DA INVISIBILIDADE AFRO-BRASILEIRA À VALORIZAÇÃO DA DIVERSIDADE CULTURAL: A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA LEI 10639/03 NA REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO

Esta pesquisa teve como pano de fundo a história, as legislações e ações de âmbito nacional referentes ao tema das relações étnico-raciais. O foco central de estudo foram as práticas educativas de professores da Educação Básica, especificamente na realidade sócio-educacional de escolas públicas da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de São Bernardo do Campo. Para isso, à luz da lei 10.639/2003 que alterou a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e incluiu a história e cultura afrobrasileira no currículo oficial de ensino, analisou-se o que justificou o desenvolvimento de projetos pedagógicos sobre essa temática por aproximadamente 400 professores nos anos de 2008 e 2009, período em que não havia investimentos significativos da Secretaria de Educação no que se refere ao tema. A partir de uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza interpretativa, foram aplicados questionários aos professores, para saber o que motivou a realização dos projetos e o papel da formação nesse contexto. Analisou-se, ainda, como as práticas docentes têm contribuído para a discussão do papel da escola (problematizadora /reprodutora) em relação à implementação da Lei 10639/03. A pesquisa constatou que os processos de formação em suas diferentes modalidades podem ser um importante disparador para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos significativos sobre a temática das relações étnico-raciais. Evidenciou, ainda, a importância das leis mencionadas, se não para resolver a questão da invisibilidade da história da África e suas contribuições para a história e cultura brasileira, para contribuir também na problematização das relações raciais e apontar novos caminhos para redução das grandes diferenças sociais existentes no interior das escolas brasileiras.

Efeitos da Implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem nos Enfermeiros de uma Instituição de Saúde Pública

O presente estudo teve como objetivos investigar a opinião do enfermeiro sobre a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, verificar os efeitos da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na organização do trabalho do enfermeiro e identificar se a Implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem causa sofrimento psíquico nesses profissionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 22 enfermeiros que atuam em uma instituição pública de saúde do grande ABCD, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, por meio de gravação dos depoimentos. A análise dos dados foi realizada buscando apreender os conteúdos representacionais sobre os efeitos da Implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem nos Enfermeiros. As categorias de análise sobre a influência da SAE nos sujeitos foram: a)conhecimento sobre a SAE: tem conhecimento e tem pouco conhecimento; b)opinião sobre a SAE: favorável e parcialmente favorável; c)desenvolvimento da SAE no contexto do trabalho: ocorre parcialmente e não ocorre; d)influência da Implementação da SAE no desempenho das tarefas: afeta e não afeta; e)ocorrência de sofrimento psíquico na Implementação da SAE : há e não há expressões diretas de sofrimento psíquico. Os dados revelaram que os efeitos da Implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem nos Enfermeiros causam sofrimento psíquico, resultantes das condições de trabalho inadequadas para promover a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem.

Implementação de um sistema integrado de gestão (Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança). Uma experiência na Guiné Equatorial.

Esta dissertação teve como finalidade estudar as possibilidades de implementar um Sistema Integrado de Gestão - Qualidade, Ambiente e Segurança na Guiné Equatorial. Este estudo seguiu os requisitos das normas ISO 9001, ISO 14001 e OHSAS 18001. Foi efetuado um levantamento de problemas e a sua respetiva investigação no projeto “ Construcción de la autovia de la Nacional Malabo-Luba “, mais concretamente na área industrial. Nesta área, desenvolve-se todo o processo de produção de peças pré-fabricadas de betão para órgãos de drenagem e funcionamento da central de betão. Pretendeu-se analisar os requisitos para assegurar a qualidade do produto, salvaguardando o meio ambiente, a segurança e a saúde de todos os intervenientes. Foram então estudadas as ações mais adequadas à empresa e ao seu processo de produção, para a implementação do sistema integrado de gestão, tendo em consideração as limitações existentes em África.

Implementação de uma arquitetura fuzzy neural em hardware com treinamento online

Computational Intelligence Methods have been expanding to industrial applications motivated by their ability to solve problems in engineering. Therefore, the embedded systems follow the same idea of using computational intelligence tools embedded on machines. There are several works in the area of embedded systems and intelligent systems. However, there are a few papers that have joined both areas. The aim of this study was to implement an adaptive fuzzy neural hardware with online training embedded on Field Programmable Gate Array – FPGA. The system adaptation can occur during the execution of a given application, aiming online performance improvement. The proposed system architecture is modular, allowing different configurations of fuzzy neural network topologies with online training. The proposed system was applied to: mathematical function interpolation, pattern classification and selfcompensation of industrial sensors. The proposed system achieves satisfactory performance in both tasks. The experiments results shows the advantages and disadvantages of online training in hardware when performed in parallel and sequentially ways. The sequentially training method provides economy in FPGA area, however, increases the complexity of architecture actions. The parallel training method achieves high performance and reduced processing time, the pipeline technique is used to increase the proposed architecture performance. The study development was based on available tools for FPGA circuits.

