"Going outside": discussing the connection between pedagogical practices with digital tools and outdoor learning in early childhood and primary education

Technology has an important role in children's lives and education. Based on several projects developed with ICT, both in Early Childhood Education (3-6 years old) and Primary Education (6-10 years old), since 1997, the authors argue that research and educational practices need to "go outside", addressing ways to connect technology with outdoor education. The experience with the projects and initiatives developed supported a conceptual framework, developed and discussed with several partners throughout the years and theoretically informed. Three main principles or axis have emerged: strengthening Children's Participation, promoting Critical Citizenship and establishing strong Connections to Pedagogy and Curriculum. In this paper, those axis will be presented and discussed in relation to the challenge posed by Outdoor Education to the way ICT in Early Childhood and Primary Education is understood, promoted and researched. The paper is exploratory, attempting to connect theoretical and conceptual contributions from Early Childhood Pedagogy with contributions from ICT in Education. The research-based knowledge available is still scarce, mostly based on studies developed with other purposes. The paper, therefore, focus the connections and interpellations between concepts established through the theoretical framework and draws on the almost 20 years of experience with large and small scale action-research projects of ICT in schools. The more recent one is already testing the conceptual framework by supporting children in non-formal contexts to explore vineyards and the cycle of wine production with several ICT tools. Approaching Outdoor Education as an arena where pedagogical and cultural dimensions influence decisions and practices, the paper tries to argue that the three axis are relevant in supporting a stronger connection between technology and the outdoor.

Preliminary report, Student Achievement and Vision Education (SAVE) proviso 55.5

During the 117th General Assembly of South Carolina, the Commission for Minority Affairs introduced the Student Achievement and Vision Education (SAVE) Proviso. The Proviso was so named to emphasize the importance of addressing student achievement by closing the gap that exists between majority and minority student performance and visioning students toward educational success through the implementation of the Education and Economic Development Act. This report documents the progress to date on the study; the impact of budget cuts on the CMA and complying agencies; the CMA's ability to complete the comprehensive study document using most current information; and the need for further study beyond February 2009.

National university`s students perspective of teachers and college education: their characteristic and classroom environment

This article presents the results of a research project in which the characteristics of university teachers and classroom environment were studied from the students´ perspectives. The study was based on a mixed design, this one attempts to develop a profile of the teachers, with the participation of students being trained in pedagogy majors. The results indicate that the students underline the importance of personality and psico-pedagogical characteristics in contrast with the theoretical findings, which point more towards professional characteristics.

Attention to Diversity from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Results from the Final Graduation Project from a Group of Students Majoring in Preschool Education and Special Education

Nowadays, the topic of diversity is being studied, particularly in the field of the formation of future educators, where it is clearly evident in each one of the students. In order to understand this concept and meet the challenges it demands, this investigation, through the experience of action research, looks for a real picture of how this diversity is served in Guanacaste’s rural contexts. This is accomplished by identifying those ways to guide a better teachers’ work, and by taking into account the educational planning and the participation of the different sectors involved in the process of teaching and learning.

Competencies Required in Education Research and Teaching Systematization according to Students from the Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education Programs of the University of Costa Rica

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of two online forums carried out with the participation of 42 students of the Licenciaturas  in Preschool Education, Primary Education and Secondary Education of the University of Costa Rica. The main purpose of the forums was to determine the insights of the participant students about the competencies they have achieved in the field of education research, and which have been the essential tools for them to systematize their own teaching practices. The discussion forums were part of the course FD5091 Métodos de Investigación Educativa [Education Research Methods] of the School of Teacher Education, delivered from March-April 2010.  Of the sample, 60 percent were students of the Preschool teaching program, 35 percent were from the Primary Education teaching program and 5 percent were from the Secondary Education teaching program in the fields of Science, Mathematics and Social Studies. According to the insights and beliefs showed by the participants –both, the future teachers and the profession practitioners–, there are no opportunities for research or systematization of their own teaching mediation, in the current work situation.(1) Translator’s Note: In Costa Rica, the “Licenciatura” is a one-year post-Bachelor study program, usually including thesis. “Primary Education” refers to students from the 1st to 6th grades, and “Secondary Education” refers to students from the 7th to 11th grades.

Continuing education of health professionals: The Open University of Brazil’s National Health System

Apresenta um panorama geral de cobertura da rede UNA-SUS pelo Brasil, mostrando as principais estatísticas obtidas pela UNA-SUS, como: dados de acesso e quantidade de recursos educacionais.

