; Ihushi Development Center (IDC) near Mwanza, TIDESO near Bukoba, and Mavuno Project in Karagwe. At IDC, a brief evaluation of the current power system was done and measuring equipment for long term measurements were installed. At all three locations investigations regarding the current and future electricity demand were conducted and connections to people relevant to the study were established. The report is including as well some technical specifications as some observations regarding organization and management of the technical systems. The trip was including only short visits and therefore only brief introductions to the different organizations, based on observations done by the author. The report is hence describing the authors understanding of the technical system and social structures after only short visits to each of the organizations, and may differ from observations done at another point in time, over a different time period, or by some other person.This report describes the outcome of the first visit to Tanzania, within the project "Mini-grids supplied by renewable energy - improving technical and social feasibility". The trip included visits to three different organizations; Ihushi Development Center (IDC) near Mwanza, TIDESO near Bukoba, and Mavuno Project in Karagwe. At IDC, a brief evaluation of the current power system was done and measuring equipment for long term measurements were installed. At all three locations investigations regarding the current and future electricity demand were conducted and connections to people relevant to the study were established. The report is including as well some technical specifications as some observations regarding organization and management of the technical systems. The trip was including only short visits and therefore only brief introductions to the different organizations, based on observations done by the author. The report is hence describing the authors understanding of the technical system and social structures after only short visits to each of the organizations, and may differ from observations done at another point in time, over a different time period, or by some other person.
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The aim of this article is to describe how the Learning Study method (LS) was implemented in a Swedish upper secondary school, as well as how the principals and the teachers involved perceived this to affect teaching at, and the development of, the school. It is an empirical study that was conducted as an action research project over a period of three years. The project to implement the LS method was based on the assumption that proper training is the result of collegial activity that occurs when teachers learn from each other. The teachers in this study were, in general, positive about using the LS method. It created opportunities to meet and talk about teaching skills, developed better professional relationships between colleagues, and offered a systematic method for planning, implementing and monitoring teaching. However, working together requires that time be set aside to allow for implementation of the LS method. This is crucial, as the LS method is a rather expensive way to make school development work. This places heavy demands on principals to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of the LS method.
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During the latest decade Somali-born women with experiences of long-lasting war followed by migration have increasingly encountered Swedish maternity care, where antenatal care midwives are assigned to ask questions about exposure to violence. The overall aim in this thesis was to gain deeper understanding of Somali-born womens wellbeing and needs during the parallel transitions of migration to Sweden and childbearing, focusing on maternity healthcare encounters and violence. Data were obtained from medical records (paper I), qualitative interviews with Somali-born women (II, III) and Swedish antenatal care midwives (IV). Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used. Compared to pregnancies of Swedish-born women, Somali-born womens pregnancies demonstrated later booking and less visits to antenatal care, more maternal morbidity but less psychiatric treatment, less medical pain relief during delivery and more emergency caesarean sections and small-for-gestational-age infants (I). Political violence with broken societal structures before migration contributed to up-rootedness, limited healthcare and absent state-based support to women subjected to violence, which reinforced reliance on social networks, own endurance and faith in Somalia (II). After migration, sources of wellbeing were a pragmatic moving-on approach including faith and motherhood, combined with social coherence. Lawful rights for women were appreciated but could concurrently risk creating power tensions in partner relationships. Generally, the Somali-born women associated the midwife more with providing medical care than with overall wellbeing or concerns about violence, but new societal resources were parallel incorporated with known resources (III). Midwives strived for woman-centered approaches beyond ethnicity and culture in care encounters, with language, social gaps and divergent views on violence as potential barriers in violence inquiry. Somali-born womens strength and contentment were highlighted, and ongoing violence seldom encountered according to the midwives experiences (IV). Pragmatism including moving on combined with support from family and social networks, indicate capability to cope with violence and migration-related stress. However, this must be balanced against potential unspoken needs at individual level in care encounters.With trustful relationships, optimized interaction and networking with local Somali communities and across professions, the antenatal midwife can have a bridging-function in balancing between dual societies and contribute to healthy transitions in the new society.
