Effect of W addition on the electrical switching of VO2 thin films

Vanadium Oxide has been a frontrunner in the field of oxide electronics because of its metal-insulator transition (MIT). The interplay of different structures of VO2 has played a crucial role in deciding the magnitude of the first order MIT. Substitution doping has been found to introduce different polymorphs of VO2. Hence the role of substitution doping in stabilizing the competing phases of VO2 in the thin film form remains underexplored. Consequently there have been reports both discounting and approving such a stabilization of competing phases in VO2. It is reported in the literature that the bandwidth of the hysteresis and transition temperature of VO2 can be tuned by substitutional doping of VO2 with W. In this work, we have adopted a novel technique called, Ultrasonic Nebulized Spray Pyrolysis of Aqueous Combustion Mixture (UNSPACM) to deposit VO2 and W- doped VO2 as thin films. XRD and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the role of tungsten on the structure of VO2 thin films. Morphology of the thin films was found to be consisting of globular and porous nanoparticles of size similar to 20nm. Transition temperature decreased with the addition of W. We found that for 2.0 at % W doping in VO2, the transition temperature has reduced from 68 degrees C to 25 degrees C. It is noted that W-doping in the process of reducing the transition temperature, alters the local structure and also increases room temperature carrier concentration. (c) 2016 Author(s).

喷油泵转速变化对乳化液喷雾特性的影响

采用高速摄影技术,研究了压力雾化喷嘴对甲醇、水和柴油多组元乳化液的雾化特性. 结果表明:当实验工质为乳化液时,提高喷油泵的转速,喷油器喷嘴的有效喷射压力随之上升,喷雾贯穿速度提高,喷雾锥角增大,喷雾的持续时间增长;乳化液和柴油的喷雾有一定的差异,即柴油的喷雾锥角比乳化液的大,喷油器的嘴端压力比乳化液的小,喷雾持续时间也比乳化液的短.

等离子体喷涂涂层细观结构与工艺相关性研究

采用改进的颗粒沉积模型和一种新建议的循环算法，利用数值方法模拟了等离子体喷涂中涂层的生长过程及涂层的细观结构。数值模拟，主要包括了陶瓷液滴的高速变形与凝固、涂层材料的堆积、涂层中细胞空洞的形成与温度场的迭代计算等过程。研究结果表明，涂层中孔隙率的分布与一些关键工艺参数和基底表面状态等有关，液态陶瓷颗粒的直径和飞行速度的加大会引起涂层内孔隙率的增加，而基体温度和表面粗糙度的升高则有利于提高涂层的致密度。本文的研究结果将有助于定量或半定量地优化选取工艺参数以便获得所需的涂层结构和改善涂层的力学性能。

An Experimental Study of Kerosene Combustion in a Supersonic Model Combustor Using Effervescent Atomization

Investigation of kerosene combustion in a Mach 2.5 flow was carried out using a model supersonic combustor with cross-section area of 51 mm × 70 mm and different integrated fuel injector/flameholder cavity modules. Experiments with pure liquid atomization and with effervescent atomization were characterized and compared. Direct photography, Schlieren imaging, and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of OH radical were utilized to examine the cavity characteristics and spray structure. Schlieren images illustrate the effectiveness of gas barbotage in facilitating atomization and the importance of secondary atomization when kerosene sprays interacting with a supersonic crossflow. OH PLIF images further substantiate our previous finding that there exists a local high-temperature radical pool within the cavity flameholder, and this radical pool plays a crucial role in promoting kerosene combustion in a supersonic combustor. Under the same operation conditions, comparison of the measured static pressure distributions along the combustor also shows that effervescent atomization generally leads to better combustion performance than the use of pure liquid atomization. Furthermore, the present results demonstrate that the cavity characteristics can be different in non-reacting and reacting supersonic flows. As such, the conventional definition of cavity characteristics based on non-reacting flows needs to be revised.

