ORDENAMIENTO Y BALANCE ENERGETICO

No presenta resumen este articulo.

Open City, Rossellini and neorealism : sixty years on

For Bakhtin, it is always important to know from where one speaks. The place from which I speak is that of a person who grew up in Italy during the economic miracle (pre-1968) in a working class family, watching film matinees on television during school holidays. All sort of films and genres were shown: from film noir to westerns, to Jean Renoir's films, German expressionism, Italian neorealism and Italian comedy. Cinema has come to represent over time a sort of memory extension that supplements lived memory of events, and one which, especially, mediates the intersection of many cultural discourses. When later in life I moved to Australia and started teaching in film studies, my choice of a film that was emblematic of neorealism went naturally to Roma città aperta (Open city hereafter) by Roberto Rossellini (1945), and not to Paisan or Sciuscà or Bicycle Thieves. My choice was certainly grounded in my personal memory - especially those aspects transmitted to me by my parents, who lived through the war and maintained that Open City had truly made them cry. With a mother who voted for the Christian Democratic Party and a father who was a unionist, I thought that this was normal in Italian families and society. In the early 1960s, the Resistance still offered a narrative of suffering and redemption, shared by Catholics or Communists. This construction of psychological realism is what I believe Open City continues to offer in time.

Eye on the Street? Sensory Experience in Public Places

Research on the sensual experience of place is not a mainstream topic in the architectural debate; it is more common in other disciplines like landscape architecture or interior design. The curriculum sometime offers opportunities of cross-pollination between disciplines; students in architecture courses might be exposed to different theories of space more typical to other fields. This paper explore the teaching/research nexus within QUT Master of Architecture research stream; the focus of the discussion is students’ experimentation with people’s experience and navigation of the public space. Theories of placemaking in relation to urban design are first introduced; then the teaching/research nexus is discussed; finally students’ experience in approaching phenomenological research within the Master of Architecture are presented.

Improving the Walkability of Subtropical Urban Areas: a case study analysis for the development of a design process

This research develops a new framework to be used as a tool for analysing and designing walkable communities. The literature review recognises the work of other researchers combining their findings with the theory of activity nodes and considers how a framework may be used on a more global basis. The methodology develops a set of criteria through the analysis of noted successful case studies and this is then tested against an area with very low walking rates in Brisbane, Australia. Results of the study suggest that as well as the accepted criteria of connectivity, accessibility, safety, security, and path quality further criteria in the form or planning hierarchy, activity nodes and climate mitigation could be added to allow the framework to cover a broader context. Of particular note is the development of the nodal approach, which allows simple and effective analysis of existing conditions, and may also prove effective as a tool for planning and design of walkable communities.

The study of design elements and people’s behaviour in campus public space : how design shapes user’s behaviour

A growing body of researches provided evidence of the successful design in particular focus on design elements, ranging from colour, lighting, technology, landscape and spatial arrangement. However, no example or literature investigates the opportunities for linking these design elements in a practical base. Drawing upon existing architectural design theory, this paper investigates the relationship between design elements regards to public’s behavioural response to the public space. The aims of this paper are two-fold: first to examine whether there is a direct relationship between the two, and second to find out how the design elements could be coordinated together to influence not only the activities but also the environment, function and experience. To meet this objective, observation, behavioural mapping, interview and cognitive mapping methodologies are used. The present study involves two local case studies to find out the relationship between design elements in order to assist the design of a better public space for public activities. Correlation between the design elements shows that public activities is more likely to happen in relatively space with well balance of design. These finding provide a better understanding of public space design by gaining deeper perceptive between design and user’s behaviour, consequently improving social activities and interactions in public space. Moreover, it focuses on campus public areas which can be a vital aspect of university campus and play a valuable role in the overall success of public space design.

Life on the edge : the effects of building facade three dimensionality on public social behaviour

Links between the built environment and human behaviour have long been of interest to those involved in the fields of urban planning and architecture, but direct assessments of the links between the three-dimensional building façade form and human behaviour are rare. Much work has been completed on subjects’ responses to the aesthetic of architectural frontages but this has generally been conducted using two-dimensional images of structures and in no way assesses human responses when in the presence of these structures. This research has set about observing the behaviour of individuals and groups in the public realm and recording their reactions to architecture which has a distinct three-dimensional character, with particular reference to the street level façade. The behaviour was recorded and quantified and indicated that there is significant differences in human behaviour around these various types of architecture.