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Objective: It has been shown that specific competence is necessary for preventing and managing conflicts in healthcare settings. The aim of this descriptive and correlation study was to investigate and compare the self-reported conflict management competence (CMC) of nursing students who were on the point of graduating (NSPGs), and the CMC of registered nurses (RNs) with professional experience. Methods: The data collection, which consisted of soliciting answers to items measuring CMC in the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale, was performed as a purposive selection of 11 higher education institutions (HEIs) in Sweden. Three CMC items from the NPC Scale were answered by a total of 569 nursing students who were on the point of graduating and 227 RN registered nurses with professional experience. Results: No significant differences between NSPGs and RNs were found, and both groups showed a similar score pattern, with the lowest score for the item: How do you perceive your ability to develop the group and strengthen competence in conflict management and problem-solving, based on knowledge of group dynamics?. RNs with long professional experience (>24 months) rated their overall CMC as significantly better than RNs with short (<24 months) professional experience did (p = .05). NSPGs who had experience of international studies during their nursing education reported higher CMC, compared with those who did not have this experience (p = .03). RNs who reported a high degree of utilisation of CMC during the previous month scored higher regarding self-reported overall CMC (p < .0001). Conclusions: Experience of international studies during nursing education, or long professional experience, resulted in higher self-reported CMC. Hence, the CMC items in the NPC Scale can be suitable for identifying self-reported conflict management competence among NSPGs and RNs
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In this thesis, we investigate some aspects of the interplay between economic regulation and the risk of the regulated firm. In the first chapter, the main goal is to understand the implications a mainstream regulatory model (Laffont and Tirole, 1993) have on the systematic risk of the firm. We generalize the model in order to incorporate aggregate risk, and find that the optimal regulatory contract must be severely constrained in order to reproduce real-world systematic risk levels. We also consider the optimal profit-sharing mechanism, with an endogenous sharing rate, to explore the relationship between contract power and beta. We find results compatible with the available evidence that high-powered regimes impose more risk to the firm. In the second chapter, a joint work with Daniel Lima from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), we start from the observation that regulated firms are subject to some regulatory practices that potentially affect the symmetry of the distribution of their future profits. If these practices are anticipated by investors in the stock market, the pattern of asymmetry in the empirical distribution of stock returns may differ among regulated and non-regulated companies. We review some recently proposed asymmetry measures that are robust to the empirical regularities of return data and use them to investigate whether there are meaningful differences in the distribution of asymmetry between these two groups of companies. In the third and last chapter, three different approaches to the capital asset pricing model of Kraus and Litzenberger (1976) are tested with recent Brazilian data and estimated using the generalized method of moments (GMM) as a unifying procedure. We find that ex-post stock returns generally exhibit statistically significant coskewness with the market portfolio, and hence are sensitive to squared market returns. However, while the theoretical ground for the preference for skewness is well established and fairly intuitive, we did not find supporting evidence that investors require a premium for supporting this risk factor in Brazil.