A criança com Síndrome de Asperger na educação infantil : um estudo de caso

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as ações pedagógicas constituídas por uma unidade municipal de ensino de Vitória/ES, visando ao processo de inclusão escolar de uma criança com Síndrome de Asperger no contexto da Educação Infantil. Contou com as contribuições teóricas dos estudos da matriz histórico-cultural e de autores dedicados a estudar a infância, como Kramer, Sarmento, Aries, dentre outros, bem como de pesquisadores interessados em investigar os pressupostos da Educação Especial em uma perspectiva inclusiva. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, apoiou-se no estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico que advoga pela possibilidade de, por meio da pesquisa científica, produzir conhecimento sobre a realidade social. O trabalho de pesquisa foi realizado em uma unidade municipal de Educação Infantil de Vitória/ES, envolvendo uma criança com Síndrome de Asperger, professores, pedagogos, dirigente escolar e responsável pelo estudante investigado. O processo de coleta de dados se efetivou no período de março de 2013 a setembro de 2013. O pesquisador esteve de uma a duas vezes por semana no campo de pesquisa, participando das observações em sala de aula, em espaços para planejamento e formação continuada e também observando momentos informais na entrada, recreio e saída dos alunos. Para a organização do estudo, trabalhou com quatro eixos: a) ações implementadas em favor do processo de inclusão escolar de alunos com Síndrome de Asperger no contexto da Educação Infantil; b) proposta pedagógica do CMEI “Alegria da Cinderela”: espaços de planejamento, formação e utilização dos apoios pedagógicos para a inclusão escolar; c) concepções dos profissionais envolvidos na pesquisa e da família sobre a inclusão escolar da criança com Síndrome de Asperger; d) principais possibilidades e/ou dificuldades encontradas pela unidade de ensino mediante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da criança com Síndrome de Asperger. Como resultados, a pesquisa aponta: a importância de pensar nessas crianças como sujeitos de direitos e capazes de aprender; a necessidade de investimentos na formação inicial e continuada de professores para que os estudantes tenham maiores possibilidades de aprender; a urgência de o professor assumir a inclusão escolar como um movimento ético comprometido com a formação e com o reconhecimento da diversidade/diferença humana; a necessidade de reconhecer o cotidiano da Educação Infantil como um rico espaço para todas as crianças se desenvolverem e produzirem conhecimentos com seus pares e por meio das mediações pedagógicas dos professores.

Redes de saberesfazeres, complexidade e tensões : os cotidianos do ensino médio de uma escola pública do Espírito Santo

A ciência com suas verdades passou a ser um artefato essencial nos cotidianos escolares. Esses saberes se enredam com outros saberes que despotencializados e silenciados, permanecem nos interstícios do discurso hegemônico da modernidade na escola causando tensões. Potencializar a ocorrência dessas redes nesses cotidianos pode intensificar essas tensões e assim abalar esse domínio da ciência. Os muitos caminhos possíveis de serem percorridos nas tessituras desprivilegiam quaisquer saberes e fazeres que se pretendem exclusivos. Assumindo a metáfora das redes, os praticantes da escola podem potencializar as inter-relações que ocorrem na vida. A remoção de instâncias de poder hierárquico de saberes, enredando-os e o compartilhamento solidário das práticasteoriaspráticas, não significa a diluição da autoridade. Agora a autoridade cumpre um novo papel que é de constituir uma rede de relações de autoridade partilhada. Desejamos perceber esses múltiplos sentidos e problematizar o quão potentes são ou não para a vida. Participamos juntamente com os alunos e alunas das aulas e posteriormente, os convidamos para conversasentrevistas, gravando e fotografando esses momentos. Percorremos, nos turnos matutino e noturno, todos os seus espaçostempos, nos conectando nas redes que se tecem. Optamos por estar nas turmas de ensino médio de formação geral e nas turmas de ensino médio na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos. As entrevistasconversas foram feitas com três alunos ao mesmo tempo, sempre de uma mesma turma, para que se estabelecesse uma conversa e para que a produção de sentidos dos cotidianos da escola pudesse ser mais potencializada. Dos alunos entrevistados, estão entre os seus desejos mais comuns para além dos saberes científicos, as atividades esportivas, artísticas, literárias, religiosas, cursos de formação profissional, dança, canto, campanhas educativas, passeios. As relações de amizade e outros modos relacionais como entre professores e alunos, têm sido citados com grande frequência, pelos estudantes, nas entrevistasconversas. Não tem se conseguido implantar na sua totalidade os preceitos da modernidade nos escola. Há, portanto, um visível esgotamento do monopólio do comportamento científico nos cotidianos da escola pública pesquisada. São nesses espaçostempos escolares nos quais pode se dar a experiência. Apesar do discurso moderno na escola produzir mecanismos que impedem a experiência, esse controle é acompanhado de diversos mecanismos de escapes. É pela “voz” dos alunos que se apresentam as ausências da escola. A “voz” dos estudantes é a grande presença na escola e sua grande potência. Talvez esse seja o maior desperdício no contexto educacional escolar.