Programa Nacional de Incentivo à Leitura - PROLER: avaliação da implementação pelo Comitê Potiguar

The National Reading Incentive Program (PROLER) is a national initiative to promote and encourage reading throughout the country, linked to the National Library Foundation (FBN) of the Ministry of Culture (MinC). This research aims to assess the PROLER’s implementation process in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, from the actions of their local committee. The framework is based on contextualize the policies that seek to encourage the book and reading, as well as the processes of implementation and evaluation of public policies. The research is understood as a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study, comprising a single case study. Makes use of semi-structured interview as a tool for data collection, which was attended by 8 members of Potiguar Committee as respondents. The techniques of bibliographical and documentary analysis were used for the analysis and discussion of data obtained from surveys and documents on PROLER; as to the content of the interviews, the technique used was the analysis of conversations. As for the results, the existence of four barriers to program implementation in the state that are worth mentioning is observed: a) the political-administrative discontinuity; b) the limited resources and few partnerships; c) the management of school libraries and absence from the post of librarian in the state and; d) the absence of a process or assessment tool able to evaluate the results or the impacts of actions taken by the Potiguar Committee. It was noticed that these limiting four come PROLER making the implementation of the Rio Grande do Norte a process that, although complying with the national regulations of teacher training and follow school libraries and their needs, not flawed to develop assessments that can measure program impacts, making the feedback process of ineffective policy. Another observation of this study is seen in the fact that the Committee did not get enough to supply their shares resources, as well as not being able to articulate new partnerships, thus contributing negatively to the scope of the program form and, consequently, for the effectiveness of their actions. Has even mentioning the fact that the Committee do nothing regarding the mismanagement of the libraries that are in their care, ie, do not use the power of coercion as guaranteed by the National Policy on Reading and federal laws that treat the school library, and is therefore ineffective in relation to compliance with the program guidelines

Implementação em FPGA de módulo de efeito de reverberação

Reverberation is caused by the reflection of the sound in adjacent surfaces close to the sound source during its propagation to the listener. The impulsive response of an environment represents its reverberation characteristics. Being dependent on the environment, reverberation takes to the listener characteristics of the space where the sound is originated and its absence does not commonly sounds like “natural”. When recording sounds, it is not always possible to have the desirable characteristics of reverberation of an environment, therefore methods for artificial reverberation have been developed, always seeking a more efficient implementations and more faithful to the real environments. This work presents an implementation in FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays ) of a classic digital reverberation audio structure, based on a proposal of Manfred Schroeder, using sets of all-pass and comb filters. The developed system exploits the use of reconfigurable hardware as a platform development and implementation of digital audio effects, focusing on the modularity and reuse characteristics

O vencimento e a remuneração do magistério público municipal de Natal/RN: repercussões da implementação do Fundeb (2007-2010)

Le travail suivant discute le salaire touché par les professeurs et leur rémunération, face à l’implémentation du Fond de Mantenance du Développement de l’Éducation de Base et Valorisation des Professionnels de l’Enseignement (Fundeb), au Système d’Éducation Public de la Municipalité de la ville de Natal, entre les années de 2007 a 2010. L’objectif est l’analyse des repercussions du Funeb pour la rémuneration des enseignants dans le contexte de la politique de financement de l’Éducation de Base e ses propositions de valorisation des enseignants – revennu et rémunération. L’étude s’est utilisé la recherche bibliographique et documentale, les informations relatives à : Éducatif (inscriptions), rémunération (bulletin de salaire et bulletin de paie), budgétaires (recette et dépense) au ressource – microinformations du recensement scolaire (INEP/MEC), SIOPE/FNDE et lo PCCR de la municipalité (LC nº058/2004), et comme donné comparatif on utilise la rémunération et la valeur du salaire minimum national – actualisé par le INPC. À partir de là, les études montrent que dès la Constitution Fédeérale de 1988, il y a eu des changements dans la structure du financement de l’Éducation par la politique de Fonds, iniciée par le Fundef et continuée par le Fundeb, avec des reflets pour la valorisation des enseignants, spécialement, sur la rémunération. Par rapport au revennu, l’étude montre un réajustement à chaque année qui observe, en 2007, un pourcentage de 23,74%, c’est-à´dire, la plus grande de la série historique. Par l’analyse des donnés de revennus on peut observer que les enseignants, au début de leur carrière, présente des réajustement sur leur revennu et rémunération plus petit que celui du Salaire Minimum National, et pourtant les enseignants de niveau supérieur (N1), spécialisation et maîtrise (N2) ont présenté le même pourcentage de croissance de la rémunération pendant cet étude, qui correspond à 14,7%. Le pourcentage pour le professeur docteur a été noté en 33,9%. Par rapport aux enseignants de plus de temps de service, entre 10 et 15 ans, les pourcentages de réajustement ont été différents, car ils montrent des proportions croissantes selon le niveau de formation et le temps de carrière comme enseignant. Malgré le Fundeb présente des progressions, il ne s’est pas encore configuré comme une politique d’amélioration de salaire pour les enseignants. On remarque que pendant l’analyse, il y a une diminuition de proportion entre la valeur de rémunération e la quantité de salaires minimum composant le total, ce qui configure un procès qui exige de plus grands investissements aux salaires des enseignants.

