Hmx1 Function In Lateral Facial Development

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Déficit del procesamiento facial en los trastornos del espectro autista: ¿causa o consecuencia del impedimento social?

El autismo es un trastorno caracterizado por un funcionamiento cognitivo anormal principalmente en la comunicación y la interacción social. Aunque aun se sabe muy poco sobre la patología de los procesos subyacentes a este déficit, en distintos estudios se ha observado que el déficit social que presentan estos sujetos suele ir acompañado de dificultades en el procesamiento de rostros. Diferentes autores sugieren que la amígdala junto a otras estructuras cerebrales responsables del procesamiento facial y emocional estarían funcionando inadecuadamente en esta población y que existiría una estrecha relación entre los déficits en el comportamiento social y comunicacional y el procesamiento facial. Por este motivo, en el presente trabajo se pretende realizar una revisión de las manifestaciones clínicas que presentan distintos sujetos con diagnostico de autismo evaluados en diversos estudios científicos. Además, revisaremos los modelos teóricos que pretenden explicar el déficit del procesamiento facial y su relación con el inadecuado funcionamiento social y comunicacional de las personas autistas.

Competition-related factors directly influence preferences for facial cues of dominance in allies

Alliance formation is a critical dimension of social intelligence in political, social and biological systems. As some allies may provide greater ‘leverage’ than others during social conflict, the cognitive architecture that supports alliance formation in humans may be shaped by recent experience, for example in light of the outcomes of violent or non-violent forms intrasexual competition. Here we used experimental priming techniques to explore this issue. Consistent with our predictions, while men’s preference for dominant allies strengthened following losses (compared to victories) in violent intrasexual contests, women’s preferences for dominant allies weakened following losses (compared to victories) in violent intrasexual contests. Our findings suggest that while men may prefer dominant (i.e. masculine) allies following losses in violent confrontation in order to facilitate successful resource competition, women may ‘tend and befriend’ following this scenario and seek support from prosocial (i.e. feminine) allies and/or avoid the potential costs of dominant allies as long-term social partners. Moreover, they demonstrate facultative responses to signals related to dominance in allies, which may shape sex differences in sociality in light of recent experience and suggest that intrasexual selection has shaped social intelligence in humans.

Contributo do sistema integrado de comunicação e manipulação no desenvolvimento e aprendizagem de crianças com paralisia cerebral em contexto educativo/escolar

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação Especial – ramo de Problemas de Cognição e Multideficiência

institucionalização de pessoas com paralisia cerebral: a difícil relação sujeito - OUTRO - linguagem

Na Fonoaudiologia há trabalhos que exploram uma gama de questões relativas ao atendimento de pessoas com Paralisia Cerebral. Praticamente todos são orientados por vertentes organicistas ou sócio-cognitivas. A ausência de oralização, muito frequente em casos graves, talvez tenha um papel nesse caso: pesquisadores e profissionais concluem que se não há fala, a pessoa está fora da linguagem. Supõe-se a pessoa, contudo, capacidades perceptuais e cognitivas, mas não linguísticas. Sob esse raciocínio, a linguagem e seus efeitos sobre o sujeito são ignorados. É exceção neste quadro tradicional uma discussão que teorize de modo consistente sobre linguagem e sobre sujeito (Vasconcellos 1999 e 2010; Dudas 2009). Em outras palavras, são raríssimas as pesquisas que se distanciam do discurso organicista e do sujeito epistêmico. O presente artigo toma a direção da exceção mencionada para refletir sobre a institucionalização de pessoas com Paralisa Cerebral e sobre efeitos subjetivos e clínicos

Relación entre la proporción áurea y el parámetro facial de estudiantes de odontología en una universidad de la provincia de Chiclayo, 2014