超声速气流中横向煤油射流的数值模拟

为了对超声速气流中液体横向射流进行数值模拟，采用Eulerian-Lagmngian方法描述气液两相流动现象，用随机轨道模型追踪液滴的运动历程，并考虑气流可压缩性、流场不均匀性及液滴变形对液滴运动的影响，开发了相应的计算程序。计算结果发现，液体射流与气流之间存在着强烈的相互作用，液滴在进入气流中不久就破碎成很小的子液滴，受煤油液雾的影响气流速度、温度急剧下降，同时在喷孔上游出现～道弓形激波。与液雾结构的纹影图像和液雾穿透的实验结果对比显示，数值计算结果基本合理。

An Overview on the Field of Micro- and Nanotechnologies for Synthetic Peptide-Based Vaccines

18 p.

热喷涂涂层中残余应力分析和检测研究进展

综述热喷涂涂层中残余应力研究进展。主要内容有：对残余应力产生的最新认识，残余应力分布实验测试技术、理论分析模型及其对热喷涂材料界面结合强度影响等领域的研究进展。最后对该领域几个学术界和工程界关注的研究方向进行了展望。

用激波管驱动水喷雾

为了了解用激波管产生大流量水喷雾的流体力学原理，进行了实验研究。用可视化方法观察了管内两相流及所产生的喷雾的发展过程。 用PVDF压力传感器测量了液波管内的压力波形。结果表明，水柱内的压力波明显地不同于空气中的压力波；水柱被经过加速后，其雾化形态发生了新的变化。

煤油射流在超声速燃烧室中的实验研究

在超声速燃烧室中分别采用气泡雾化煤油与纯煤油射流进行实验,研究不同情况对燃料的雾化和贯穿深度的影响.实验选用纹影法记录实验段图像,拍摄了不同注射压强条件下燃料有无气泡雾化的流场照片,对时间平均流场和瞬态流场分别进行记录.实验结果表明:气泡雾化的确明显地提高了液体燃料的雾化程度,但对贯穿深度没有显著的影响,提高贯穿深度的有效方法是增加射流压强.

Comparison of Torpedograss and Pickerelweed Susceptibility to Glyphosate

Torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) is one of the most invasive exotic plants in aquatic systems. Repeat applications of (N-phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate) herbicides provide limited control of torpedograss; unfortunately, glyphosate often negatively impacts most non-target native species that grow alongside the weed. This experiment studied the effect of glyphosate on pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.), a native plant that shares habitats with torpedograss. Actively growing plants of torpedograss and pickerelweed were cultured in 8-liter containers and sprayed to wet with one of four rates of glyphosate: 0%, 0.75%, 1.0%, or 1.5%. Each treatment included a surfactant to aid in herbicide uptake and a surface dye to verify uniform application of the treatments. All herbicide treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer to intact plants and to cut stubble of both species. Four replicates were treated for each species-rategrowth combination during each of two experiment periods. Plant dry weights 8 weeks after herbicide application suggest that torpedograss was effectively controlled by the highest rate of glyphosate applied to cut stubble. Pickerelweed was unaffected when the highest rate of glyphosate was applied as a cut-and-spray treatment. These data suggest that a cut-and-spray application of a 1.5% solution of glyphosate may be an effective strategy to control torpedograss without deleteriously affecting pickerelweed. (PDF contains 4 pages.)

Non-target Impacts to Eelgrass from Treatments to Control Spartina in Willapa Bay, Washington