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A partir da prtica da Equipe Tcnica de Educao Especial (ETESP), rgo da Secretaria Estadual de Educao do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, representativa do sistema enquanto lugar de relaes de poder, desenvolve-se uma anlise crtica da educao especial. A fundamentao terica dessa anlise, em um primeiro momento, coloca em questo o problema da normalidade, dentro da viso de Canguilhem e, em um segundo momento, relaciona as teorias de Lacan e Marx, principalmente em relao ao problema da determinao e da permanncia da lgica scio-cultural em que vivemos. Definida as prticas institucionais, dentro de uma perspectiva foucauldiana, como processo gradual que tem como objetivo a produo de corpos dceis e submissos, coloca a ETESP, seus tcnicos e as professoras das classes especiais, no papel de garantir e perpetuar a hegemonia da classe que detem o poder, submetendo a uma prtica normatizadora todos os alunos que no se enquadram no funcionamento da escola. Aponta a necessidade de mudana no conceito de "excepcional" e a possibilidade de criao de espaos e metodologias novas, como formas de transformao do atual quadro da educao especial.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: i) examinar por meio de que mecanismos se d a inculcao da cultura secundria na escola primria; ii) verificar os efeitos desta inculcao nas representaes da clientela que frequenta a escola; iii) verificar at que ponto a escola est cumprindo sua funo de reproduo das classes culturais dominates da sociedade. Neste estudo, consideramos o processo educacional como a inculcao, nos alunos, dos valores da classe dominante da sociedade por meio do exerccio da Violncia Simblica, que caracteriza a ao pedaggica, e a escola como o ambiente formal e institucional onde se processam, de modo legtimo, as relaes de dominao e de inculcao dos padres culturais desses grupos ou classes, por intemdio das professoras, agentes tambm legtimos desse processo de inculcao do arbitrrio cultural. Todo o estudo foi caracterizado por um enfoque antropolgico, guiado pela observao participativa junto ao grupo e rea selecionados para estudo. Verificou-se que a escola, atravs de suas prticas, inculca nos alunos aspiraes que so tpicas da classe dominante da sociedade. Estas aspiraes foram manifestadas em suas representaes. Observou-se, ainda, que a escola, por intermdio de seus agentes, atribui o fracasso escolar dos alunos unicamente a seu ambiente cultural (primeira socializao), que no refora os contedos que a escola ensina. Alm disso, observou-se que, aps muitos anos de magistrio, a tendncia das professoras tambm se aculturarem ao meio onde trabalham, gerando no processo de ensino a possibilidade da ocorrncia daquilo que chamamos de transgresso do cdigo de violncia simblica. Como este trabalho trata-se de um estudo de caso, seria conveniente que o mesmo tema fosse pesquisado em outras configuraes, principalmente se se tiver como objetivo testar o grau de generalidade das caractersticas constatadas a partir deste estudo particular.
Anlise das relaes e representaes escola-sociedade civil na Regio Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro
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Esta dissertao evidencia que existe uma importante parcela dos setores populares na Regio Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, cuja ao no se limitou a aceitar passivamente as decises e aes do Estado. Mas, nas tentativas de se tornarem protagonistas ativos de seu processo histrico esbarraram em vrias dificuldades das quais, talvez a maior, tenha sido o "esvaziamento " das formas organizativas de seus movimentos. Por outro lado, objetivamos identificar nesta regio e, principalmente no seu meio rural, a dimenso histrica da educao, no sentido desta no apenas ser modificada no curso do prprio processo histrico mas, tambm, da possibilidade real de ser um dos agentes modificadores. Alm disso, este estudo se desenvolveu apontando para a necessidade de se analisar as "relaes de fora", em momentos ou graus, que na dinmica do movimento histrico da sociedade, combinam-se, alternam-se e entrelaam-se. Assim, procuramos desvendar o inventrio da regio partindo desde os seus primrdios, passando pelos primeiros imigrantes europeus e a sua absoro pelas fraoes de classe na dinmica histrica que se desenvolveu, contextualizando a problemtica nacional e internacional. Analisamos, tambm, as tentativas de organizao dos movimentos sociais tomando como referencial a "Comuna de Paris" e as anlises de Marx a seu respeito, bem como os conceitos de qualidade e pobreza poltica. No relato e estudo dos diversos casos fomos levados discusso do papel do Estado e de suas variadas formas de interveno, onde afloram o c1ientelismo e o assistencialismo. Ao analisar as relaes e representaes da escola com a sociedade civil, deparamo-nos com o movimento reivindicatrio dos professores por melhores salrios, melhoria da educao e outras propostas. Na nsia de obter recursos mnimos para o seu funcionamento, a escola apelou para a comunidade que a cerca, porm, determinando o padro de participao comunitria resultando da, um rompimento. Assim, na Regio Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, como no resto do Brasil, a escola e as instituies em geral. vm cumprindo seu papel de reforo e reproduo da estrutura de classes da sociedade. Durante a pesquisa e na construo desta dissertao adquirimos uma convico que no diz respeito somente regio estudada: a formao da cidadania passa pela educao. Mas ela no ensinada na escola. Ela surge da luta construda objetiva e obstinadamente nas reais possibilidades do dia a dia, no universo do qual a escola faz parte. A luta por uma escola melhor e parte da luta por uma sociedade melhor.