Modelo comportamental do capacitor ferroelétrico como unidade básica de neurônios artificiais e sua implementação em FPGA

This work proposes the use of the behavioral model of the hysteresis loop of the ferroelectrics capacitor as a new alternative to the usually costly techniques in the computation of nonlinear functions in artificial neurons implemented on reconfigurable hardware platform, in this case, a FPGA device. Initially the proposal has been validated by the implementation of the boolean logic through the digital models of two artificial neurons: the Perceptron and a variation of the model Integrate and Fire Spiking Neuron, both using the model also digital of the hysteresis loop of the ferroelectric capacitor as it’s basic nonlinear unit for the calculations of the neurons outputs. Finally, it has been used the analog model of the ferroelectric capacitor with the goal of verifying it’s effectiveness and possibly the reduction of the number of necessary logic elements in the case of implementing the artificial neurons on integrated circuit. The implementations has been carried out by Simulink models and the synthesizing has been done through the DSP Builder software from Altera Corporation.

Uma máquina de redução de grafos extensível para a implementação de fluxos de trabalho

Graph Reduction Machines, are a traditional technique for implementing functional programming languages. They allow to run programs by transforming graphs by the successive application of reduction rules. Web service composition enables the creation of new web services from existing ones. BPEL is a workflow-based language for creating web service compositions. It is also the industrial and academic standard for this kind of languages. As it is designed to compose web services, the use of BPEL in a scenario where multiple technologies need to be used is problematic: when operations other than web services need to be performed to implement the business logic of a company, part of the work is done on an ad hoc basis. To allow heterogeneous operations to be part of the same workflow, may help to improve the implementation of business processes in a principled way. This work uses a simple variation of the BPEL language for creating compositions containing not only web service operations but also big data tasks or user-defined operations. We define an extensible graph reduction machine that allows the evaluation of BPEL programs and implement this machine as proof of concept. We present some experimental results.

Novas formas de governança pública: um estudo do arranjo articulado para Implementação da política pública nacional de aprendizagem profissional

The configuration assumed by the institutional governance arrangement established in the cities of Fortaleza and Natal, and its influence on the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning that promotes the formation and integration into the labor market of teens and young people aged 14 to 24 years old and people with disabilities is the aim of this thesis. The interactive governance approach, proposed by Kooiman (2003.2008) was the mainstay of the epistemological construction of the investigative process, also supported by contributions from Draibe (2001) concerning the stages of implementation of public policies. In methodological terms, the approach used was qualitative, being performed descriptive bibliographical and documentary research, applying semi-structured interviews with 44 subjects. Data were based on Bardin (2011), having been pre-established two categories of analysis: governance and implementation. The results pointed, among other things, to greater diversity and dynamics of the arrangement in Fortaleza, highlighting the much larger number of accessions of Nonprofit Entities (ESFLs) to politics, more frequent interactions between stakeholders from different organizational levels of governance, better alignment between guiding governance images and spaces designed to encourage interactions among actors and also greater local government involvement. In both cities studied, on the other hand, the study indicated that the failure of institutional capacities adversely affect the interactions stimulation and the exercise of meta-governance. The thesis concluded that the shape and intensity of the interactions between the actors involved in the implementation of the National Public Policy of Professional Learning and the way images are shared results in greater understanding and dissemination of the policy and create a favorable environment for cooperation and dialogue needed to collective work and favors the modeling of a governance structure able to handle the demands and characteristics of organizations and their participants in order to accommodate the divergent interests, make room for the creation of innovations and convergence of actions to achieve the objectives of the policy. Thus, the results of the Professional Learning Policy in the cities of Natal and Fortaleza, in terms of levels of entering the labor market, can be understood from the differences found in the governance structure of the institutional arrangement used for its implementation.