Four methods to control the smooth cordgrass Spartina (Spartina alterniflora) and the footwear worn by treatment personnelat several sites in Willapa Bay, Washington were evaluatedto determine the non-target impacts to eelgrass (Zostera japonica). Clone-sized infestations of Spartina were treated bymowing or a single hand-spray application of Rodeo® formulatedat 480 g L-1acid equivalence (ae) of the isopropylaminesalt of glyphosate (Monsanto Agricultural Co., St. Louis, MO;currently Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) with the nonionic surfactant LI 700® (2% v/v) or a combination of mowing and hand spraying. An aerial application of Rodeo® with X-77 Spreader® (0.13% v/v) to a 2-ha meadow was also investigated. Monitoring consisted of measuring eelgrass shoot densities and percent cover pre-treatment and 1-yr post-treatment. Impacts to eelgrass adjacent to treated clones were determined 1 m from the clones and compared to a control 5-m away. Impacts from footwear were assessed at 5 equidistant intervals along a 10-m transect on mudflat and an untreated control transect at each of the three clone treatment sites. Impacts from the aerial application were determined by comparing shoot densities and percent cover 1, 3 and 10 m from the edge of the treated Spartina meadow to that at comparable distances from an untreated meadow. Methods utilized to control Spartina clones did not impact surrounding eelgrass at two of three sites. Decreases in shoot densities observed at the third site were consistent across treatments. Most impacts to eelgrass from the footwear worn by treatment personnel were negligible and those that were significant were limited to soft mud substrate. The aerial application of the herbicide was associated with reductions in eelgrass (shoot density and percent cover) at two of the three sampling distances, but reductions on the control plot were greater. We conclude that the unchecked spread of Spartina is a far greater threat to the survival and health of eelgrass than that from any of the control measures we studied. The basis for evaluating control measures for Spartina should be efficacy and logistical constraints and not impacts to eelgrass. PDF is 7 pages.

喷射成形工艺参数及热挤压制度对8009耐热铝合金的组织及性能的影响

采用喷射成形方法制备了Al-8.5Fe-1.4V-1.7Si(8009)耐热铝合金，研究了喷射成形工艺参数及沉积坯件的热挤压工艺对材料的微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明：喷射成形工艺能够有效地抑制8009合金中粗大的富铁相的析出，获得均匀细小的组织；当射成形工艺参数选择适当时，沉积坯件具有良好的成形性与致密度，在随后的热挤压过程中，通过较低的挤压比即可使材料达到全致密。合金经过热挤压后，在室温及高温下均具有良好的力学性能。

水煤浆多级喷嘴的雾化和流动特性

研究了一种多级气动喷嘴对水煤浆燃料的喷雾特性的影响，采用实验方法研究了水煤浆性质、喷嘴操作工况和喷嘴几何结构对射流雾化细度的影响，对喷嘴出口附近的两相流场进行了数值计算，并针对相关结果进行了分析。研究结果证明，该喷嘴对水煤浆燃料有很好的雾化性能，并为喷嘴的进一步优化提供参考数据.

Investigation of Vaporized Kerosene Injection in a Supersonic Model Combustor

Characteristics of vaporized aviation kerosene injection in a supersonic model combustor were preliminarily investigated. The electrically storage type heater has a volume capacity of heating kerosene of 0.8 kg up to 670 K at a pressure of 5.5 Mpa. The temperature to cause pressurized kerosene jet being fully vaporized in Quiescent atmosphere was found to be 550 K at 4 Mpa however the pressurized hot kerosene remains in liquid state within the tube. The correspondent jet spray in Mach 2.5 vitiated air cross-flow were visualized by using stop schlieren photograph.It was found the penetration depth of the hot pressurized kerosene jet is approximately same with the temperature varied from 290 K to 550 k. at pressure of 4 Mpa. This results showed that the atomization process of hot kerosene jet spray in supersonic combustor could be bypassed and directly transferred to be gas state at temperature 550 K and pressure of 4 Mpa.

An Experimental Study of Kerosene Combustion in a Supersonic Model Combustor Using Effervescent Atomization

Investigation of kerosene combustion in a Mach 2.5 flow was carried out using a model supersonic combustor with cross-section area of 51 mm?70 mm, with special emphases on the characterization of effervescent atomization and the flameholdering mechanism using different integrated fuel injector/flameholder cavity modules. Direct photography, Schlieren imaging, and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging of OH were utilized to examine the cavity characteristics and spray structure, with and without gas barbotage. Schlieren images illustrate the effectiveness of gas barbotage in facilitating atomization and the importance of secondary atomization when kerosene sprays interacting with a supersonic crossflow. OH-PLIF images further substantiate our previous finding that there exists a local high temperature radical pool within the cavity flameholder and this radical pool plays a crucial role in promoting kerosene combustion in a supersonic combustor. The present results also demonstrate that the cavity characteristics can be different in non-reacting and reacting supersonic flows. As such, the conventional definition of cavity characteristics based on non-reacting flows needs to be revised.