Caracterização gfeológico-geotécnica aplicada a gestão de risco no gasoduto GASBOL, trecho Ipeúna/SP - Itirapina/SP

The pipelines are characterized by the great length and linearity, these enterprises are usually associated with the horizon of soil and decomposed rock and accidents in this system usually have high complexity. So this work proposes a study of geological and geotechnical characterization of approximately 40 km ² and a study of risk analysis along 18.3 km of gas pipeline GASBOL, in the municipalities of Ipeúna-SP and Itirapina-SP, in scale 1:25.000, besides correlation between studies. The method for geological and geotechnical characterization is based on physiographic integrated analysis technique, which is supported by literature research, observation and interpretation of satellite imagery (photointerpretation), correlation of products numerical model of ground, fieldwork. The method adopted for risk classification is based on preliminary analysis of hazards (APP) technique, which is identified the geological process, this feature is classified as the susceptibility of occurrence, and then classified as the possible consequence of the process, if this evolves. As a product of the research, we designed a map in 1:25,000 scale, containing a table of geological and geotechnical characteristics of the mapped drives, as well as sectorization risk in each section of the pipeline. Were mapped geological and geotechnical seven units in the study area, delimited in excerpts of which five are classified as high risk, totaling 1.1 km in length of 18.3 km total

Comparação do comportamento locomotor de pacientes com doença de Parkinson, caidores e não caidores, durante o andar em terreno regular e durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculo

Introdução: Até o presente momento, não existem observações com o intuito de comparar o andar (em terreno regular e durante a ultrapassagem de obstáculo) de pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) caidores e não caidores. O conhecimento mais detalhado das diferenças clínicas e locomotoras entre pacientes caidores e não caidores pode servir como ferramenta importante para o melhor delineamento de intervenções com o intuito de prevenir e/ou reduzir a ocorrência de quedas na DP. Objetivo: Comparar o quadro clínico e o comportamento locomotor durante o andar em terreno regular e a ultrapassagem de obstáculo de indivíduos com DP caidores e não caidores. Método: Participaram do estudo 36 indivíduos com diagnóstico de DP idiopática. Inicialmente, a ocorrência de quedas foi registrada durante quatro meses por meio de entrevista semanal (contato pessoal e telefônico). Estes dados foram utilizados para distribuir os indivíduos em dois grupos: caidores (n=12) e não caidores (n=24). Em seguida, os pacientes realizaram, em estado “on” do medicamento, a avaliação do quadro clínico e do comportamento locomotor. A avaliação clínica incluiu a aplicação da escala de Hoehn & Yahr (estágio da doença) e da subescala motora da Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (comprometimento motor). A avaliação do andar consistiu em caminhar, em velocidade preferida, sobre uma passarela de oito metros de comprimento em condições com e sem obstáculo. Um sistema optoeletrônico para a análise do movimento (OPTOTRAK) foi utilizado para a coleta de dados do andar. As variáveis dependentes incluíram as pontuações nas escalas clínicas e os parâmetros espaciais e temporais do andar em terreno regular e da ultrapassagem de obstáculo. Resultados: Os pacientes caidores apresentaram menores valores do que os pacientes não caidores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Micro-fungos de interesse para o setor de petróleo, gás e biocombustíveis