Implementação da infra-estrutura e protocolo de comunicação para tratamento e disponibilização de dados do projeto ePoste

The study consists in the structure elaboration and the ePoste project communicationprotocol, which is a system of monitoring by wireless communication with the aim tosensor and act with one or many public lighting points, and also the treatment of data todetect the activity in the sensors located on the posts. Previously the communication withsensors were made in locus and when data collect was necessary or the performance inthe devices, the operator had to move until the net place. Accordingly, the purpose has theconcern to increase the system dynamic, achieving the possible integrations with the systemsalready available to the lighting management. The same technology of communicationbetween the sensors are considerate, using the ZigBee protocol running on the meshnet, the communication with this net is made be internet through a gateway by GPRS,device with two basics functionalities, which bypass for data and the firmware update inthe sensor. This functionality test of data management is being tested; integrate way withlocal net of sensors and the internet data server operates. The protocol developed, besidesincorporating the ZigBee, that it is formation of framework in lower level, where definesbeginning, size and errors check, as well as the communication of sensor with the concentrator,which it is encapsulated in ZigBee; also the protocol of upper level, where thatit is the names, it was developed a platform of service to meet GET and POST requestsbeneath HTTP protocol, this service is implemented in the data server, which availablethe communication with the clients systems, in case, lighting management systems.

Sobre a integração indefinida de funções racionais complexas: teoria e implementação de algoritmos racionais

We present indefinite integration algorithms for rational functions over subfields of the complex numbers, through an algebraic approach. We study the local algorithm of Bernoulli and rational algorithms for the class of functions in concern, namely, the algorithms of Hermite; Horowitz-Ostrogradsky; Rothstein-Trager and Lazard-Rioboo-Trager. We also study the algorithm of Rioboo for conversion of logarithms involving complex extensions into real arctangent functions, when these logarithms arise from the integration of rational functions with real coefficients. We conclude presenting pseudocodes and codes for implementation in the software Maxima concerning the algorithms studied in this work, as well as to algorithms for polynomial gcd computation; partial fraction decomposition; squarefree factorization; subresultant computation, among other side algorithms for the work. We also present the algorithm of Zeilberger-Almkvist for integration of hyperexpontential functions, as well as its pseudocode and code for Maxima. As an alternative for the algorithms of Rothstein-Trager and Lazard-Rioboo-Trager, we yet present a code for Benoulli’s algorithm for square-free denominators; and another for Czichowski’s algorithm, although this one is not studied in detail in the present work, due to the theoretical basis necessary to understand it, which is beyond this work’s scope. Several examples are provided in order to illustrate the working of the integration algorithms in this text

Planejando com lean construction: diretrizes para implementação da construção enxuta em obras

Nowadays lives up in an era of tight credit caused by the global financial crisis, as occurred in the past, it is the responsibility of various sectors and segments of society find ways to reinvent itself. In this context, Lean Construction presents itself as a strong alternative production management for companies in the construction segment. Arising out of lean thinking that originated in Japan in the postwar period and has spread around the world in times of extreme scarcity with the oil crisis. In practice the Lean Construction is a philosophy that seeks to improve the process of production management, maximizing the value of the flow from the customer's perspective through the elimination of losses. And thrives in environments and cultures that consider the scarcity of resources like something natural, applying both the macroeconomic crisis as in times of prosperity. The Planning and Production Control - PCP presents itself as a fundamental building block for companies to protect themselves in the face of economic fluctuations, seeking for their survival and success in the competitive market. Motivated by the lack of discussion of the topic in the local academy, and for the identification of 93.33% of construction companies that do not make use of methodological tools for PCP in the state, this dissertation aims to study and propose the implementation of lean construction in methodology of planning projects implemented on construction sites. This characterized the management system, of the production of a construction company, pointing out the main causes of ineffectiveness related to consequent low performance of one of his ventures. In sequence, the PCP was implemented with the use of tools to serve the principles of lean construction. This being monitored through indicators that provided managers managerial view of process of actions control and production of protective mechanisms. All implementation guidelines and application of this management model, were exposed in a simplified way, practical and efficient, in order to break the resistance of new practices and old paradigms in the industry.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.