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Os dilemas e desafios estratgicos para viabilizao econmica e legitimao enfrentados por organizaes sociais no Brasil organizaes sem finalidade econmica - se assemelham aos enfrentados por outros tipos de organizao nas diversas partes do mundo. A literatura dominante de gesto e estratgia privilegia, em seu arcabouo, conceitos e prticas que apoiam e so apoiados nas grandes corporaes privadas. A crescente influncia dessas organizaes na academia e na sociedade ajuda a explicar o papel de importncia que estratgias de responsabilidade social corporativa alcanaram na legitimao das prticas e ideologia neoliberal que ajudam a reafirmar. Por sua vez, este quadro ajuda a explicar a posio marginal que as organizaes sociais ocupam na rea de gesto estratgica. Esta dissertao busca a ampliao da discusso dos estudos do campo da gesto estratgica que abordaram a construo hegemnica do campo, seus processos de legitimao e difuso e as respectivas abordagens crticas, inclusive o aspecto de colonialidade no qual a literatura dominante se insere. A compreenso da trajetria estratgica de uma organizao social, o Servio Social do Comrcio Sesc, se deu pela investigao dos processos de legitimao mobilizados dentro da prpria organizao e no contexto em que atua. Para tal foi utilizada a perspectiva contextualista que permitiu a observao mediante as relaes internas e externas estabelecidas e as mudanas e continuidades promovidas em funo de sua legitimao. Ao representar organizaes como sistemas polticos e culturais que influenciam e que so influenciados pelo meio, esta investigao promove o entendimento dos componentes ideolgicos e de poder na gesto estratgica, comumente naturalizados pela literatura dominante, abrindo espao ainda para a descolonizao da rea de gesto estratgica, enfatizando a diversidade de organizaes e de prticas e na possibilidade da coexistncia de diferentes tipos de organizao na rea.
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The need to research about meanings and relationships between individuals with Bachelor s degrees and Teaching can be considered an exercise capable of aiding in the comprehension of the very performance of the Bachelor as teacher. The guiding question of this study asks: what relationships are established by Bachelors, who are teachers, between their professional education and their performance as a teacher? My objective is to understand the meanings attributed by the Bachelor teachers to teaching at the university level, seeking indicators about the relationships established by them, between their professional education and being a teacher. For this, the methodology used was the Comprehensive Interview, which permits, through the individual s oral discourse, the interpretation of meanings and values expressed by the teachers about their actions. The research is done through oral discourse collected in interviews and from these I analyze the elements that are revealed, and those which help me in the development of this object of study. I understand that the contribution about the possibilities of action and continued education for Bachelors who act as instructors in Higher Education is increasingly necessary, through research, because through continuing education teachers can revisit their actions and reformulate meanings they attribute to teaching as a profession. I consider the debate about meanings about teaching and the relationships with the initial education is not only necessary in the investigation of the Bachelors who act as professors, but also the credentialed teachers, because the teacher s sense of identity and their professional development is constructed through a historical process and in relation to the alternative positioning in the contexts of which they are a part
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The naturally occurring wildlife host associations between ticks and tick-borne pathogens found in the neotropics are poorly described. Understanding tick-bite lesions is important as these are the site of host reaction to and pathogen delivery by ticks. As part of a comprehensive study concerning established and emerging tick-host relationships. The present work describes some aspects of tick-bite lesions in anteaters and armadillos captured at the Emas National Park and the Pantanal region of Brazil. Biopsies were of skin were taken and examine. Tick feeding sites of all animals displayed an eosinophilic homogeneous mass, the cement cone, and, occasionally, a feeding cavity underneath the tick attachment site. At these locations the epidermis was usually thickened due to keratinocyte hyperplasia. The main dermal changes included tissue infiltration with a varying number of inflammatory cells, edema, hemorrhage. and vascular dilatation. Cellular infiltration of the dermis was predominantly composed of mononuclear cells, neutrophils. and eosinophils. Mast cells were also seen in both non-parasitized and parasitized skin but were found in higher numbers at perivascular sites and in parasitized skin. Basophils were not seen at tick attachment sites of anteaters or armadillos.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientfico e Tecnolgico (CNPq)