Sensuous geography : the role of sensuous experience and their contemporary implications in public squares, a Lefebvrian approach

This paper explores the sensuous relationship amongst people and the physical elements located in public squares. The research focuses on the study of sensuous geography and its social implications in contemporary city context. Case studies were drawn from various Western countries. A Lefebvrian approach was utilized to analyse the research findings. The study has generated a preliminary sensuous geography checklist for public squares that can predict the degree of popularity and experiential qualities of public squares. However, limits existed in the paper as sensory experiences are conditioned by individual, socio-cultural and climatic influences. The study suggests further integrated approach is needed in this field of study. The research findings indicated that better knowledge of sensuous geography is important in the design and planning disciplines.

La distruzione delle statue di Pausania nella Sparta tardoantica (Lib. Ep. 1518)

Abstract: The late antique destruction of two bronze statues of Pausanias - the Spartan general responsible for the Greek victory at the Battle of Plataea (479 BC) - housed in the temple of Athena Chalkioikos in Sparta (Lib. Ep. 1518), has been interpreted as one of the few cases of a violent conflict between pagan and Christian population in Greece. Nevertheless the sources suggest that late antique Sparta was a bastion of Hellenic paganism and give a picture of a small and quiet town ruled by a pagan educated élite, where pagans like Libanius wanted to live. Since there is no evidence of a violent conflict between pagans and Christians in Sparta, and Libanius confirms that in 365 AD all the temples and cult statues were still in place, this paper addresses the issue from a different point of view and offers a new contribution to the history of Sparta in Late Antiquity. By using literary, archaeological and epigraphic evidence the paper explores: 1) the relationship between Roman administration and Spartan élite in the IVth century AD; 2) the historical memory of Pausanias in Late Antiquity. It will be emphasized that the obscure burning of the two statues helped to remove from Sparta the memory of Pausanias - a controversial figure, misrepresented in Late Antiquity and connected to the ancient staseis in Laconia - in order to promote a positive image of Sparta as a city without conflicts and ruled by the political system of Lycurgus (eunomia). As documented by local inscriptions in praise of late Roman governors, the mythical lawgiver Lycurgus was the paradigm of the imperial governors who rebuilded the town in the IVth cent. AD. It can be assumed that while Rome, Constantinople, Antioch and Athens were troubled by political and religious violence or by seditions between different factions, Sparta aimed to revive its traditional model of civic order in the new historical context of Late Antiquity.

Una mirada al sector energético

"Producción de hidrocarburos con tendencia negativa. A un año de la estatización de YPF, la producción de hidrocarburos sigue mostrando tasas de variación negativas. Los problemas de políticas están afectando la rentabilidad del sector y con ello la inversión en exploración de nuevas áreas. Ante esta situación, el rubro de Combustibles y Energía arrojó un déficit de US$4.300 millones en Marzo 2013 (acumulado 12 meses), lo que equivale al 40% de superávit comercial del mismo período. Dicho en otras palabras, si no fuera por el déficit que está generando el sector energético, el superávit comercial sería superior en un 40%..."

O Direito Urbanístico e o controle da criminalidade no espaço urbano: as lições da Escola de Chicago a partir da experiência do Favela-Bairro na cidade do Rio de Janeiro

O planejamento urbano no Brasil passou por diversas fases de sua construção no estabelecimento do controle do espaço através dos instrumentos de regulamentação do uso do solo, mas marcado por intensa desigualdade, discriminação e exclusão social e de desconsideração das camadas menos favorecidas da população quando beneficiárias das melhorias sociais que a cidade pode oferecer. Esta tendência mudou quando na década de 1990, introduziram-se as premissas dos planos diretores e da inclusão e participação popular na formulação das políticas da cidade. O entendimento em questão busca contribuir para produção e adequação de instrumentos ou sugestões de instrumentos do direito urbanístico à construção de espaços urbanos públicos seguros baseados a princípio na busca das causas endógenas oriundas do próprio ambiente urbano, enfatizadas no presente trabalho por meio da ecologia humana e das causas exógenas fruto de características independentes do ambiente urbano, objeto de estudo das ciêcias criminais, por meio da contribuição da Escola de Chicago, através de seu ecologismo social, será procendente a análise das estatísticas que demonstram a distribuição da violência no espaço localizado das intervenções do programa favela-bairro e quais proposições podem ser formuladas no âmbito do planejamento urbano e do direito urbanístico e se podem contribuir para o combate ou controle da criminalidade.

