Propuesta de reestructuración del currículo del bloque matemático de la carrera de matemáticas y física de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Cuenca

El presente trabajo consiste en una propuesta de reestructuración del currículodel bloque matemático Carrera de Matemáticas y Física de la Universidad de Cuenca, de manera específica la parte matemática del mismo. Tiene como objetivo ser un documento que oriente los futuros cambios que se impulsen, como consecuencia de la aplicación de las nuevas leyes que regulan el Sistema de Educación Superior. Consta de cuatro capítulos, en el primero se hace una revisión de todos los antecedentes que es necesario conocer para la elaboración de la propuesta, de manera especial, la Constitución de la República, la Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior y su reglamento y el Reglamento de Régimen Académico. La propuesta tiene que ver con una carrera que forma docentes de Educación General Básica y Bachillerato por lo que fue necesario revisar también los documentos correspondientes a estos niveles. En el segundo capítulo se revisa aspectos generales concernientes a la teoría curricular, así como aspectos específicos del currículo y educación matemática. El capítulo tres constituye la propuesta en sí, explica el proceso que se ha seguido para llegar a concretar la idea de un plan de estudios de la carrera. Se establece una relación entre resultados de aprendizaje de la carrera, contenidos a estudiarse en EGB y en el BGU, para luego plantear asignaturas con sus correspondientes números de créditos y carga horaria, obteniendo como resultado el diseño de una malla curricular que responda a las actuales necesidades. Finalmente el capítulo cuatro trata sobre conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of apixaban compared to low-molecular-weight heparins and vitamin k antagonists for treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism

Objective: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a 6-month treatment of apixaban (10 mg/12h, first 7 days; 5 mg/12h afterwards) for the treatment of the first event of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prevention of recurrences, versus low-molecular-weight heparins/vitamin K antagonists treatment (LMWH/VKA). Material and methods: A lifetime Markov model with 13 health states was used for describing the course of the disease. Efficacy and safety data were obtained from AMPLIFY and AMPLIFY-EXT clinical trials; health outcomes were measured as life years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The chosen perspective of this analysis has been the Spanish National Health System (NHS). Drugs, management of VTE and complications costs were obtained from several Spanish data sources (€, 2014). A 3% discount rate was applied to health outcomes and costs. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (SA) were performed in order to assess the robustness of the results. Results: Apixaban was the most effective therapy with 7.182 LYG and 5.865 QALY, versus 7.160 LYG and 5.838 QALYs with LMWH/VKA. Furthermore, apixaban had a lower total cost (€13,374.70 vs €13,738.30). Probabilistic SA confirmed dominance of apixaban (led to better health outcomes with less associated costs) in 89% of the simulations. Conclusions: Apixaban 5 mg/12h versus LMWH/VKA was an efficient therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of recurrences of VTE from the NHS perspective.

Desenvolvimento de funções de pedotransferência para regiões do nordeste brasileiro.

Modelos para simulação do fluxo de água no solo e previsão de produtividade de culturas requerem informações sobre parâmetros das curvas de retenção e condutividade hidráulica do solo. Funções de pedotransferência (PTFs) se constituem numa alternativa para obtenção dessas informações, a partir de dados de textura e estrutura disponíveis em levantamentos de solos. Neste trabalho, foram ajustadas PTFs para os parâmetros do modelo de van Genuchten (vG), utilizando dados de 838 curvas de retenção de diferentes locais do Nordeste. As PTFs apresentaram boa qualidade de ajuste para os parâmetros θr e θs em contraste com a baixa capacidade preditiva para logα e n. Tais resultados sugerem a viabilidade do seu uso em modelos de simulação do balanço hídrico simplificado e para algumas aplicações práticas de irrigação. No entanto, para uso em modelos complexos de fluxo de água é importante avaliar a sensibilidade das variáveis prognósticas (produtividade agrícola, concentração de solutos) a variações nos parâmetros de vG. A alta variabilidade observada tanto nas propriedades morfológicas como nos parâmetros de vG para a região de estudo sugere o agrupamento dos dados em classes texturais ou tipos de solos.