Oil is a hydrocarbon mixture of various sizes, including saturated and aromatic compounds. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons and its main component is methane. In our society, the great demand for these fuels requires fast extraction, transportation and refining, increasing the number of accidents that compromise the environment. Oil is a finite resource and it is necessary to reduce the problems related to the question concerning environmental pollution which has encouraged the search for alternative fuel sources in our country. So today we have two major biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. Concurrently, many studies have been done directed toward the isolation of microorganisms capable of degrading petrochemical industrial wastes, most of them using as a source of isolation soil and water collected in a contaminated environment. Isolation from alternative substrates has emerged as a new strategy that has provided satisfactory results. In this work, we present the leaf-cutter ants of the Attini tribe as a source for the isolation of micro-fungi with the potential for hydrocarbon degradation. These insects have a social way of life and a highly specialized system of intra and interspecific communication, which is based on the recognition of individuals through volatile chemical compounds, the majority hydrocarbons, stored in their exoskeleton. The micro-environment exoskeleton of Attini ants (genus Atta) used in this work proved to be a rich source of microbial biodiversity, as other studies have found. The flotation isolation technique applied here allowed the achievement of 214 micro-fungi, 118 representatives of the dematiaceous fungi group and 96 hyaline filamentous fungi. They were submitted to toluene degradation tests and at least one strain of each genus presented good results, namely Teratosphaeria, Exophiala, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Classificação e mapeamento de áreas de risco de enchentes e inundações no bairro Jardim Inocoop - Rio Claro - SP

In the last few decades, Brazil has experienced an accelerated urbanization process in which many cities have grown in a disorderly way occupying environmentally fragile areas unsuitable for habitation. Anthropogenic actions such as high levels of impermeable soil, structural changes in watercourses, lack of riparian vegetation, illegal presence of trash and rubbish along the river banks added to irregular settlements in floodplains result in the rise of high risk areas. When accompanied by intense and prolonged rainfall phenomena, those areas have been the scenery of serious accidents such as floods. This study aims to classify the level of the risk of floods in the neighborhood of Jardim Inocoop, in the town of Rio Claro, São Paulo countryside, Brazil. One of the main technical support to tackle this issue is the identification and classification of the risks. In order to classify the risk level of flood in this case study, the methodology adopted was developed by the Ministry of Cities and Technology Research Institute, and take into account the arrangement of the hydrological scenario, vulnerability of households and dangerous process according to the distance of the houses from the axis of drainage. Therefore, the risk levels adopted to classify are listed below: very high (MA), high risk (A), moderate (M) and low risk (B). In conclusion, it is imperative to develop prevention plans in order to avoid or to minimize the damages caused by natural disasters. Therefore, the zoning of the risk sceneries remains as an important issue once it helps to identify the areas with high level risk of flood. Consequently, the occupation must be regulated where there is low or absent risk and it must be often forbidden where the high risk of flood is detected. Thus, the present study remains as an attempt to notify the risk of floods through its spatialization on a map, remainig...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O Cirque du Soleil e a trangressão natural do medo

O medo é uma emoção natural do ser humano, podendo representar um diferencial importante em relação à performance motora, especialmente quando se focaliza o ambiente das atividades físicas no Circo, mais particularmente do Cirque Du Soleil, por ser este bastante rico em desafios corporais. O Cirque Du Soleil é um império de entretenimento que tem sede nas cidades de Montréal e Quebec no Canadá e a transgressão do natural e a realização do impossível por meio do corpo humano representam as características básicas e marcantes desse espetáculo circense, carregado de emoções. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo centra-se em investigar a presença ou ausência do medo nas performances de um artista do Cirque Du Soleil, identificando seu significado e as maneiras com que este lida com esta emoção, antes e após o espetáculo e durante os treinos e ensaios. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, foi desenvolvido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira referente a uma revisão de literatura acerca das temáticas propostas e a segunda relativa a uma pesquisa exploratória, utilizando-se como instrumento para coleta de dados um questionário contendo perguntas abertas, aplicado a uma amostra intencional composta por 1 integrante do Cirque Du Soleil, com o domínio do idioma português. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático e indicam que artistas circenses sentem medo, ansiedade e nervosismo, além de alterações corporais, como aceleração do batimento cardíaco, antes de apresentações e diante do aprendizado de novos movimentos, que podem causar acidentes, tendo em vista que interferem na performance. O sujeito tenta controlar essas reações com pensamentos positivos, uma vez que entende que o medo é fruto de algo fictício proveniente da sua mente e utiliza a respiração para se acalmar. Esses resultados ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

