Liderazgo de rango total y gesti��n del conocimiento: situaci��n actual y perspectivas de desarrollo

El presente trabajo muestra los tipos de liderazgo de rango total y su relaci��n con respecto a la gesti��n del conocimiento. Para ello, en primer lugar, se efect��a la investigaci��n te��rica del liderazgo transaccional y del liderazgo transformacional, ya que estos hacen parte del liderazgo de rango total, de igual forma se estudiar�� los aspectos primordiales de la gesti��n del conocimiento, dando cavidad al an��lisis de la relaci��n entre dichos conceptos y c��mo influyen en la perdurabilidad de las organizaciones. Se evidencian resultados que se��alan: La existencia de una fuerte interrelaci��n entre el liderazgo y la gesti��n del conocimiento, de forma que las empresas precisan de un mayor conocimiento acerca de las caracter��sticas del liderazgo para facilitar la comprensi��n e implantaci��n de las mejores pr��cticas en la organizaci��n (Barbosa, Mihi & Noguera, 2013, secci��n de Resumen, p��rr. 1) Una organizaci��n se encuentra orientada a identificar objetivos y las estrategias m��s adecuadas para conseguirlos, siendo est�� una actividad primordial en la gesti��n empresarial, la cual logra organizar y disponer todos los recursos humanos para la optimizaci��n de cada uno de sus trabajadores teniendo en cuenta los efectos del entorno, por lo tanto la actualidad empresarial se encuentra guiada hacia la elecci��n de personal con altas habilidades de liderazgo y gesti��n del conocimiento, siendo de esta forma la raz��n del estudio adecuado del liderazgo orient��ndonos en el modelo de liderazgo de rango total y la importancia de la gesti��n del conocimiento en la actualidad. Se evidencian numerosos estudios de investigaci��n en donde se han relacionado el estilo de liderazgo organizacional con ��ptimos resultados (Vega & Zavala, 2004). Lo cual permite realizar investigaciones de diferentes autores sobre la relaci��n que se evidencia entre la gesti��n del conocimiento y los diferentes tipos de liderazgo del modelo de rango total, y como sus actos pueden llevar a la organizaci��n privada a la perdurabilidad, lo cual se definir��a como una organizaci��n que: A trav��s del tiempo presenta resultados financieros superiores. Adecua su manejo a la intensidad de las condiciones del entorno sectorial y las fuerzas del mercado. Se enfoca en espacios no explotados y hace un estudio detallado de sus competidores dise��ando y ejecutando productivamente la cadena de valor. Es aquella que obtiene desempe��os eficientes en su gesti��n por la coherencia de su acci��n, la identificaci��n de su entorno sectorial y sus pol��ticas de gobierno, evitando estados de morbidez que dificultan su crecimiento rentable y que puede llegar a estados tanticos. Propicia la alineaci��n de las personas con la empresa, la construcci��n de conocimiento y la calidad en los procesos de interacci��n social. (Rivera, 2012, p.107)

Product/Brand co-creation methodology crossing marketing, design thinking, creativity and management: ideas(r)evolution