Andanzas españolas de la poesía costarricense

Se describe analíticamente un recorrido histórico de los vínculos literarios, culturales y editoriales entre la producción poética costarricense del siglo xx, y la tradición lírica castellana. Sitúa las letras costarricenses en su contexto hispanoamericano, y señala algunos hitos que podrían explicar etapas y aspectos significativos de su desarrollo literario.An analytical description is provided of the literary, cultural and publishing ties existing between Costa Rican twentieth-century poetry and the Spanish lyric tradition. It situates Costa Rican letters in their Latin American context and suggests certain milestones which could explain significant stages and aspects of its literary development.

Double Hybrid Functionals and the Π-System Bond Length Alternation Challenge: Rivaling Accuracy of Post-HF Methods

Predicting accurate bond length alternations (BLAs) in long conjugated oligomers has been a significant challenge for electronic-structure methods for many decades, made particularly important by the close relationships between BLA and the rich optoelectronic properties of π-delocalized systems. Here, we test the accuracy of recently developed, and increasingly popular, double hybrid (DH) functionals, positioned at the top of Jacobs Ladder of DFT methods of increasing sophistication, computational cost, and accuracy, due to incorporation of MP2 correlation energy. Our test systems comprise oligomeric series of polyacetylene, polymethineimine, and polysilaacetylene up to six units long. MP2 calculations reveal a pronounced shift in BLAs between the 6-31G(d) basis set used in many studies of BLA to date and the larger cc-pVTZ basis set, but only modest shifts between cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ results. We hence perform new reference CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ calculations for all three series of oligomers against which we assess the performance of several families of DH functionals based on BLYP, PBE, and TPSS, along with lower-rung relatives including global- and range-separated hybrids. Our results show that DH functionals systematically improve the accuracy of BLAs relative to single hybrid functionals. xDH-PBE0 (N4 scaling using SOS-MP2) emerges as a DH functional rivaling the BLA accuracy of SCS-MP2 (N5 scaling), which was found to offer the best compromise between computational cost and accuracy the last time the BLA accuracy of DFT- and wave function-based methods was systematically investigated. Interestingly, xDH-PBE0 (XYG3), which differs to other DHs in that its MP2 term uses PBE0 (B3LYP) orbitals that are not self-consistent with the DH functional, is an outlier of trends of decreasing average BLA errors with increasing fractions of MP2 correlation and HF exchange.

Off-line and On-line Affective Recognition of a Computer User through A Biosignal Processing Approach

Physiological signals, which are controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), could be used to detect the affective state of computer users and therefore find applications in medicine and engineering. The Pupil Diameter (PD) seems to provide a strong indication of the affective state, as found by previous research, but it has not been investigated fully yet. In this study, new approaches based on monitoring and processing the PD signal for off-line and on-line affective assessment (“relaxation” vs. “stress”) are proposed. Wavelet denoising and Kalman filtering methods are first used to remove abrupt changes in the raw Pupil Diameter (PD) signal. Then three features (PDmean, PDmax and PDWalsh) are extracted from the preprocessed PD signal for the affective state classification. In order to select more relevant and reliable physiological data for further analysis, two types of data selection methods are applied, which are based on the paired t-test and subject self-evaluation, respectively. In addition, five different kinds of the classifiers are implemented on the selected data, which achieve average accuracies up to 86.43% and 87.20%, respectively. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is utilized to investigate the discriminating potential of each individual feature by evaluation of the area under the ROC curve, which reaches values above 0.90. For the on-line affective assessment, a hard threshold is implemented first in order to remove the eye blinks from the PD signal and then a moving average window is utilized to obtain the representative value PDr for every one-second time interval of PD. There are three main steps for the on-line affective assessment algorithm, which are preparation, feature-based decision voting and affective determination. The final results show that the accuracies are 72.30% and 73.55% for the data subsets, which were respectively chosen using two types of data selection methods (paired t-test and subject self-evaluation). In order to further analyze the efficiency of affective recognition through the PD signal, the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) was also monitored and processed. The highest affective assessment classification rate obtained from GSR processing is only 63.57% (based on the off-line processing algorithm). The overall results confirm that the PD signal should be considered as one of the most powerful physiological signals to involve in future automated real-time affective recognition systems, especially for detecting the “relaxation” vs. “stress” states.