El objetivo del presente estudio fue relacionar los componentes de la proporción áurea con el parámetro facial de estudiantes de odontología en una universidad de la provincia de Chiclayo, 2014. El diseño del estudio fue transversal, descriptivo y prospectivo. La población de estudio fue representada por 88 estudiantes de una Escuela de Odontología, se diseñó una ficha de recolección según las medidas antropométricas craneofaciales. Se capacitó y se evaluó la estabilidad de la concordancia intra e interexaminador de los investigadores gracias a la participación de un Especialista en Ortodoncia, a fin de lograr una estandarización en las mediciones, verificado mediante una prueba T para muestras pareadas. Se encontró que el 65.91% del total de pacientes presentaban proporción áurea en su dimensión externa, 48.86 % son braquifaciales, 13.64 % mesofaciales, 3.41 % dolicofaciales Se encontró que el 57.95% del total presentaban proporción aurea en su relación vertical, 42.05% son braquifaciales, 10.23 % mesofaciales y 5.68% dolicofaciales. En cuanto al perfil armónico, el 70.45% del total de pacientes no presentan proporción áurea, de los cuales el 53.41% son braquifaciales, 10.23 % son mesofaciales y 6.82% son dolicofaciales. Para el contraste de la hipótesis se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación Chi cuadrado. Para todas las pruebas estadísticas el nivel de significancia fue de <5% (p<0,05) con un 95% de nivel de confiabilidad. Se concluyó que sólo existe relación significativa entre el componente dimensión externa de la proporción áurea y el parámetro facial de los estudiantes de odontología en una universidad de la provincia de Chiclayo.

Paralisia periódica hipocaliémica: uma causa rara de tetraparésia em europeus

A paralisia periódica hipocaliémica é uma complicação neurológica do hipertiroidismo, especialmente na doença de Graves, rara em não asiáticos. Caracteriza-se por episódios auto-limitados recorrentes de fraqueza muscular que afecta sobretudo os músculos proximais dos membros inferiores. Acompanha-se de hipocaliémia, potencialmente grave. Apresenta-se o caso de um doente de 39 anos, caucasiano, com doença de Graves, medicado com carbimazol. Durante 3 meses, teve episódios recorrentes de tetraparésia de predomínio proximal, de curta duração, que surgiam após períodos de repouso, motivo pelo qual foi internado. Por manter episódios de agravamento da tetraparésia, associados a hipocaliémia e hipomagnesiémia, e por, laboratorialmente, apresentar hipertiroidismo, admitiu-se a hipótese de paralisia periódica hipocaliémica e iniciou terapêutica com tiamazol, corticoterapia, propranolol e reposição iónica, verificando-se melhoria progressiva. O caso exposto é um exemplo de uma situação incomum, em que a suspeita clínica é fundamental, porque o diagnóstico pode ser difícil. A terapêutica precoce do hipertiroidismo é imprescindível.

Three dimensional study to quantify the relationship between facial hard and soft tissue movement as a result of orthognathic surgery