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The gradual increase of violence in Brazilian society has being resulting in a growing of the prison population over last years, as well as the proportion of women than men. The participation of women in crime and responsibilities within her family makes this phenomenon a growing social problem. Women prisoners are mostly young, in reproductive age, making pregnancy a recurrent situation while they are serving a sentence. The studies about female criminality are poor and not helpful about its real dimension, especially when targeted to women who experienced pregnancy in this environment. Given these considerations, this research had as its object of study the experience of women in prison during pregnancy: analyze the experience of women in prison during the gestational period. This is a descriptive and qualitative study. The data were sourced through a semi-structured interview with nine incarcerated women, between August and September 2011, who met the inclusion criteria previously established, and organized according to the precepts of content analysis according to Bardin. Through this coding and classification process became a central thematic: the experience of women in prison during pregnancy, resulting in three categories: category 1 interpersonal relationships; category 2 - feelings that permeate the pregnant woman in prison; and category 3 absence of health care to incarcerated pregnant. The data were analyzed according to the available literature and the study revealed that interpersonal relationships, maintained by these women in prison, were marked by distance from family members, primarily due to socioeconomic factors, being a challenge for addressing of pregnancy in prison and reports of abuse of power by employees working in the institution. The women, who experience pregnancy in prison are more likely to experience feelings of worry, doubts, sadness and fear for baby s health due to lack of antenatal care and about the prison environment structure to meet your needs. The health care aimed at these women is poor and often does not occur, endangering the baby s life and his own mother, this is being a troubling reality in public health system. Finally, it is expected that this study can give visibility to an issue rarely discussed in the literature and contribute to the construction of specific public policies for this reality, in order to minimize the effects of incarceration during pregnancy
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The literature widely recognizes that shift workers have more health complaints than the general population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of sleep complaints and verify the polysomnographic (PSG) variables of shift workers in two Brazilian nuclear power plants. We carried out a subjective evaluation with a sleep questionnaire. Based on these results, the interviewees that reported sleep-related complaints were referred for polysomnographic evaluation. of the 327 volunteers initially evaluated by the sleep questionnaire, 113 (35%) reported sleep complaints; they were significantly older, had higher body mass index (BMI), and worked more years on shifts than those without sleep complaints. of these 113, 90 met criteria for various sleep disorders: 30 (9%) showed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 18 (5.5%) showed limb movement, and 42 (13%) evidenced both sleep problems and had a significantly higher proportion of sleep stage 1 and arousals compared with the 23 shift workers that had no indices of sleep problems. The present study found that 90 (27.5%) of the evaluated participants met the PSG criteria of some type of clinical sleep disorder. This high proportion should be investigated for associations with other aspects of work, such as working hours, working schedule, years performing shift work, and access to health services. Due to the strong association between sleep disorders and the incidence of fatigue and sleepiness, the evaluation of the sleep patterns and complaints of shift workers is essential and should be considered to be one of the basic strategies of industry to prevent accidents.