From client's dreams to achievable projects: An expert system for determining web site feasibility

This paper presents a web based expert system application that carries out an initial assessment of the feasibility of a web project. The system allows detection of inconsistency problems before design starts, and suggests correcting actions to solve them. The developed system presents important advantages not only for determining the feasibility of a web project but also by acting as a means of communication between the client company and the web development team, making the requirements specification clearer.

Muscle-related polymorphisms (MSTN rs1805086 and ACTN3 rs1815739) are not associated with exceptional longevity in Japanese centenarians

Myostatin (MSTN) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are potentially associated with preservation of muscle mass and oxidative capacity, respectively. To explore the possible role of these genes in exceptional longevity (EL), the allele/genotype frequency distribution of two polymorphisms in MSTN (rs1805086, K153R) and ACTN3 (rs1815739, R577X) was studied in Japanese centenarians of both sexes (n = 742) and healthy controls (n = 814). The rs1805086 R-allele (theoretically associated with muscle mass preservation at the expense of oxidative capacity) was virtually absent in the two groups, where genotype distributions were virtually identical. Likewise, no differences in allele (p = 0.838 (women); p = 0.193 (men); p = 0.587 (both sexes)) or genotype distribution were found between groups for ACTN3 rs1815739 (p = 0.975 (women), p = 0.136 (men), p = 0.752 (both sexes)). Of note, however, the frequency of the rs1805086 R-allele observed here is the lowest been reported to date whereas that of the 'highly oxidative/efficient' rs1815739 XX genotype in Japanese male centenarians (33.3%) or supercentenarians of both sexes (≥110 years) are the highest (32.6%), for a non-American population. No definite conclusions can be inferred in relation to EL owing to its lack of association with both rs1815739 and rs1805086. However, it cannot be excluded that these gene variants could eventually be related to a "healthy" metabolic phenotype in the Japanese population. Further research might determine if such metabolic profile is among the factors that can potentially predispose these individuals to live longer than Caucasians and what genetic variants might be actually involved.

Accidentes de trabajo e índice de masa corporal en vigilantes atendidos en una I.P.S. de salud ocupacional, Bogotá - Colombia, 2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: Todos los individuos dentro de una sociedad tienen derecho a disfrutar de una integridad física, mental y de sus bienes materiales, que en principio debe ser garantizada por el Estado, sin embargo, debido a la ineficacia y falta de alcance en la disponibilidad de hombres y mujeres para cuidar a cada persona y empresa, la Seguridad Privada ha surgido como actividad económica para garantizar éste servicio de manera individualizada. No obstante a ello, poco se sabe acerca de las características de las personas que desempeñan ésta labor, así como las demandas inherentes a ésta actividad económica; sin embargo, en poblaciones económicamente similares, se documenta a través de la literatura la aparente relación entre la condición física del individuo y la presentación de accidentes de trabajo. OBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre los accidentes de trabajo y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en vigilantes atendidos en una I.P.S. de Salud Ocupacional en la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia, durante el año 2015. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal, con datos secundarios de una base de datos de 76 registros, procedentes de las historias clínicas médico ocupacionales realizadas a una población de trabajadores del sector de la Vigilancia o Seguridad Privada, durante su atención en una Institución Prestadora de Salud (I.P.S.) de Salud Ocupacional. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, ocupacionales, las relacionadas con los accidentes de trabajo y el índice de masa corporal. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias univariadas y para las variables de tipo cuantitativo, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, además de buscar potenciales asociaciones estadísticas, para conocer las variables que se relacionan con el evento estudiado. RESULTADOS: En éste proyecto se destaca que de los trabajadores que desempeñan la actividad económica de Vigilancia y Seguridad Privada, se encuentran en el grupo de 20 a 39 años (56.5%) y pertenecen al género masculino (84.2%); dichos factores contribuyen a la ocurrencia de los accidentes de trabajo (OR de 1.7 y 2.0 respectivamente). Además el I.M.C. de sobrepeso (OR 1.8), la obesidad (OR 1.4); y en sí el cargo de Vigilante concurren a la accidentalidad laboral (OR de 1.1) y con ello al incremento de incapacidad laboral en un 85.5% de 0 a 60 días. CONCLUSIONES: Se deben establecer medidas encaminadas al emprendimiento de sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica que mitiguen y minimicen el riesgo, con ello la presencia de eventos no deseados en el ámbito laboral para ésta población y la disminución del ausentismo laboral.