A influência de um programa de ginástica laboral na queixa de dores osteomusculares de seus participantes

Durante a revolução industrial, o trabalho manual tornou-se mecanizado, repetitivo e automatizado, e com o aumento da competitividade do trabalho e a busca desenfreada pela produtividade, os trabalhadores eram submetidos à estresse, depressão, acidentes e lesões no local de atuação (DE ALMEIDA et al., 2009). A fim de reduzir esses malefícios causados pelo trabalho surge na Polônia, em 1925, a ginástica laboral. Vários estudos apresentam os benefícios da ginástica laboral, tais como melhora da flexibilidade, estados de ânimo, e etc. Mas a queixa por dores e afastamentos causados por LER/DORT tem nos chamado atenção; por isso esse estudo tem como principal objetivo verificar alterações na incidência e intensidade de dores em participantes do projeto de extensão de Ginástica Laboral da UNESP campus de Rio Claro. Foram ministradas duas aulas de ginástica laboral preparatória por semana, com duração de 15min. Cada, e por um período de quatro meses. Os participantes responderam três instrumentos:, Nórdico para Dor adaptado, Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física e Questionário auto-elaborado para o estudo com perguntas referentes a intensidade do trabalho e tipo de ocupação, em dois momentos distintos: o primeiro antes da intervenção e o segundo após a intervenção. Após analisarmos os dados, constatamos que a ginástica laboral contribui de forma positiva para a diminuição da incidência e intensidade da dor em trabalhadores. O estudo mostrou que duas sessões semanais, com duração de quinze minutos cada sessão, de ginástica laboral preparatória são suficientes para a diminuição da incidência e intensidade de dores osteomusculares

Estudos estruturais por difração de raios X de fosfolipases A2 em presença de íons com importância funcional

Snakes from Bothrops genus are responsible for more than 90% of the ophidian accidents in Brazil. One of the main complications from this kind of accident is muscular necrosis, which is related to the action of phospholipases A2 and metalloproteases, two groups of enzymes found in the venom of these animals. Although this complication cannot be solved by serum therapy administration, a great number of studies have been performed with the attempt to know the pharmacological sites of these toxins aiming, in the future, the development of complementary treatments to serum therapy. This work proposes structural studies of bothropic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) in the presence of ions relevant to their activity, using the X-ray crystallography technique. Recently, it was demonstrated ions, as manganese, calcium and others, interfere in the biological activity of the PLA2s. Particularly, Lys49-PLA2s in the presence of manganese ions have miotoxicity reduced. Asp49-PLA2s show catalytic activity dependent of calcium, although structural studies with a miotoxic Asp49-PLA2, BthTX-II, suggest a possible catalytic mechanism independent of calcium. Therefore, co-crystallization of BthTX-II in the presence of calcium ions and of PrTX-I in the presence of manganese ions were performed. Comparative structural studies among obtained results and others already published in the literature were performed aiming a better understanding of the structure-function relationship of these toxins. The BthTX-II with the presence of calcium do not show this ion in the loop of coordination of calcium, presence necessary to develop the catalyses. After comparison of this model with the native one, only one distortion was found, but no apparent relationship with the residues responsible for its activity. In the PrTX-I structure, regions candidates of manganese ions were also found... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Transportador de correia: componentes e cálculos básicos para seu dimensionamento

Increasingly, people searches for an efficient and economic way for transporting bulk materials. Transport through belts is now the most widely used mean for transporting bulk materials, used by companies from various sectors such as mining, quarrying, agribusiness, etc. There are many advantages of using a conveyor belt as compared to rail or by truck. Trucks needs a driver, have a high risk of accidents as well as a high cost for maintenance and as well as trains, after making the downloading of the material, return empty to the next load. The cost for the construction of a railway is very high, making it often impossible. The conveyor belt have a high cost of installation, but it works 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The upper side of the belt is always loaded, the maintenance cost is average and the risk of accidents is low, causing it to be the ideal way to transport bulk materials. This monography aims to interest the reader about what is a conveyor belt, what are its main components and demonstrate the basic calculations for their sizing and selection of components. Throughout the work, scaled a belt conveyor for use in the mining sector, but the concepts demonstrated apply to the transport of any material