This thesis introduce a new innovation methodology called IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION that was developed according to an on-going experimental research project started in 2007. This new approach to innovation has initial based on Design thinking for innovation theory and practice. The concept of design thinking for innovation has received much attention in recent years. This innovation approach has climbed from the design and designers knowledge field towards other knowledge areas, mainly business management and marketing. Human centered approach, radical collaboration, creativity and breakthrough thinking are the main founding principles of Design thinking that were adapted by those knowledge areas due to their assertively and fitness to the business context and market complexity evolution. Also Open innovation, User-centered innovation and later on Living Labs models emerge as answers to the market and consumers pressure and desire for new products, new services or new business models. Innovation became the principal business management focus and strategic orientation. All this changes had an impact also in the marketing theory. It is possible now to have better strategies, communications plans and continuous dialogue systems with the target audience, incorporating their insights and promoting them to the main dissemination ambassadors of our innovations in the market. Drawing upon data from five case studies, the empirical findings in this dissertation suggest that companies need to shift from Design thinking for innovation approach to an holistic, multidimensional and integrated innovation system. The innovation context it is complex, companies need deeper systems then the success formulas that ���commercial ���Design thinking for innovation ���preaches���. They need to learn how to change their organization culture, how to empower their workforce and collaborators, how to incorporate external stakeholders in their innovation processes, hoe to measure and create key performance indicators throughout the innovation process to give them better decision making data, how to integrate meaning and purpose in their innovation philosophy. Finally they need to understand that the strategic innovation effort it is not a ���one shot��� story it is about creating a continuous flow of interaction and dialogue with their clients within a ���value creation chain��� mindset; RESUMO: Metodologia de co-cria����o de um produto/marca cruzando Marketing, Design Thinking, Criativity and Management - IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION. Esta disserta����o apresenta uma nova metodologia de inova����o chamada IDEAS(R)EVOLUTION, que foi desenvolvida segundo um projecto de investiga����o experimental cont��nuo que teve o seu in��cio em 2007. Esta nova abordagem baseou-se, inicialmente, na teoria e na pr��ctica do Design thinking para a inova����o. Actualmente o conceito do Design Thinking para a inova����o ���saiu��� do dominio da area de conhecimento do Design e dos Designers, tendo despertado muito interesse noutras ��reas como a Gest��o e o Marketing. Uma abordagem centrada na Pessoa, a colabora����o radical, a criatividade e o pensamento disruptivo s��o principios fundadores do movimento do Design thinking que t��m sido adaptados por essas novas ��reas de conhecimento devido assertividade e adaptabilidade ao contexto dos neg��cios e �� evolu����o e complexidade do Mercado. Tamb��m os modelos de Inova����o Aberta, a inova����o centrada no utilizador e mais tarde os Living Labs, emergem como possiveis solu����es para o Mercado e para a press��o e desejo dos consumidores para novos productos, servi��os ou modelos de neg��cio. A inova����o passou a ser o principal foco e orienta����o estrat��gica na Gest��o. Todas estas mudan��as tamb��m tiveram impacto na teoria do Marketing. Hoje �� possivel criar melhores estrat��gias, planos de comunica����o e sistemas continuos de di��logo com o p��blico alvo, incorporando os seus insights e promovendo os consumidores como embaixadores na dissemina����o da inova����o das empresas no Mercado Os resultados empiricos desta tese, constru��dos com a informa����o obtida nos cinco casos realizados, sugerem que as empresas precisam de se re-orientar do paradigma do Design thinking para a inova����o, para um sistema de inova����o mais holistico, multidimensional e integrado. O contexto da Inova����o �� complexo, por isso as empresas precisam de sistemas mais profundos e n��o apenas de ���f��rmulas comerciais��� como o Design thinking para a inova����o advoga. As Empresas precisam de aprender como mudar a sua cultura organizacional, como capacitar sua for��a de trabalho e colaboradores, como incorporar os p��blicos externos no processo de inova����o, como medir o processo de inova����o criando indicadores chave de performance e obter dados para um tomada de decis��o mais informada, como integrar significado e prop��sito na sua filosofia de inova����o. Por fim, precisam de perceber que uma estrat��gia de inova����o n��o passa por ter ���sucesso uma vez���, mas sim por criar um fluxo cont��nuo de intera����o e di��logo com os seus clientes com uma mentalidade de ���cadeia de cria����o de valor���

Cooperation, interaction and learning in local production systems: Evidence in Brazilian firms

In a local production system (LPS), besides external economies, the interaction, cooperation, and learning are indicated by the literature as complementary ways of enhancing the LPS's competitiveness and gains. In Brazil, the greater part of LPSs, mostly composed by small enterprises, displays incipient relationships and low levels of interaction and cooperation among their actors. The size of the participating enterprises itself for specificities that engender organizational constraints, which, in turn, can have a considerable impact on their relationships and learning dynamics. For that reason, it is the purpose of this article to present an analysis of interaction, cooperation, and learning relationships among several types of actors pertaining to an LPS in the farming equipment and machinery sector, bearing in mind the specificities of small enterprises. To this end, the fieldwork carried out in this study aimed at: (i) investigating external and internal knowledge sources conducive to learning and (ii) identifying and analyzing motivating and inhibiting factors related to specificities of small enterprises in order to bring the LPS members closer together and increase their cooperation and interaction. Empirical evidence shows that internal aspects of the enterprises, related to management and infrastructure, can have a strong bearing on their joint actions, interaction and learning processes.

The city of Maringa, PR. The initial plan and the "urban requalifications"

The city of Maringa, located in the Northwest of Parana State, Brazil, was part of an extensive area colonized by the Companhia de Terras Norte do Parana replaced by the Companhia Melhoramentos Norte do Parana. Starting from a modem project elaborated in midlles of 1940's, Maringa emerged quickly amid the forest. We analyzed the initial plan, the projects for the reformulation of the central area and the tendencies of the public actions in the urban area that turn for real estate promotion and disrespect the popular participation. In its regional scale, Maringa follows the same orientation of cities that are used by the The obsession for the modernity takes to the systematic construction of new spaces that substitute the memory and the urban history in projects that reconduct to the aestheticization and the spectacularization of the urban landscape of Maringa.

Collaboration intensity in the Brazilian supermarket retail chain

Purpose - This paper seeks to identify collaboration elements and evaluate their intensity in the Brazilian supermarket retail chain, especially the manufacturer-retailer channel. Design/methodology/approach - A structured questionnaire was elaborated and applied to 125 representatives from suppliers of large supermarket chains. Statistical methods including multivariate analysis were employed. Variables were grouped and composed into five indicators (joint actions, information sharing, interpersonal integration, gains and cost sharing, and strategic integration) to assess the degree of collaboration. Findings - The analyses showed that the interviewees considered interpersonal integration to be of greater importance to collaboration intensity than the other integration factors, such as gain or cost sharing or even strategic integration. Research limitations/implications - The research was conducted solely from the point of view of the industries that supply the large retail networks. The interviews were not conducted in pairs; that is, there was no application of one questionnaire to the retail network and another to the partner industry. Practical implications - Companies should invest in conducting periodic meetings with their partners to increase collaboration intensity, and should carry out technical visits to learn about their partners` logistic reality and thus make better operational decisions. Originality/value - The paper reveals which indicators produce greater collaboration intensity, and thus those that are more relevant to more efficient logistics management.

Tax Cost of Investment Projects: the case of ICMS credits

This article discusses the impact on the profitability of firms under Complementary Law 102/2000 (which abrogated the Law 89/96 - Kandir Law) allowing the appropriation of ICMS credits, due to investment in fixed assets goods, at a ratio of 1/48 per month. The paper seeks to demonstrate how this new system - which resulted in the transformation of the ICMS as a value added tax (VAT) consumption-type to an income-type - leads to a loss of approximately 30% of the value of credits to be recovered and the effect it generates on the cost of investment and the profits for small, medium and large firms. From the methodological point of view, it is a descriptive and quantitative research, which proceeded in three stages. Initially, we have obtained estimated value of net sales and volume of investments, based on report Painel de Competitividade prepared by the Federacao das Indtustrias do Estado de Sao Paulo (Fiesp/Serasa). Based on this information, it was possible to obtain estimates of the factors of generation of debits and credits for ICMS, using the model Credit Control of Fixed Assets (CIAP). Finally, we have calculated three indicators: (i) present value of debt recovery/value of credits, (ii) present value of debt recovery / investment value, (iii) present value of debt recovery / sales profitability. We have conclude that the system introduced by Complementary Law 102/2000 implicates great opportunity cost for firms and that legislation should be reviewed from this perspective, aiming to ensure lower costs associated with investment projects.

Mapping the Contemporary Studies on Alliances and Strategic Networks

The competition among the companies depends on the velocity and efficience they can create and commercialize knowledge in a timely and cost-efficient manner. In this context, collaboration emerges as a reaction to the environmental changes. Although strategic alliances and networks have been exploited in the strategic literature for decades, the complexity and continuous usage of these cooperation structures, in a world of growing competition, justify the continuous interest in both themes. This article presents a scanning of the contemporary academic production in strategic alliances and networks, covering the period from January 1997 to august 2007, based on the top five journals accordingly to the journal of Citation Report 2006 in the business and management categories simultaneously. The results point to a retraction in publications about strategic alliances and a significant growth in the area of strategic. networks. The joint view of strategic alliances and networks, cited by some authors a the evolutionary path of study, still did not appear salient. The most cited topics found in the alliance literature are the governance structure, cooperation, knowledge transfer, culture, control, trust, alliance formation,,previous experience, resources, competition and partner selection. The theme network focuses mainly on structure, knowledge transfer and social network, while the joint vision is highly concentrated in: the subjects of alliance formation and the governance choice.

Residential high-rise buildings in S��o Paulo: aspects related to the adequacy to the occupant`s needs

This paper analyzes the production of apartment buildings for the middle-income segment in the city of So Paulo, Brazil, from a historical perspective. Tracing the response to the occupants` needs, the focus is on family profiles and their demands, the relationship between architectural design and marketing, and satisfaction levels of current users. The paper begins with a brief historical overview of how apartment buildings have evolved over the past eight decades, highlighting the consolidation of the tripartite model. Next, it analyzes family profiles and their current needs, which would call for a redesign of domestic space. From a different angle, it shows how the real-estate market reacts to this situation, namely by introducing minor changes in the domestic space that are closely linked to major investments in marketing. This leads to a discussion on the quality of recent architectural designs in light of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) case studies, which corroborate the tendencies previously outlined. The conclusions drawn from the POEs suggest that the market should establish a closer and deeper relationship between the assessment of the human behavior in the domestic space and the architectural quality of homes as a means of increasing satisfaction levels and improving design performance.