Perspective of Healthcare Workers about Digitization in the Healthcare Sector in Armed Forces Hospitals in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of digitization in healthcare on health workers' perceptions in Armed Forces Hospital, Taif. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive design based on deductive approach was used in the study. 370 participants employed in Armed Force hospitals in Taif were recruited based on convenience sampling. A survey was distributed among participants to collect demographic data and data on digitization benefits, challenges, and status and perceptions of health workers. The collected responses were then entered into SPSS software for performing descriptive stats, ANOVA test and regression analysis to determine the relationship between research variables. Results: The demographic results showed more male participants (64.9%) than females (35%), with more participants having a Master's education. Results from the ANOVA test and regression analysis revealed a positive and significant correlation between digitization benefits (0.842), digitization challenges (0.838), and digitization status (0.898) with health workers' perceptions. Also, a 1% change in digitization benefits, challenges, and status can result in an 18% change in perceptions. Conclusion: Overall, the study found a significant and positive relationship impact of digitization of health on perceptions of health workers. Recommendation: It is suggested that future studies investigate the factors and strategies influencing the change of perceptions associated with the digitization of health.

Influenza: atualização do manejo clínico

Curso a distância, autoinstrucional, com enfoque prático, baseado na análise de 4 casos clínicos que incluem a determinação de ações importantes para o correto manejo da influenza, de acordo com protocolos atualizados do Ministério da Saúde, que inclui a indicação do uso de medicação antiviral e a atenção especial aos casos de síndrome respiratória aguda e grave.

Caso Marcela: análise de caso clínico da influenza

Caso clínico do Curso de Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Influenza, ofertado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde - UNASUS. Discute o caso de uma paciente de 22 anos, na 30ª semana de gestação, com pré-natal em dia, sem intercorências até então. Em uma manhã de inverno procura a unidade de saúde com queixas de febre alta, dor de garvanta e tosse seca. Nega dor toráxica ou dispinéia, e nega também dor abdominal. Não tomou a vacina de infuenza, apesar da recomendação feita durente seu pré-natal.

Caso Maria Aparecida: análise de caso clínico da influenza

Caso clínico do Curso de Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Influenza, ofertado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde - UNASUS. Esse caso aborda o manejo de um caso clínico de infecção respiratória em uma paciente de 72 anos, institucionalizada. Como a paciente não apresentava sinais de agravamento ou de descompensação de doença de base, o processo é conduzido inicialmente como um caso de síndrome gripal, sendo indicado corretamente o tratamento com oseltamivir e optado pelo manejo ambulatorial. No retorno, a paciente apresenta um quadro de pneumonia grave e é internada em unidade de terapia intensiva.

Caso Mário: análise de caso clínico da influenza

Caso clínico do Curso de Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Influenza, ofertado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde - UNASUS. Esse caso aborda o manejo clínico de síndrome gripal (SG) em um paciente de 39 anos, sem condições ou fatores de risco para complicação por influenza. O quadro adequa-se à definição de SG por apresentar febre de início súbito associada à tosse ou dor de garganta.

Caso Eduardo e Frederico: análise de caso clínico da influenza

Caso clínico do Curso de Atualização do Manejo Clínico da Influenza, ofertado pela Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Universidade Aberta do Sistema Único de Saúde - UNASUS. Esse caso aborda o manejo clínico de síndrome respiratória em duas crianças, uma (4 anos) com quadro mais grave que a outra (1 ano e 6 meses). Orienta também quanto à forma correta de preparação da solução de oseltamivir a partir da apresentação em cápsula, bem como sua associação ao antiviral no caso de pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC).