Naming the Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n. sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tamoyidae)

A new species of cubozoan jellyfish has been discovered in shallow waters of Bonaire, Netherlands ( Dutch Caribbean). Thus far, approximately 50 sightings of the species, known commonly as the Bonaire banded box jelly, are recorded, and three specimens have been collected. Three physical encounters between humans and the species have been reported. Available evidence suggests that a serious sting is inflicted by this medusa. To increase awareness of the scientific disciplines of systematics and taxonomy, the public has been involved in naming this new species. The Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n. sp., can be distinguished from its close relatives T. haplonema from Brazil and T. sp. from the southeastern United States by differences in tentacle coloration, cnidome, and mitochondrial gene sequences. Tamoya ohboya n. sp. possesses striking dark brown to reddish-orange banded tentacles, nematocyst warts that densely cover the animal, and a deep stomach. We provide a detailed comparison of nematocyst data from Tamoya ohboya n. sp., T. haplonema from Brazil, and T. sp. from the Gulf of Mexico.

A comparative study of immigrants’ political participation in Sweden and the Netherlands

This study deals with immigrants’ political participation in Sweden and the Netherlands. Scholars have recognized low level of political participation of immigrants in Sweden compared to the Netherlands. The main goal of this study is to analyze the institutional influence, mainly from political parties over immigrants’ motivation for active electoral participation. The modified actor-context model uses here as the main theoretical framework. In addition, social capital theory employs to analyze immigrants’ voluntary organizational membership. This study confirms that, Swedish immigrants have the lower participation rate in the political sphere, at lest to a certain extent, than its counterparts the Dutch immigrants. This study also confirms the argument that contextual factors can influence actor’s motivations in integration-oriented action, and similarly it validates the necessity of enlargement of the actor-context model.

Asymmetrical awnings : a way to increase daylight in buildings without increasing the overheating

Different shapes of asymmetric awnings for east and west windows are investigated mathematically as well as by measurement in a model. A box with 90 cm side and a 30x30 cm window was placed outdoor in overcast weather and the daylight factor was measured at the bottom of the box when the window was unshaded or equipped with different awnings. The average daylight factor in the box decreased from 4.6% for the unshaded window to 1.0% when a full awning was used. With “the best” asymmetrical awning, the average daylight factor was 80% larger than with the full awing. Using Dutch climate, calculation of the energy from direct radiation transmitted through the window during the cooling season showed that this was decreased from 100% as an annual mean for the unshaded window down 22% with a full awing. With “the best” asymmetrical awning, 26% of the energy was transmitted. Calculation of the indoor temperature in a hypothetical row house in Netherlands show that the use of either normal or asymmetrical awnings considerable decrease the indoor temperature during the hot season. Therefore the use of asymmetrical awnings for east or west faced windows considerable can increase the daylight in buildings, with almost no change in overheating, compared to if traditional awnings are used.

Sarah Ida Levine Scrapbook

Sarah Ida Levine was born in 1872 and died on June 12, 1934. This scrapbook contains photographs, obituary, a story of Sarah's life by her great-great-granddaughter, scans of various documents, deeds, bills of sale, and also includes biographical information on Sarah's brother, Johnny "Dutch" Levine (1876[?] or 1881[?] - 1950), on their father "Tati" and his sister, Annie Henki Cook, on the Abraham Philip branch of the Levine family, on some Shiro family history, as well as some Wolman/Rosenthal/Saperstein history.

Model Prediction Control For Water Management Using Adaptive Prediction Accuracy

In the field of operational water management, Model Predictive Control (MPC) has gained popularity owing to its versatility and flexibility. The MPC controller, which takes predictions, time delay and uncertainties into account, can be designed for multi-objective management problems and for large-scale systems. Nonetheless, a critical obstacle, which needs to be overcome in MPC, is the large computational burden when a large-scale system is considered or a long prediction horizon is involved. In order to solve this problem, we use an adaptive prediction accuracy (APA) approach that can reduce the computational burden almost by half. The proposed MPC scheme with this scheme is tested on the northern Dutch water system, which comprises Lake IJssel, Lake Marker, the River IJssel and the North Sea Canal. The simulation results show that by using the MPC-APA scheme, the computational time can be reduced to a large extent and a flood protection problem over longer prediction horizons can be well solved.

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Making It Official: Colby and Kipp Charter Schools from partnership A Half Century of Jan Plan: A bold experiment in 1962, it remains a "defining characteristic" of Colby Author Uncovered: Raffael Scheck traces POW narrative to key African figure Q&A: Gregory White Smith '73 discusses challenges of Van Gogh: The Life, including the effort to get readers "inside [Van Gogh's] skin" and the disadvantages of not speaking Dutch Nation Builder: An important period in America's history, illuminated through the life of key but overlooked player Joseph Holt A Small-Town Tale, Affectionately Told Recent Releases Getting Centered, Finding Strength: Male athletes turn to yoga for a competitive edge Sports Shorts

Existe arbitragem entre a metalúrgica Gerdau e a Gerdau S.A.?

A principal contribuição deste trabalho consiste na descoberta de uma evidência, na bolsa de valores de São Paulo, muito semelhante ao caso da Royal Dutch/Shell analisado por Froot e Dabora (1999): após o lançamento das ADRs por parte da Gerdau S.A, o desconto da Metalúrgica Gerdau em relação à Gerdau S.A passou a ser fortemente correlacionado tanto com a NYSE, quanto com a Bovespa, mesmo na presença do efeito tributário. Em outras palavras, após este divisor de águas, o preço relativo das duas empresas passou a ser afetado pelo local aonde elas são relativamente mais transacionadas, independentemente dos seus fundamentos.

A tendência à sobreapreciação da taxa de câmbio

Nos países em desenvolvimento há uma tendência à sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio. Existem duas causas estruturais: a doença holandesa e a atração que altos lucros e taxas de juros nos países em desenvolvimento exercem sobre capitais externos, e quatro causas políticas: a política do crescimento com poupança externa, o controle da inflação através de uma “âncora”, cambial, a política de “aprofundamento de capital”, e o populismo cambial. O país deverá neutralizar esta tendência para poder ter um crescimento rápido, ou sofrerá crises cíclicas de balanço de pagamento

Política cambial e macroeconomia do desenvolvimento

Alguns autores têm chamado a atenção para a importância da administração cambial nos processos de desenvolvimento econômico no que vem sendo conhecido como um ¿development approach¿ para taxas de câmbio. O nível do câmbio real teria forte impacto na acumulação de capital na medida em que afetaria as trajetórias de consumo, investimento e poupança agregados de uma economia via definição do nível do salário real. O setor de bens comercializáveis não tradicional estimulado por um câmbio competitivo destacar-se-ia pelo seu dinamismo e potencial de inovações tecnológicas, contribuindo para aumentos de produtividade necessários ao processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Estímulos ao setor de exportações contribuiriam também para a redução da vulnerabilidade a crises externas. Inúmeros estudos têm destacado a ocorrência de crises no balanço de pagamentos por problemas de sobrevalorização cambial ou desalinhamento. Com o objetivo de contribuir para essa discussão, o trabalho a ser apresentado trata das relações existentes entre nível do câmbio real e o processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Tem como objetivo mais específico analisar a hipótese de que haveria uma relação negativa entre nível do câmbio real e taxas de crescimento per capita. Câmbios reais relativamente desvalorizados seriam benéficos para processos de desenvolvimento econômico enquanto que níveis excessivos de apreciação cambial seriam nocivos.

Impactos dos metais e do câmbio na indústria brasileira

Nos últimos anos, o aumento do preço dos metais vem sendo acompanhado por uma forte valorização do câmbio real dos principais exportadores deste tipo de produto, inclusive do câmbio real brasileiro. Com um câmbio real aparentemente valorizado e com um crescimento do PIB abaixo da média dos países em desenvolvimento, a política macroeconômica brasileira vem sofrendo fortes críticas sobre o patamar de sua moeda e sua conseqüência para a indústria brasileira. O objetivo destes trabalho é analisar a relação existente entre o preço das commodities metálicas e o câmbio real dos países, com destaque especial para o câmbio real brasileiro. Estabelecida esta relação examinaremos os impactos que o preço dos metais tem na indústria brasileira e nas exportações brasileiras, seja diretamente ou indiretamente via a valorização do câmbio real que será observada na primeira parte do trabalho. Os resultados nos revelam o que o aumento do preço dos metais foi realmetne relevante para a apreciação do câmbio nos países exportadores e também para o Brasil. Apesar de alguns setores sofrerem impactos no longo prazo, tanto diretos quanto através da apreciação cambial, do aumento do preço do metais, não há evidências suficientes do que se costuma chamar de Dutch Disease, que seria uma deterioração generalizada da indústria brasileira.