Análise de métodos de mapeamento de perigo: uma proposta de elaboração de mapeamento de perigo de escorregamento planar de solo via utilização do método participativo

This final assignment aimed to promote a critical analysis of methods of preparation mappings danger of landslide and presentation of proposed development from the use of participative method, as an instrument to facilitate the identification of adverse geological processes. There search was executed from literature review about concept associated with geological dangers theme and the typology and characteristics of gravitational mass movements. We analyzed particularly the so-called methods of mapping danger tradicional/classic and alternative. It is believed, that integrating the work of specialists with the participation of involvedagents (local community and stake holders). This literature review and proposed work do noted in itself. You need the continuing advance in the discussion, debates and research on this topic as well as public policies that act on problems identified more concretely

Análise proteômica do veneno da vespa social Polistes lanio lanio (Hymenoptera; vespidae)

Os venenos dos insetos da ordem Hymenoptera (abelhas, vespas e formigas) são responsáveis por um grande número de acidentes causados por ferroadas. Estes acidentes podem produzir uma série de reações, variando desde uma reação local, até uma reação sistêmica e anafilaxia. Estudos mostraram que 0,8% a 5% da população mundial sofrem de reações sistêmicas generalizadas após ferroadas de insetos pertencentes à ordem Hymenoptera. As espécies pertencentes ao gênero Polistes são tipicamente encontradas no sudeste do Brasil, causando muitos acidentes por ferroadas devido principalmente à proximidade dos ninhos destes insetos das habitações humanas. P.lanio lanio é uma das vespas sociais que mais causam acidentes no Estado de São Paulo e pouco se sabe sobre a composição de seu veneno. As vespas do gênero Polistes são capazes de ferroar múltiplas vezes e causar reações alérgicas severas. Dessa forma, a identificação das proteínas mais abundantes do veneno da vespa social Polistes lanio lanio por uma abordagem proteômica, se faz necessária para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de ação desse veneno. A identificação de várias proteínas do veneno de P. l. lanio, revelou importantes aspectos sobre o processo de envenenamento por vespas do gênero Polistes, os quais podem ajudar no melhor entendimento dos mecanismos de ação destes venenos. A compreensão dos principais alérgenos é uma etapa importante para o desenvolvimento de novos extratos específicos para diagnósticos de alergia e imunoterapia de pacientes sensíveis ao veneno de vespas.

Levantamento de animais silvestres atropelados em rodovias da região de Ribeirão Preto-SP nos anos de 2004 a 2006

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Avaliação do efeito do tratamento com surfactante químico e Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI na toxicidade de solo contaminado com óleo lubrificante usado

Petroleum and its subproducts are considered a treat for the environmental quality because of the many environmental accidents that may occur during exploitation, transport and storage. A common remediation technique used in the contaminated areas is based on the use of surfactants, mainly the chemical ones, because they have low production costs. In the other hand, some microorganisms have indicate capacities of producing surfactants that emulsify substances and as result, offer a bigger contact surface for the microbiota degradation. This biossurfactants stand out in comparison with the chemical surfactants because they present lower micelar concentration values, are more tolerant for temperature and pH variation, because they are biodegradable, have low toxicity, higher emulsification and hydrocarbon solubilization index. In this way, after the surfactant application, a toxicity evaluation have to be made to identify the treatment effects. In soil, the activity of some microbial enzymes can show the environmental behavior of the contaminant under different treatment conditions. Dehydrogenase is one example of those enzymes that can demonstrate indirectly the effect of the pollutant on the soil microorganisms. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the toxicity after the addition of a surfactant and/or Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBI in soil contaminated by a mineral automotive lubricant. The previous mentioned bacteria are a potential biossurfactant (rhamnolipid) producer. In order to evaluate the toxicity, the dehydrogenase test was run. In this test, trifeniltetrazolium compound (TTC) after utilized as an electron acceptor, turns into trifenil formazan (TPF), that can be indirectly quantified using the absorbance measured by the spectrophotometer UV-visible. In this way, it was possible to quantify the dehydrogenase activity from the contaminated soil samples... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo de repelência com diversos produtos de origem natural em operárias de Apis mellifera em semi-campo

