980 resultados para Curso normal
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O grande objectivo deste estudo foi contribuir para a melhoria do ensino da programação de computadores para aluno principiantes, através de um processo de observação da relação pedagógica estabelecida em sala de aula.
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The vertebral column and its units, the vertebrae, are fundamental features, characteristic of all vertebrates. Developmental segregation of the vertebral bodies as articulated units is an intrinsic requirement to guarantee the proper function of the spine. Whenever these units become fused either during development or postsegmentation, movement is affected in a more or less severe manner, depending on the number of vertebrae affected. Nevertheless, fusion may occur as part of regular development and as a physiological requirement, like in the tetrapod sacrum or in fish posterior vertebrae forming the urostyle. In order to meet the main objective of this PhD project, which aimed to better understand the molecular and cellular events underlying vertebral fusion under physiological and pathological conditions, a detailed characterization of the vertebral fusion occurring in zebrafish caudal fin region was conducted. This showed that fusion in the caudal fin region comprised 5 vertebral bodies, from which, only fusion between [PU1++U1] and ural2 [U2+] was still traceable during development. This involved bone deposition around the notochord sheath while fusion within the remaining vertebral bodies occur at the level of the notochord sheath, as during the early establishment of the vertebral bodies. A comparison approach between the caudal fin vertebrae and the remaining vertebral column showed conserved features such as the presence of mineralization related proteins as Osteocalcin were identified throughout the vertebral column, independently on the mineralization patterns. This unexpected presence of Osteocalcin in notochord sheath, here identified as Oc1, suggested that this gene, opposing to Oc2, generally associated with bone formation and mature osteoblast activity, is potentially associated with early mineralization events including chordacentrum formation. Nevertheless, major differences between caudal fin region and anterior vertebral bodies considering arch histology and mineralization patterns, led us to use RA as an inductive factor for vertebral fusion, allowing a direct comparison of equivalent structures under normal and fusion events. This fusion phenotype was associated with notochord sheath ectopic mineralization instead of ectopic perichordal bone formation related with increased osteoblast activity, as suggested in previous reports. Additionally, alterations in ECM content, cell adhesion and blood coagulation were discussed as potentially related with the fusion phenotype. Finally, Matrix gla protein, upregulated upon RA treatment and shown to be associated with chordacentrum mineralization sites in regular development, was further described considering its potential function in vertebral formation and pathological fusion. Therefore with this work we propose zebrafish caudal fin vertebral fusion as a potential model to study both congenital and postsegmentation fusion and we present candidate factors and genes that may be further explored in order to clarify whether we can prevent vertebral fusion.
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Tese de mestrado, Educação (Didáctica da Matemática), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2010
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This document written in English and Spanish discusses the problem of babies spitting up.
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Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2011
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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Artes Visuais no 3.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, 2011
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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e da Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2011
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Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014
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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Artes Visuais, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Relatório da prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino da Economia e Contabilidade, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Informática, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Trabalho de projeto de mestrado, Educação (Área de Especialização em Educação e Tecnologias Digitais), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2014
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We present a method for recovering facial shape using an image of a face and a reference model. The zenith angle of the surface normal is recovered directly from the intensities of the image. The azimuth angle of the reference model is then combined with the calculated zenith angle in order to get a new field of surface normals. After integration of the needle map, the recovered surface has the effect of mapped facial features over the reference model. Experiments demonstrate that for the lambertian case, surface recovery is achieved with high accuracy. For non-Lambertian cases, experiments suggest potential for face recognition applications.
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Polissema: Revista de Letras do ISCAP 2001/N.º 1 - Tradução