The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement:a narrative synthesis

The claim that high levels of engagement can enhance organizational performance and individual well-being has not previously been tested through a systematic review of the evidence. To bring coherence to the diffuse body of literature on engagement, the authors conducted a systematic synthesis of narrative evidence involving 214 studies focused on the meaning, antecedents and outcomes of engagement. The authors identified six distinct conceptualizations of engagement, with the field dominated by the Utrecht Group's ‘work engagement’ construct and measure, and by the theorization of engagement within the ‘job demands–resources’ framework. Five groups of factors served as antecedents to engagement: psychological states; job design; leadership; organizational and team factors; and organizational interventions. Engagement was found to be positively associated with individual morale, task performance, extra-role performance and organizational performance, and the evidence was most robust in relation to task performance. However, there was an over-reliance on quantitative, cross-sectional and self-report studies within the field, which limited claims of causality. To address controversies over the commonly used measures and concepts in the field and gaps in the evidence-base, the authors set out an agenda for future research that integrates emerging critical sociological perspectives on engagement with the psychological perspectives that currently dominate the field.

Génération souverainiste? L'engagement des jeunes au sein du mouvement souverainiste québécois : le cas du Parti québécois

Depuis la défaite du Oui au référendum de 1995, nous observons une perte de vitesse du mouvement souverainiste québécois. Cette dernière est d’abord perceptible d’un point de vue électoral où nous observons une baisse constante des appuis aux partis souverainistes, et ensuite relativement au fractionnement social et idéologique du mouvement souverainiste. Dans un tel contexte, nous nous attardons, dans le cadre de ce mémoire, à l’engagement des jeunes âgé-e-s de 20 à 26 ans au sein du Parti québécois (PQ). Ces personnes ont commencé à s’impliquer dans ce parti alors que le mouvement souverainiste était déjà caractérisé par une perte de vitesse et n’ont jamais connu les moments effervescents de celui-ci. Suite à seize entrevues semi-directives réalisées avec des militant-e-s du PQ, ce mémoire a pour but de comprendre les processus d’engagement de ces personnes. À l’aide d’une analyse sociologique des parcours d’engagement, nous démontrons d’abord que plusieurs types de parcours ont pu mener ces jeunes à s’engager au PQ. Ensuite, nous soulignons le fait que des éléments du passé, notamment par l’entremise des cours d’histoire et de la socialisation familiale, ont eu une plus grande importance que ceux d’actualité pour leur prise de conscience souverainiste. Nous montrons aussi que ces jeunes appartiennent à une génération politique pour laquelle les grands évènements de l’histoire du mouvement souverainiste ne peuvent plus être considérés comme étant des moments critiques des parcours d’engagement. Nous démontrons finalement que l’analyse des orientations politiques des personnes permet de mieux comprendre les différences entre les différents processus d’engagement.

Ter ou ser? Eis a questão: O efeito moderador das características de personalidade sobre a relação entre o person-job fit e o engagement

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Modero eu? Moderamos nós?: Efeito moderador dos traços de personalidade e da cultura organizacional na relação entre metacognição e engagement laboral

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia especialidade em Psicologia Social e das Organizações

Overqualification: Consequências no engagement e na satisfação laboral

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Estilos de liderança, gerações e work engagement: Qual o impacto em contexto de trabalho?

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações

A virtual agent to sustaining children's engagement in language learning

In this thesis we aimed to explore the potential of gamification - defined as “the use of game elements in non-game contexts” [30] - in increasing children's (aged 5 to 6) engagement with the task. This is mainly due to the fact that our world is living a technological era, and videogames are an example of this engagement by being able to maintain children’s (and adults) engagement for hours straight. For the purpose of limiting complexity, we only addressed the feedback element by introducing it with an anthropomorphic virtual agent (human-like aspect), because research shows that virtual agents (VA’s) can influence behavioural change [17], or even induce emotions on humans both through the use of feedback provided and their facial expressions, which can interpreted in the same way as of humans’ [2]. By pairing the VA with the gamification concept, we wanted to 1) create a VA that is likely to be well-received by children (appearance and behaviour), and 2) have the immediate feedback that games have, so we can give children an assessment of their actions in real-time, as opposed to waiting for feedback from someone (traditional teaching), and with this give students more chances to succeed [32, 43]. Our final system consisted on a virtual environment, where children formed words that corresponded to a given image. In order to measure the impact that the VA had on engagement, the system was developed in two versions: one version of the system was limited to provide a simple feedback environment, where the VA provided feedback, by responding with simple phrases (i.e. “correct” or “incorrect”); for the second version, the VA had a more complex approach where it tried to encourage children to complete the word – a motivational feedback - even when they weren’t succeeding. Lastly we conducted a field study with two groups of children, where one group tested the version with the simple feedback, and the other group tested the ‘motivational’ version of the system. We used a quantitative approach to analyze the collected data that measured the engagement, based on the number of tasks (words) completed and time spent with system. The results of the evaluation showed that the use of motivational feedback may carry a positive effect on engaging children.

Analyse des comportements d'engagement conduisant à l'apprentissage : une approche vygotskienne.

Dans la foulée des recherches sur la réussite scolaire, mon essai constitue une démarche entreprise pour soutenir les enseignants dans leur réalité quotidienne. Plus spécifiquement, il s'intéresse aux conditions à mettre en place afin de favoriser le cheminement et la réussite scolaire des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage en classe ordinaire. Solliciter les situations idéales en classe semblent parfois difficiles à soutenir chez les enseignantes et enseignants, et ce, peut-être par manque de connaissances ou de moyens permettant d'établir les liens entre les savoirs à transmettre et les capacités des élèves.