Introduction Prediction of soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery has been frequently attempted in the past decades. It has gradually progressed from the classic “cut and paste” of photographs to the computer assisted 2D surgical prediction planning; and finally, comprehensive 3D surgical planning was introduced to help surgeons and patients to decide on the magnitude and direction of surgical movements as well as the type of surgery to be considered for the correction of facial dysmorphology. A wealth of experience was gained and numerous published literature is available which has augmented the knowledge of facial soft tissue behaviour and helped to improve the ability to closely simulate facial changes following orthognathic surgery. This was particularly noticed following the introduction of the three dimensional imaging into the medical research and clinical applications. Several approaches have been considered to mathematically predict soft tissue changes in three dimensions, following orthognathic surgery. The most common are the Finite element model and Mass tensor Model. These were developed into software packages which are currently used in clinical practice. In general, these methods produce an acceptable level of prediction accuracy of soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery. Studies, however, have shown a limited prediction accuracy at specific regions of the face, in particular the areas around the lips. Aims The aim of this project is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of hard and soft tissue changes following orthognathic surgery and introduce a new method for prediction of facial soft tissue changes.   Methodology The study was carried out on the pre- and post-operative CBCT images of 100 patients who received their orthognathic surgery treatment at Glasgow dental hospital and school, Glasgow, UK. Three groups of patients were included in the analysis; patients who underwent Le Fort I maxillary advancement surgery; bilateral sagittal split mandibular advancement surgery or bimaxillary advancement surgery. A generic facial mesh was used to standardise the information obtained from individual patient’s facial image and Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to interpolate the correlations between the skeletal surgical displacement and the resultant soft tissue changes. The identified relationship between hard tissue and soft tissue was then applied on a new set of preoperative 3D facial images and the predicted results were compared to the actual surgical changes measured from their post-operative 3D facial images. A set of validation studies was conducted. To include: • Comparison between voxel based registration and surface registration to analyse changes following orthognathic surgery. The results showed there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. Voxel based registration, however, showed more reliability as it preserved the link between the soft tissue and skeletal structures of the face during the image registration process. Accordingly, voxel based registration was the method of choice for superimposition of the pre- and post-operative images. The result of this study was published in a refereed journal. • Direct DICOM slice landmarking; a novel technique to quantify the direction and magnitude of skeletal surgical movements. This method represents a new approach to quantify maxillary and mandibular surgical displacement in three dimensions. The technique includes measuring the distance of corresponding landmarks digitized directly on DICOM image slices in relation to three dimensional reference planes. The accuracy of the measurements was assessed against a set of “gold standard” measurements extracted from simulated model surgery. The results confirmed the accuracy of the method within 0.34mm. Therefore, the method was applied in this study. The results of this validation were published in a peer refereed journal. • The use of a generic mesh to assess soft tissue changes using stereophotogrammetry. The generic facial mesh played a major role in the soft tissue dense correspondence analysis. The conformed generic mesh represented the geometrical information of the individual’s facial mesh on which it was conformed (elastically deformed). Therefore, the accuracy of generic mesh conformation is essential to guarantee an accurate replica of the individual facial characteristics. The results showed an acceptable overall mean error of the conformation of generic mesh 1 mm. The results of this study were accepted for publication in peer refereed scientific journal. Skeletal tissue analysis was performed using the validated “Direct DICOM slices landmarking method” while soft tissue analysis was performed using Dense correspondence analysis. The analysis of soft tissue was novel and produced a comprehensive description of facial changes in response to orthognathic surgery. The results were accepted for publication in a refereed scientific Journal. The main soft tissue changes associated with Le Fort I were advancement at the midface region combined with widening of the paranasal, upper lip and nostrils. Minor changes were noticed at the tip of the nose and oral commissures. The main soft tissue changes associated with mandibular advancement surgery were advancement and downward displacement of the chin and lower lip regions, limited widening of the lower lip and slight reversion of the lower lip vermilion combined with minimal backward displacement of the upper lip were recorded. Minimal changes were observed on the oral commissures. The main soft tissue changes associated with bimaxillary advancement surgery were generalized advancement of the middle and lower thirds of the face combined with widening of the paranasal, upper lip and nostrils regions. In Le Fort I cases, the correlation between the changes of the facial soft tissue and the skeletal surgical movements was assessed using PCA. A statistical method known as ’Leave one out cross validation’ was applied on the 30 cases which had Le Fort I osteotomy surgical procedure to effectively utilize the data for the prediction algorithm. The prediction accuracy of soft tissue changes showed a mean error ranging between (0.0006mm±0.582) at the nose region to (-0.0316mm±2.1996) at the various facial regions.

As respostas sociais para o estudante do ensino superior com paralisia cerebral

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção do grau de mestre em intervenção comunitária, especialização em contextos de risco

Facial Oedema Is Not Always Angioedema: A Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum with Subcutaneous Emphysema during COPD Exacerbation

We report a case of acute facial oedema in an elderly hospitalized patient which was initially misdiagnosed as angioedema secondary to antibiotics in a patient with an allergic diathesis. We describe the differential aetiologies and then the true cause of the oedema, which was an uncommon complication of a very common condition in the elderly: a pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema probably due to rupture of an emphysematous lung bulla during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. Lastly, we focus on the therapeutic procedures instituted for the treatment of the pneumomediastinum.

Deformidade em supinação na paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial - Resultados do procedimento de Zancolli

Objetivo: a deformidade em supinação por paralisia obstétrica do plexo braquial (POPB) é atualmente rara e resulta de um desequilíbrio muscular entre pronadores e supinadores. A deformidade é progressiva e disfuncional e, quando a redução passiva é possível, o redireccionamento lateral do tendão distal do bíceps está indicado. Na deformidade fixa do antebraço a membrana interóssea deve ser libertada. Este estudo avalia os resultados do procedimento de Zancolli em doentes com POPB.

Sim! Tenho paralisia cerebral - um estudo de caso

Relatório de Investigação apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º CEB.

Todos os sentidos no coração: Estudo de caso de intervenção precoce em criança com paralisia cerebral

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica conforme

Envolvimento dos pais da criança com paralisia cerebral na intervenção terapêutica

Dissertação de mest. em Psicologia da Educação na especialidade Necessidades Educativas Especiais, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Escola Superior de Educação, Univ. do Algarve, 2002

Discrepância posterior e sua relação com o padrão de crescimento facial hiperdivergente

Poster apresentado na XXVII Reunião Científica Anual da SPODF. Figueira da Foz, 23-25 Abril 2015