Exchange rate policies, patterns of specialization and economic development: theory and evidence in developing countries

The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, it intends to provide theoretical elements to analyze the relation between real exchange rates and economic development. Our main hypothesis is very much in line with the Dutch disease literature, and states that competitive currencies contribute to the existence and maintenance of the anufacturing sector in the economy. This, in turn, brings about higher growth rates in the long run, given the existence of increasing returns in the industrial sector, and its importance in generating echnological change and increasing productivity in the overall economy. The second objective of this paper is empirical. It intends to analyze examples of successful exchange rate policies, such as Chile and Indonesia in the eighties, as a benchmark for comparison with countries where currency overvaluation has taken place, such as Brazil. In the latter case, the local currency is being inflated by large capital inflows, due to high domestic interest rates and to a boom in demand and prices of commodities in the international markets. It will be argued that the industrial sector bears most of the burden when the currency appreciates, and that Brazil risks at deindustrialization if there are no changes in the exchange rate regime

Hybrid Auctions II: Experimental Evidence

In this paper we report the results of an experiment designed to examine the properties of a hybrid auction - a Dutch-Vickrey auction, that combines a sealed bid …rst-price auction with a sealed bid second-price auction. This auction mechanism shares some important features with that used in the sale of the companies constituted through the partial division of the Telebras System - the government-owned Telecom holding in Brazil. We designed an experiment where individuals participate in a sequence of independent …rst-price auctions followed by a sequence of hybrid auctions. Several conclusions emerged from this experimental study. First, ex-post e¢ciency was achieved overwhelmingly by the hybrid auctions. Secondly, although overbidding (with respect to the risk-neutral Bayesian Nash equilibrium) was a regular feature of participants’ bidding behavior in the …rst-price auctions — as it is commonly reported in most experimental studies of …rst-price auctions, it was less frequent in the hybrid auctions. By calibrating the results to allow for risk-averse behavior we were able to account for a signi…cant part of the overbidding. Finally, we compared the revenue generated by the hybrid auction with that generated by a standard …rst-price sealed bid auction and the results were ambiguous.

Macroeconomia estruturalista do desenvolvimento

Structuralist development macroeconomics. This paper presents some basic ideas and models of a structuralist development macroeconomics (the tendencies to the overvaluation of the exchange rate and the tendency of wages to grow below productivity, the critique of growth with foreign savings, and a new model of the Dutch disease) that complement and actualize the thought of the Latin-American structuralist school that developed around ECLAC from the late 1940s to the 1960s. On the other hand, it suggests that a new national development strategy based on the experience of fast growing Asian countries is emerging; and argues that only the countries that adopt such strategy based on growth with domestic savings, fiscal and foreign trade responsibility and a competitive exchange rate will be able to catch up.

A taxa de câmbio no centro da teoria do desenvolvimento

This paper presents the main ideas of structuralist development macroeconomics – the theory behind new developmentalism. Its focus is on the exchange rate that is positioned for the first time in the core of development economics. Economic theory usually views the exchange rate as a short term problem to be discussed in open macroeconomics. Structuralist development macroeconomics argues that there is in developing countries a tendency to the cyclical overvaluation of the exchange rate caused by the lack of neutralization of the Dutch disease and by excessive capital inflows. In consequence it views the exchange rate as chronically overvalued, and, for that reason, a major obstacle to economic growth. In the development process, the exchange rate has the role of light switch that connects or disconnects the national business enterprises utilizing technology in the world state of the art from world markets

Structuralist macroeconomics and new developmentalism

This paper, first, presents some basic ideas and models of a structuralist development macroeconomics that complements and actualizes the thought of structuralist development economics that was dominant between the 1940s and the 1960s including in the World Bank. The new approach focus on the relation between the exchange rate and economic growth, and develops three interrelated models: the tendency to the overvaluation of the exchange, the critique of growth with foreign savings, and a model of the Dutch disease based on the existence of two exchange rate equilibriums: the “current” and the “industrial” equilibrium. Second, it summarizes “new developmentalism” – a sum of growth policies based on these models and on the experience of fast growing Asian countries