Änderung des Therapieziels am Lebensende: Effekte einer Klinik-Leitlinie [Changing the treatment goal at the end of life: effects of a guideline at a hospital].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Deciding about treatment goals at the end of life is a frequent and difficult challenge to medical staff. As more health care institutions issue ethico-legal guidelines to their staff the effects of such a guideline should be investigated in a pilot project.¦PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Prospective evaluation study using the pre-post method. Physicians and nurses working in ten intensive care units of a university medical center in Germany answered a specially designed questionnaire before and one year after issuance of the guideline.¦RESULTS: 197 analyzable answers were obtained from the first (pre-guideline) and 251 from the second (post-guideline) survey (54 % and 58 % response rate, respectively). Initially the clinicians expressed their need for guidelines, advice on ethical problems, and continuing education. One year after introduction of the guideline one third of the clinicians was familiar with the guideline's content and another third was aware of its existence. 90% of those who knew the document welcomed it. Explanation of the legal aspects was seen as its most useful element. The pre- and post-guideline comparison demonstrated that uncertainty in decision making and fear of legal consequences were reduced, while knowledge of legal aspects and the value given to advance directives increased. The residents had derived the greatest benefit.¦CONCLUSION: By promoting the knowledge of legal aspects and ethical considerations, guidelines given to medical staff can lead to more certainty when making in end of life decision.

Nouveau programme de formation en médecine interne générale: implications pour les médecins de premier recours [The new postgraduate training program in general internal medicine: implications for the primary care physician].

The Swiss postgraduate training program in general internal medicine is now designed as a competency-based curriculum. In other words, by the end of their training, the residents should demonstrate a set of predefined competences. Many of those competences have to be learnt in outpatient settings. Thus, the primary care physicians have more than ever an important role to play in educating tomorrows doctors. A competency-based model of training requires a regular assessment of the residents. The mini-CEX (mini-Clinical Evaluation eXercise) is the assessment tool proposed by the Swiss institute for postgraduate and continuing education. The mini-CEX is based on the direct observation of the trainees performing a specific task, as well as on the ensuing feedback. This article aims at introducing our colleagues in charge of residents to the mini-CEX, which is a useful tool promoting the culture of feedback in medical education.

Issue review : Electrical Examining Board.

The Electrical Examining Board is responsible for overseeing the licensing, permitting, inspection and continuing education requirements of the statewide electrician and electrical contractor program in Iowa. This issue review provides a summary of the program and a review of the current situation.

Foot Health In Older People - Development of a preventive, evaluative instrument for nurses

Foot health is a part of overall health in every age group and its importance increases during ageing. Health care professionals are in a vital position for preventing foot health problems, and identifying and caring them in older people. Despite the rather high number of studies conducted in the field of foot health in older people, reliable and valid nurse-administered foot health assessment instruments seem to be lacking. By identifying foot health in older people, it is possible to develop nursing interventions to enhance safe, independent living at home. The purpose of this three-phase study was to develop an instrument to assess the level of foot health in older people and evaluate foot care practices from the perspective of older people themselves and nurses in home care. The ultimate goal is to prevent foot health problems by increasing the attention paid to older people’s feet and recognizing those foot health problems which need further care; thus not focus on different foot health problems. The study was conducted in different phases and contexts. In phase 1, a descriptive design with a literature review from the Medline (R) and CINAHL databases to explore foot health in older people and nurses’ role in foot health care and pre-post design intervention study in nursing home with nursing staff (n=16) and older residents (n=43) were conducted. In phase 2, a descriptive and explorative study design was employed to develop an instrument for assessing foot health in older people (N=651, n=309, response rate 47%) and explore the psychometrics of the instrument. The data were collected from sheltered housing and home care settings. Finally, in phase 3, descriptive and explorative as well as cross-sectional correlational survey designs were used to assess foot health and evaluate the foot self-care activities of older people (N=651, n=309, response rate 47%) and to describe foot care knowledge and caring activities of nurses (N=651, n=322, response rate 50%) in home care in Finland. To achieve this, the Foot Health Assessment Instrument (FHAI) developed in phase 2 was used; at the same time, this large sample also was used for the psychometric evaluation of the FHAI. The data analysis methods used in this study were content analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics including factor and multivariate analysis. Many long-term diseases can manifest in feet. Therefore, the FHAI, developed in this study consisted of items relating to skin and nail health, foot structure and foot pain. The FHAI demonstrated acceptable preliminary psychometric properties. A great deal of different foot health problems in older people were found of which edema, dry skin, thickened and discoloured toenails and hallux valgus were the most prevalent foot health problems. Moreover, many older people had difficulties in performing foot self-care. Nurses’ knowledge of foot care was insufficient and revealed a need for more information and continuing education in matters relating to foot care in older people. Instead, nurses’ foot care activities were mainly adequate, though the findings indicate the need for updating foot care activities to correspond with the evidence found in the field of foot care. Practical implications are presented for nursing practice, education and administration. In future, research should focus on developing interventions for older people and nurses to promote foot health in older people and to prevent foot health problems, as well as for further development of the FHAI.