Planning humanitarian projects with educational focus in Guinea rural areas

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Acção Humanitária, Cooperação e Desenvolvimento

Conocimientos y criterios para la evaluación de la calidad y concentración energética de los forrajes ensilados

El valor energético de los alimentos se determina mediante experimentos con animales pero que consumen gran cantidad de recursos económicos y humanos. La evaluación energética en la práctica rutinaria de laboratorio depende de la existencia de métodos de estimación basadas sobre parámetros químicos o valores de digestibilidad in vitro capaces de predecir adecuadamente la digestibilidad in vivo. El objetivo general fue generar conocimientos y criterios que mejoren la evaluación de la calidad de los forrajes ensilados y contribuir al desarrollo de ecuaciones de predicción de la digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS) y de la energía metabolizable (EM) de los forrajes ensilados, utilizando como método de referencia a la digestibilidad obtenida in vivo con ovinos. Las fracciones analíticas como (a) FDN(mo), LIG/FDA y almidón resultaron fundamentales para el desarrollo de las ecuaciones pero otras variables derivadas de la PG fueron necesarias para reducir la magnitud de los errores de la predicción. Las tasas de PG y los tiempos en que éstas ocurrieron fueron de mayor utilidad que las PGA (i.e. Tmax, µ50 y T50). Los parámetros de la cinética de PG de los residuos insolubles en agua y detergente neutro (i.e. RIA y RIDN) permitieron mejorar la precisión de la predicción de DMS y EM reduciendo los errores de los modelos hasta 21.3 g/kg MS y 0.10 Mcal/kg MS, respectivamente (i.e DMS=450 + 10.8*RIA(Tmax) + o.6*(Lig/FDA), R²(aj) =0.94; EM=2.97 - 0.022*RIA(T50 - 0.007*(FDA) + 0.008*(Lig/FDA), R²(aj) =0.89). Las ecuaciones para predecir DFDN presentaron pobres niveles de ajuste (i.e. RDS mayora 40 g/kg FDN). Sería necesario continuar explorando las razones de la variabilidad en los resultados obtenidos. La aplicación de las ecuaciones propuestas requiere la utilización de las fracciones analíticas en base seca corregida por liofilización así como la incubación de los ensilajes en fresco pero molidos con hielo seco.

Descriptions and validation of the names of some high-rank syntaxa in the European Asplenietea trichomanis and Polypodietea

The paper presents the description of one new order (Asplenietalia septentrionalo-cuneifolii) and two new alliances (Arenarion bertolonii and Physoplexido comosae- Saxifragion petraeae). In addition, the syntaxon Asplenietalia lanceolato-obovati is here formally raised to the order level and the name Hypno-Polypodietalia vulgaris is validated.

Nomenclature and syntaxonomic notes on some high-rank syntaxa of the European grassland vegetation

We present descriptions of a new order (Ranunculo cortusifolii-Geranietalia reuteri and of a new alliance (Stachyo lusitanicae-Cheirolophion sempervirentis) for the herbaceous fringe communities of Macaronesia and of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, respectively. A new alliance, the Polygalo mediterraneae-Bromion erecti (mesophilous post-cultural grasslands), was introduced for the Peninsular Italy. We further validate and typify the Armerietalia rumelicae (perennial grasslands supported by nutrient-poor on siliceous bedrocks at altitudes characterized by the submediterranean climate of central-southern Balkan Peninsula), the Securigero-Dasypyrion villosae (lawn and fallow-land tall-grass annual vegetation of Italy), and the Cirsio vallis-demoni-Nardion (acidophilous grasslands on siliceous substrates of the Southern Italy). Nomenclatural issues (validity, legitimacy, synonymy, formal corrections) have been discussed and clarified for the following names: Brachypodio-Brometalia, Bromo pannonici-Festucion csikhegyensis, Corynephoro-Plantaginion radicatae, Heleochloion, Hieracio-Plantaginion radicatae, Nardetea strictae, Nardetalia strictae, Nardo-Callunetea, Nardo-Galion saxatilis, Oligo-Bromion, Paspalo-Heleochloetalia, Plantagini-Corynephorion and Scorzoneret alia villosae. 

Society, theatre and Social Work: beauty will save us

Three different worlds, sometimes concentric and often intersecting —society, theatre and the art of performance— and social work. Diverse worlds that live, reflect and self-reflect and interact, and can also afford an opportunity for meeting, misunderstanding and confrontation, and above all offer the possibility of profound change.This article considers the experience of a theatre company that has spent more than three years moving at the limits of these three universes. To these three worlds can be added an infinite number of words that fill them with meaning and significance: territory, meeting, diversity and search. An artistic experience that has chosen to focus on creating scenarios for debate and to examine the difficulties, the human contradictions and the constant and inexhaustible confrontation with human experience. At the heart of this theatrical activity is all of this, seeking the balance between narration, meeting, investigation and the artistic dimension. This meeting between society, theatre and social work also contains the search for sustainability of this cultural business, in an Italy that has been destroyed by a crisis that is not merely economic, but also of values and, above all, of role models. The guiding theme, though not always made explicit, is always present and essential: the search for beauty.