Avaliação da aplicação eficiente dos recursos do FUMCAD como instrumento da política pública : estudo de caso do fundo municipal da criança e do adolescente de São Paulo

A avaliação da eficiência da aplicação de recursos públicos vai muito além da simples análise da legalidade, probidade e presteza dos procedimentos administrativos. Está relacionada também à qualidade dos serviços prestados diante do investimento realizado e dos resultados pretendidos. O presente estudo analisa a aplicação dos recursos do Fundo Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente de São Paulo (FUMCAD-SP), com o objetivo de oferecer à Secretaria Municipal de Direitos Humanos e Cidadania reflexões sobre as práticas de gestão que impactam diretamente na qualidade dos investimentos realizados, bem como na capacidade de avaliar investimentos perante os desafios colocados pelas políticas de atenção a crianças e adolescentes e recomendações aos gestores do fundo, visando a qualificação dos instrumentos de planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação dos projetos financiados, sob a perspectiva do FUMCAD-SP como instrumento da política pública de crianças e adolescentes. Para isso, foram analisados dados e informações – os quais compreenderam o período de 2005 a 2015, com significativas diferenças na qualidade de sua sistematização ao longo do período – referentes às práticas de gestão administrativa e governança do fundo, assim como seus instrumentos de planejamento, monitoramento e avaliação. A proposta também abarcou entrevistas com os principais atores dos órgãos envolvidos na gestão do fundo, visando identificar informações qualitativas que pudessem qualificar as recomendações que serão apresentadas neste estudo.

Reflexões sobre a interação entre estado e sociedade civil na política de criança e adolescente no município de São Paulo

A Constituição de 1988 trouxe em seu espírito e texto a participação social na elaboração e implementação de políticas públicas. Entretanto, a realização desse espírito não acontece sem que emerjam diferentes conflitos entre Estado e sociedade civil nos processos de tomada de decisão. Os conselhos de direitos, como o Conselho Municipal dos Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes de São Paulo, e os conselhos de políticas sociais são o locus privilegiado da interação da sociedade civil e do Poder Público na definição e no controle das políticas públicas. Ainda, as parcerias entre Estado e organizações da sociedade civil perdem oportunidade e potência por responderem também a essa lógica deficiente da participação social. Isso é o que nos mostra a experiência do Fundo Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente de São Paulo.

Regulação e concorrência intramodal no transporte ferroviário de carga sob a perspectiva comparada Brasil-Alemanha

A concorrência intramodal é uma forma de mitigação dos problemas derivados de um monopólio natural. Os setores assim estruturados caracterizam-se por elevados custos fixo e a fundo perdido, com grandes economias de escala e necessidade de elevada escala mínima de eficiência para viabilização da atividade. Essas circunstâncias impedem que a concorrência, em seu sentido mais óbvio, seja ali instaurada. Esse é o caso do setor ferroviário, onde se verifica a inviabilidade econômica de duplicação da infraestrutura. Entretanto, a depender da política regulatória adotada pelo Estado, um ambiente mais competitivo pode ser instaurado. O trabalho propõe uma análise comparada entre o modelo regulatório implementado na Alemanha, a partir das reformas ferroviárias propostas pela União Europeia, buscando extrair da experiência estrangeira aprendizados quanto aos dilemas enfrentados e características desejadas ao modelo institucional brasileiro para as novas concessões ferroviárias nacionais previstas no Plano Nacional de Investimento em Logística (PIL). O objetivo da análise consiste em verificar qual foi o modelo regulatório aplicado pela Alemanha para garantir parâmetros satisfatórios de concorrência intramodal e o modelo proposto pelo Governo Federal, com o objetivo de incentivar a ampliação do uso desse modal na cadeia logística brasileira, assim como aumentar a densidade da malha. Para permitir uma efetiva comparação dos modelos, faz-se necessário proceder preliminarmente a um breve entendimento sobre os arranjos regulatórios existentes que objetivam garantir o acesso à malha ferroviária: o tráfego mútuo, o direito de passagem e as formas de unbundling. A hipótese de investigação consiste em observar que as mudanças na regulação setorial que estão sendo consideradas pelo governo brasileiro se distanciam tanto do modelo que foi utilizado para a desestatização do setor, nos anos 90, quanto da experiência alemã de unbundling.