Construction identitaire d'enseignantes de la danse en milieu scolaire : sphères de négociation, tensions et stratégies identitaires

Depuis 1981, les jeunes du primaire et secondaire sont sensibilisés à la danse par des enseignants qui l’offrent au sein du curriculum de la formation générale des jeunes. Les enseignants de la danse en milieu scolaire (EDMS) du Québec, bénéficient d’une formation universitaire à la fois disciplinaire, pédagogique et pratique qui développe leurs compétences tant artistiques que professionnelles. Au sein de cette formation initiale, commence le développement de l’identité professionnelle de l’enseignant (Lessard et Tardif, 2003) qui continue à se développer durant toute la carrière. Toutefois, la construction identitaire de l’EDMS n’a pas fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie car l’enseignement de la danse en milieu scolaire est une profession relativement nouvelle, non-traditionnelle et méconnue. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’une approche sociologique constructiviste, nous nous penchons sur les tensions et stratégies identitaires inhérentes aux trajectoires biographiques et aux représentations professionnelles de praticiens dans le but de mieux connaître qui ils sont. Nous cherchons à comprendre le sens qu’ils donnent, dans leur construction identitaire, à leur parcours de formation, à leur travail, à leurs relations dans le travail, aux savoirs, et aux institutions en élaborant les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec autrui ainsi que la perception de leurs rôles, statuts et fonctions artistiques et éducatifs. Un cadre conceptuel nous a permis de faire un portrait sociologique des sphères de négociations identitaires inhérentes à la construction de l’identité professionnelle grâce à l’analyse de la double transaction biographique et relationnelle, un concept de Dubar (1991). Les données de cette étude, recueillies auprès de dix-huit EDMS, proviennent d’un questionnaire sociodémographique ainsi que d’un questionnaire et d’entretiens sur leurs représentations professionnelles, leurs héritages et sur les incidents critiques de leurs trajectoires biographiques. L’analyse inductive des données par l’approche de théorisation ancrée, vérifiée par quinze participantes, a permis de dégager six sphères internes et externes de négociations identitaires communes à la construction de l’identité professionnelle d’EDMS : Devenir, Se réaliser, Se projeter, Faire sa place, Rencontrer l’autre et Agir. Ces sphères se présentent comme des espaces d’identification dans lesquelles l’EDMS construit son identité professionnelle en se positionnant par rapport aux identités héritées, acquises, prescrites, réelles et projetées. Cependant, les écarts entre les logiques opposées, les postures complémentaires et les rôles à jouer pour soi et pour autrui dans la pratique peuvent engendrer des tensions identitaires intrasubjectives et intersubjectives que nous avons identifiées. Pour réduire les écarts entre les représentations polaires et pour apaiser les zones d’incertitudes identitaires, l’EDMS mobilise des stratégies temporelles et spatiales. Neuf ont été relevées: conversion, conciliation, différenciation, implication multiple, maintien identitaire, défense, promotion, alternance des rôles et formation continue. Cette étude expose des façons d’EDMS de se définir pour soi et pour autrui qui permettent d’accéder aux référents identitaires des sphères par des exemples concrets issus des verbalisations de participantes sur le terrain. L’interprétation de nos résultats nous conduit à décrire six profils identitaires provisoires. Nos résultats offrent des retombées possibles en formation initiale et continue.

Liderazgo educativo: revisión de la situación actual

Este trabajo lleva a cabo una compilación del material escrito acerca del liderazgo educativo, sus implicaciones sociales, educativas y culturales. Así mismo identifica las corrientes que actualmente predominan en el liderazgo educativo como es el Liderazgo pedagógico y el liderazgo administrativo. También brinda un acercamiento a los esfuerzos y la situación actual del liderazgo educativo en Colombia, con el fin de determinar si existe en efecto y liderazgo educativo efectivo en nuestro país. Este trabajo se lleva a cabo recopilando la información de la situación actual y literatura de varios países y encontrando puntos en comuna lo largo de los mismos.