Accidents involving insects of the Hymenoptera order occur very often with both human beings and domestic pets and, in Brazil, they include aggravated cases with Africanized bees (Apis mellifera). The aggravation of deforestation and the lack of awareness regarding the subject are factors that contribute to the rise of the number of bees in the urban environment. This fact has been causing several derangements among the population because, once these insects are bothered, they become very aggressive. Considering the risks to population and the great amount of accidents that could be avoided, the development of researches with the goal of determining repelling substances is rather important. Therefore, this research evaluated the repelling action of essential natural oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus oficinalis), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), cedar (Juniperus virginiana), clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and mint (Mentha piperita) on A. mellifera Africanized worker bees in both semi-field and aggressiveness tests. Among the evaluated composites, the lemongrass, mint and clove essential natural oils presented a grater repelling effect, inhibiting the bees’ visitation to the managed feeders almost completely. The cedar essential natural oil was the least effective composite, and the rest of the tested oils presented satisfactory repellency, which became less effective over time, according to non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. However, further tests showed that only the lemongrass essential natural oil caused a less aggressive response from the bees, which can confirm the repelling power of this composite. This way, according to the results obtained through this research, lemongrass presents a greater potential to the development of effective repelling formulas against Africanized bees (Apis mellifera)

Modelagem matemática para a dispersão de fungos fitopatogênicos via autômatos celulares

Brazil is a major world producer and exporter of agricultural products like soybeans, sugar, coffee, orange and tobacoo. However, the action of phytopathogenic fungi has been one of the largest challenges encountered in the field as they are responsible for approximately 25 to 50 per cent of losses in crops of fruits and vegetables. The presence of these pathogens is always a problem, because the damage on the tissues and organs promote lesions which decreses growth vegetation and often leads the individual (host) to death. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the process of spreading of these pathogens in the field to develop strategies which prevent the epidemics caused by them. In this study, the dispersal of fungi phytopathogenic in the field was modeled using the automata cellular formalism. The growth rate of infected plants population was measured by the radius of gyration and the influence of host different susceptibility degrees into the disease spread was assessed. The spatial anisotropy related to the plant-to-plant space and the system’s response to distinct seasonal patterns were also evaluated. The results obtained by a mean field model (spatially implicit models) emphasized the importance of the spatial structure on the spreading process, and dispersal patterns obtained by simulation (using a cellular automata) were in agreement with thse observed in data. All computational implementation was held in language Cl

Percepção de risco de predação por um grupo de macaco-prego (Sapajus nigritus) do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho

Estudar chamados de alarme permite inferir sobre a percepção de risco de predação. A percepção de risco de predação por um primata pode ser afetada por diversos fatores, como o ambiente em que ele está e o horário do dia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar se há relação entre a atividade dos predadores em potencial do macaco-prego e a frequência de vocalizações de alarme de um grupo do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. Os dados usados foram coletados nos anos de 2007 e 2009, as vocalizações anotadas como “ad libitum”. O teste qui-quadrado revelou diferenças significativas entre os três períodos do dia em 2007, sugerindo uma maior percepção de risco em horários de atividade dos predadores aéreos. O teste não revelou diferenças significativas para o ano de 2009. A temperatura ou a estação do ano em que as aves se encontravam durante a observação pode ter provocado essa diferença de resultados. Comportamentos de forragear em lugares menos expostos, vigilância e coesão de grupo podem ser analisados para uma melhor compreensão da percepção de risco por predadores aéreos