Cartão de residente municipal: instrumento para aprimoramento da gestão no município: o caso de Louveira, SP

Para implementar políticas públicas nos municípios, um dos problemas é a ausência de dados que informem a realidade da situação local, o que evidencia o benefício e a necessidade dos instrumentos de tecnologia de informação para maior eficiência e eficácia na gestão pública. No município de Louveira, analisou-se o caso específico da implantação de uma ferramenta da tecnologia de informação que é utilizado por toda a prefeitura, denominado no local como Cartão Cidadão, que visa documentar o acesso e utilização dos serviços públicos municipais, porém no estudo do caso foi realizado um corte para averiguar o instrumento como estratégia de gestão para aprimorar o planejamento no município, mais precisamente na área da saúde. A gestão do sistema do Cartão Cidadão aliado aos registros em prontuário eletrônico de saúde deram maior confiabilidade ao banco de dados da saúde municipal, possibilitando averiguar e traçar estratégia definida para a gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) local, assim como permitiu melhor averiguação dos desvios do sistema. Finalmente, apresentamos questionamentos sobre o sistema SUS frente a municipalização e ainda sobre e a questões do pacto de saúde e do próprio pacto federativo brasileiro.

Sistemas de gestão para resultados no setor público: intersecções entre política, governança e desempenho nas prefeituras de Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo

A gestão para resultados (GpR) tem adquirido importância crescente nos municípios brasileiros, assumindo diferentes funções no interior das organizações públicas. No entanto, implementação de sistemas de GpR no setor público pode vir acompanhada de novos problemas oriundos da complexidade da mensuração de resultados em ambientes expostos ao escrutínio social e político. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de forma crítica os sistemas de GpR implantados nas prefeituras de Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, visando a estabelecer, com base na teoria, conexões entre as diferentes funções exercidas pelos sistemas de GpR e as disfunções vivenciadas pelos gestores públicos no cotidiano. Para tanto, foram mapeadas, com base na teoria, as diferentes funções desempenhadas pelos sistemas de GpR e separadas em três macrocategorias: desempenho, governança e política. A partir dessa categorização, foram delimitadas as possíveis disfunções da GpR relacionadas com as intersecções dessas diferentes macrocategorias. Com base nas categorias teóricas estabelecidas, foram coletados dados sobre a GpR nas duas prefeituras, com destaque para a entrevista de 12 gestores e 3 representantes da sociedade civil. Os achados de pesquisa permitiram demonstrar que a Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro implementou um sistema de GpR voltado principalmente para a melhoria do desempenho, ao passo que São Paulo focou nas funções relacionadas à macrocategoria da governança. Em relação às disfunções, o Rio de Janeiro apresentou indícios de definição tecnocrátia das metas e gaming interno, ao passo que a Prefeitura de São Paulo esteve marcada por gaming externo, miopia e lock-in. Os resultados permitiram identificar ainda outras variáveis relevantes para o estudo das disfunções da GpR, como a cultura política, o envolvimento do prefeito no sistema, a entrada na agenda do tema da GpR, o grau de institucionalização do sistema de GpR. Os resultados demonstram que as diferentes funções assumidas por esses sistemas estão correlacionadas com as disfunções. O capítulo final explora essas possibilidades de correlações.

Coordenação e governança no Programa Territórios da Cidadania: uma análise multi-level a partir do Vale do Ribeira-SP