Information internalization and hurdle rates in small and medium enterprise internationalization

We investigate the role of information in the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Information internalization is fundamentally antecedent to SME internationalization and is being facilitated increasingly by recent important trends. We offer a conceptual explanation and related propositions on information internalization, emphasizing hurdle rate theory for ascertaining the acceptability of firms' internationalization projects.

Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts

Although aspects of social identity theory are familiar to organizational psychologists, its elaboration, through self-categorization theory, of how social categorization and prototype-based depersonalization actually produce social identity effects is less well known. We describe these processes, relate self-categorization theory to social identity theory, describe new theoretical developments in detail, and show how these developments can address a: range of organizational phenomena. We discuss cohesion and deviance, leadership, subgroup and sociodemographic structure, and mergers and acquisitions.

Choices associated with automobiles for Men and Women: convergence or divergence?

The increase of the women purchase power has led some companies to adopt strategies of products differentiation as well as to produce specific products to the female public. The auto industry is not immune to this phenomenon, once the women represent, approximately half of the automobile sales in the country. Considering the consumption and the behavior differences between women and men, it has set the following question: are there differences between the choices associated to the automobile by men and the choices associated to the automobile by women? It has been presented to the participants items found in the people`s day-by-day, which are valorized by them, and the participants have been asked to choose and associate these items to the automobile. The results analysis revealed there are more similarities than differences between choices associated to the automobile by men ad choices associated to the automobile by women. The similarity between the choices suggests that the representations, the meanings and values assigned. to the car by men ana women are similar and thus the strategy of product differentiation does not apply to the automotive industry

Impact of the Subprime Crisis in the Provision of Credit Risk of Major National Banks

Financial institutions are directly exposed to the credit risk, that is, the risk of the borrower not fulfill with their obligations, paying their debts in its stated periods established previously. The bank predict this type of risk, including them in their balance-sheets. In 2006/2007 there was the impact of a new financial crisis that spread around the world, known as the crisis of subprime. The objective of this study is to analyze if the provisions for credit risk or liquidation increased the sprouting of the crisis of subprime in ten major national banks, chosen accordant to their total assets. To answer this question, the balance-sheets of each one of these banks in the period of 2005 to 2007 were analyzed. This research is characterized, as for its objectives, as descriptive and as for the procedures as documentary research. It is also characterized as having a qualitative approach. The results show that the crisis of subprime has caused little impact in the credit risk provision of the analyzed institutions. It was noticed a slight increase in the provision indicators at the peak of the crisis in 2006. These percentages were reduced in, 2007, probably reflecting the economic stability of Brazil and the stagnation of the crisis Of subprime in that year, at least in relation to in our country.

Qualitative assessment of stock prices listed on the Sao Paulo stock exchange: An approach from the perspective of homogeneity analysis

The stock market suffers uncertain relations throughout the entire negotiation process, with different variables exerting direct and indirect influence on stock prices. This study focuses on the analysis of certain aspects that may influence these values offered by the capital market, based on the Brazil Index of the Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (Bovespa), which selects 100 stocks among the most traded on Bovespa in terms of number of trades and financial volume. The selected variables are characterized by the companies` activity area and the business volume in the month of data collection, i.e. April/2007. This article proposes an analysis that joins the accounting view of the stock price variables that can be influenced with the use of multivariate qualitative data analysis. Data were explored through Correspondence Analysis (Anacor) and Homogeneity Analysis (Homals). According to the research, the selected variables are associated with the values presented by the stocks, which become an internal control instrument and a decision-making tool when it comes to choosing investments.

Ethical preferences for influencing superiors: A 41-society study

With a 41-society sample of 9990 managers and professionals, we used hierarchical linear modeling to investigate the impact of both macro-level and micro-level predictors on subordinate influence ethics. While we found that both macro-level and micro-level predictors contributed to the model definition, we also found global agreement for a subordinate influence ethics hierarchy. Thus our findings provide evidence that developing a global model of subordinate ethics is possible, and should be based upon multiple criteria and multilevel variables. Journal of International Business Studies (2009) 40, 1022-1045. doi:10.1057/jibs.2008.109