Poverty in Brazil has been gradually reduced. Among the main reasons, there are public policies for universalization of rights. On the other hand, the municipalities' Human Development Index indicates scenarios of growing inequality. In other words, some regions, basically of rural character, were left behind in that process of development. In 2008, the “Territórios da Cidadania” (Territories of Citizenship) Program was launched by the federal government, under high expectations. It was proposed to develop those regions and to prioritize the arrival of ongoing federal public policies where they were most demanded. The program has shown an innovative arrangement which included dozens of ministries and other federal agencies, state governments, municipalities and collegialities to the palliative management and control of the territory. In this structure, both new and existing jurisdictions came to support the program coordination. This arrangement was classified as an example of multi-level governance, whose theory has been an efficient instrument to understand the intra- and intergovernmental relations under which the program took place. The program lasted only three years. In Vale do Ribeira Territory – SP, few community leaderships acknowledge it, although not having further information about its actions and effects. Against this background, the approach of this research aims to study the program coordination and governance structure (from Vale Territory, considered as the most local level, until the federal government), based on the hypothesis that, beyond the local contingencies in Vale do Ribeira, the layout and implementation of the Territories of Citizenship Program as they were formulated possess fundamental structural issues that hinder its goals of reducing poverty and inequality through promoting the development of the territory. Complementing the research, its specific goal was to raise the program layout and background in order to understand how the relations, predicted or not in its structure, were formulated and how they were developed, with special attention to Vale do Ribeira-SP. Generally speaking, it was concluded that the coordination and governance arrangement of the Territories of Citizenship Program failed for not having developed qualified solutions to deal with the challenges of the federalist Brazilian structure, party politics, sectorized public actions, or even the territory contingencies and specificities. The complexity of the program, the poverty problem proposed to be faced, and the territorial strategy of development charged a high cost of coordination, which was not accomplished by the proposal of centralization in the federal government with internal decentralization of the coordination. As the presidency changed in 2011, the program could not present results that were able to justify the arguments for its continuation, therefore it was paralyzed, lost its priority status, and the resources previously invested were redirected.

Jovens terena na cidade de Campo Grande (MS) Política e geração

Research with indigenous in urban context are gaining steam in recent years, particularly with the intensification of migration resulting from problems such as lack of land for subsistence. However, in relation to Terena, subjects in this study, the contemporary anthropological research aimed at residents in cities still are not privileged, especially to youth. Thus, the dissertation has as main objective the discussion around some axes, among them indigenous youth Terena ethnicity politics, - indigenous movement - and racism. These themes appeared during fieldwork where privileged six trajectories of young Terena who migrated to Campo Grande (MS) and have different ways to mean the city and experiencing everyday life

Caminhos que estruturam cidades: redes técnicas de transporte sobre trilhos e a conformação intra-urbana de Natal

The railroad, from 1870 and on, becomes an usual complaining in the press s and politician elite s speeches, especially because of Natal s geographic isolation. The implantation of two railroads in the capital territory Estrada de Ferro de Natal a Nova Cruz, afterwards part of Great Western Railway Company network, and Estrada de Ferro Central do Rio Grande do Norte had serious implications in the urban environment. While railroad s structures were already consolidated, other transportation mechanisms were being implanted in the first decades of the 20th century, such as trams lines, which, by the way, was a transport modal that also used rails as a dislocation meaning. Considering these questions, we may ask: how come railroads and tramways demands, roads and buildings had influenced the internal organization of Natal? We work with the general hypothesis that the influence of technical networks, composed by tramways and railroads, over Natal s urban space happened in a diversified way, sometimes consolidating social aspects in certain areas, sometimes improving the occupation of others. The impact over the city s territory also happens in a diversified way between the buildings/railroad s complexes and the pathways. The different scale of the train in comparison to the trams velocity, size, noise level, flow, among others is also a cause to the different consequences in urban environment. The main objective of this work is to understand the role of circulation technical networks in the construction process of urban space in Natal, as a way to contribute to the urban historiography about the subject. The time frame adopted, between 1881 and 1937, marks the time path of railroads and tramways in Rio Grande do Norte: 1881 is the year of railroad s first section inauguration from Natal to São José do Mipibu as well of the railroad complex in the Republic Square in Natal; the year of 1937 marks the beginning of tramways declination process in the city. At this time railroads and tramways had to face more intensively the competition of motor vehicles. The theory reference adopted is based on concepts and analysis of authors, such as Flávio Villaça and Roberto Lobato Corrêa references to the concepts of urban structure , localization and accessibility and Gabriel Dupuy to explain the concept of urban technical networks . These references reveal the conflict of different realities in the urban universe interests and values which is an important factor about the construction of urban space. The information sources used were from two distinctive natures: primary, journals of the time studied and official government reports, and secondary, based on other works about the subject. It was also used by this study iconographic source, especially images from the data base of the research group História da Cidade, do Território e do Urbanismo .

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Dos caminhos de água aos caminhos de ferro: a construção da hegemonia de Natal através das vias de transporte (1820-1920)

At a time of changes on the territory during the 19th century, the political and socioeconomic elites of the province and later State of Rio Grande do Norte evolved a discourse in order to justify the permanence of Natal as a city holding a status of capital. In this work we analyze the means employed by the ruling classes to impose their wish to raise Natal to an outstanding position among the existing cities by intervening on the territory during a period of one hundred years (1820-1920). During that time, which was characterized by changing commercial flows and technological development, the elites interventions were essentially directed to the implementation of modes of transportation, especially the railway. We try to understand the reinforcement of Natal as a capital city not only in political and administrative terms, but mainly in a commercial and symbolic manner, through the discourse and interventions undertaken by the local administrative elites, who stimulated the creation of a set of relations on the territory that also imprinted visible marks in the capital s urban fabric. These interventions were based upon the establishment of an infrastructure for exporting the State s production, firstly through and despite the Potengi River, and later on by the construction of railways. Although the project of Natal s hegemony had been outlined before the establishment of the railway network, in both cases the ultimate objective was to reinforce and develop the capital city as a commercial urban center to the detriment of other cities

Quem tem direito à moradia? :uma análise da política nacional de habitação e dos programas de habitação de interesse social (2003-2005)

This dissertation analyses the Brazilian housing policy of today s, focusing on the programmes in the socalled Social Interest Housing Subsystem in order to discuss to what extent the government has been able to grant housing constitutional rights in the country. The discussion is about housing policy and the principles in the country s Constitution regarding the role of housing as a social right, a right that must be granted by the state. This refers to land rent theory to understand the relationship between capital and property and the reasons why, under capitalism, housing becomes a commodity in the market. Then, it discusses the national housing policy, which emphasizes land ownership through financing, that is, via market, a process that excludes all low income population. In the conclusion, it is clear that, although government programmes cover extensively at least potentially the national territory as well as social group, subsidized housing programmes cannot be implemented in the city due to land prices because subsidy is too low. In this way, the law that grants housing rights to all Brazilian citizens is violated

Gestão de centros históricos: uma avaliação da política de requalificação urbana de Natal/RN

From the second half of the century XX, in many Brazilian cities, the "historic centers" stop being the most densely populated areas of the city, accumulate degradation of the built environment and its functions have physical, social and economic resignified when also intensified interventions in these same centers Historic focused its redevelopment. This work aims to reflect on the experience of urban regeneration in the historic center of Natal, addressing the strategies adopted in the implementation of public policies and how these improve the effectiveness of actions, processes and outcomes for which turn the management of the historic center in question. In Natal, is identified in the neighborhoods of the Upper Town and Ribeira, the historic city center, a large distortion of their ancient architectural complex, the use of sub-urban infrastructure and emptying in the evenings and weekends. Shares redevelopment of the historic center of Natal are considered late, it is only recently that these neighborhoods were objects of policies and projects generally aimed at enhancing the cultural attraction of the area, and not always, it can be said that they have relevance in development process of the city. Added to this, there is the slowness of the interventions, although the zoning as an area of historic preservation has been done for over two decade. In Natal, the ideas of sustainable development articulated a proposed redevelopment of its historic center is still far from being achieved, but on the other hand, the latest phase of implementation of plans and projects in the area, indicating the intention to transform practical experience in the formulations and proposals in relation to these ideals

O princípio constitucional da redução das desigualdades regionais e o transporte de gás natural

In a country of continental dimensions as Brazil, one of the top challenges to its economic growth is the logistic related to energetical demand supply. We live now in the era of environmental protection and, in this new context of priorizations, it passes trough the search for alternative energies for the energetic matrix, due the petroleum elevated costs in the global market (and its finitude), but also due its pollution over the environment. This attempt of substitution needs solutions related to the national reality, into a national long term developing plan and based at a juridical-economic analysis of its realization. This study will look for, also based in an economical analysis, the juridical legitimity of choosing natural gas as the new protagonist of national economic growth (as a substitute of petroleum) and the necessary boost that must be done by law, based on an economic policy focused strictly for that fact, as a modifying agent of this reality. This study, therefore, will always be turned to a constitutional aspect, respecting the principles of economic order and the goal of reducing regional inequalities, which must influence the making off of a developing plan. At the end, it will try to demonstrate the juridical viability of such undertaking, tuned in jus-economical criteria. Another goal is related to the analysis of the natural gas industry, due the regulation of its transport has a major importance for national energetic integration, not only because this activity be characterized as a net industry, still under control of a natural monopoly, but also because the competitive or cooperative profile that should be priorized at the beginning of the economic planning for this activity (such as investment policies and its own rules that will submit private agents)