Tracing outsideness: young women's institutional journeys and the geographies of closed space

Understanding confinement and its complex workings between individuals and society has been the stated aim of carceral geography and wider studies on detention. This project contributes ethnographic insights from multiple sites of incarceration, working with an under-researched group within confined populations. Focussing on young female detainees in Scotland, this project seeks to understand their experiences of different types of ‘closed’ space. Secure care, prison and closed psychiatric facilities all impact on the complex geographies of these young women’s lives. The fluid but always situated relations of control and care provide the backdrop for their journeys in/out and beyond institutional spaces. Understanding institutional journeys with reference to age and gender allows an insight into the highly mobile, often precarious, and unfamiliar lives of these young women who live on the margins. This thesis employs a mixed-method qualitative approach and explores what Goffman calls the ‘tissue and fabric’ of detention as a complex multi-institutional practice. In order to be able to understand the young women’s gendered, emotional and often repetitive experiences of confinement, analysis of the constitution of ‘closed space’ represents a first step for inquiry. The underlying nature of inner regimes, rules and discipline in closed spaces, provide the background on which confinement is lived, perceived and processed. The second part of the analysis is the exploration of individual experiences ‘on the inside’, ranging from young women’s views on entering a closed institution, the ways in which they adapt or resist the regime, and how they cope with embodied aspects of detention. The third and final step considers the wider context of incarceration by recovering the young women’s journeys through different types of institutional spaces and beyond. The exploration of these journeys challenges and re-develops understandings of mobility and inertia by engaging the relative power of carceral archipelagos and the figure of femina sacra. This project sits comfortably within the field of carceral geography while also pushing at its boundaries. On a conceptual level, a re-engagement with Goffman’s micro-analysis challenges current carceral-geographic theory development. Perhaps more importantly, this project pushes for an engagement with different institutions under the umbrella of carceral geography, thus creating new dialogues on issues like ‘care’ and ‘control’. Finally, an engagement with young women addresses an under-represented population within carceral geography in ways that raise distinctly problematic concerns for academic research and penal policy. Overall, this project aims to show the value of fine grained micro-level research in institutional geographies for extending thinking and understanding about society’s responses to a group of people who live on the margins of social and legal norms.

A virtual agent to sustaining children's engagement in language learning

In this thesis we aimed to explore the potential of gamification - defined as “the use of game elements in non-game contexts” [30] - in increasing children's (aged 5 to 6) engagement with the task. This is mainly due to the fact that our world is living a technological era, and videogames are an example of this engagement by being able to maintain children’s (and adults) engagement for hours straight. For the purpose of limiting complexity, we only addressed the feedback element by introducing it with an anthropomorphic virtual agent (human-like aspect), because research shows that virtual agents (VA’s) can influence behavioural change [17], or even induce emotions on humans both through the use of feedback provided and their facial expressions, which can interpreted in the same way as of humans’ [2]. By pairing the VA with the gamification concept, we wanted to 1) create a VA that is likely to be well-received by children (appearance and behaviour), and 2) have the immediate feedback that games have, so we can give children an assessment of their actions in real-time, as opposed to waiting for feedback from someone (traditional teaching), and with this give students more chances to succeed [32, 43]. Our final system consisted on a virtual environment, where children formed words that corresponded to a given image. In order to measure the impact that the VA had on engagement, the system was developed in two versions: one version of the system was limited to provide a simple feedback environment, where the VA provided feedback, by responding with simple phrases (i.e. “correct” or “incorrect”); for the second version, the VA had a more complex approach where it tried to encourage children to complete the word – a motivational feedback - even when they weren’t succeeding. Lastly we conducted a field study with two groups of children, where one group tested the version with the simple feedback, and the other group tested the ‘motivational’ version of the system. We used a quantitative approach to analyze the collected data that measured the engagement, based on the number of tasks (words) completed and time spent with system. The results of the evaluation showed that the use of motivational feedback may carry a positive effect on engaging children.

Um ensaio sobre burnout, engagement e estratégias de coping na profissão docente

Investigadores, um pouco por todo o mundo, começaram a preocupar-se com o fenómeno do burnout, ao identificarem este sintoma essencialmente nas profissões que envolviam uma relação assistencial ou de ajuda, como o caso dos médicos, enfermeiros e psicólogos. Contudo, não tardou que se percebesse que este fenómeno pudesse também estar presente na profissão docente de uma forma muito significativa. A docência é, na atualidade, uma das profissões mais sujeitas a altos níveis de stresse, podendo levar ao burnout, caso se torne recorrente. Muitos docentes conseguem adaptar-se e reagir de uma forma funcional perante as dificuldades próprias da profissão, tornando-se profissionais engaged, ou seja, enquanto alguns professores vivenciam as dimensões negativas do burnout (exaustão emocional, despersonalização e perda de realização profissional), outros experienciam as três dimensões positivas do engagement (vigor, dedicação e absorção profissional). Com a entrada da chamada “psicologia positiva”, surge uma nova perspectiva de estudo que procura respostas para determinadas formas de envolvimento profissional. Assim, apesar do fenómeno do engagement ainda não estar muito estudado, encontrar professores engaged com a sua profissão também é uma realidade presente em muitos países. O recurso a estratégias de coping é uma forma de lidar com as dificuldades inerentes ao exercício da profissão docente. Logo, é importante perceber de que forma a utilização de determinado tipo de estratégia de coping poderá conduzir ao burnout ou, preferencialmente, ao engagement.

Congruencia entre los valores personales y organizacionales y su influencia con el engagement en el trabajo : estudio de caso en una organización del sector salud

La capacidad de gestión del personal se ha convertido en un imperativo para las organizaciones modernas. Por tanto se vienen introduciendo temas como la administración en valores y el engagement de los trabajadores. Sin embargo, la relación entre estos dos aún no ha sido estudiada. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto que tiene el grado de articulación y reconocimiento de los valores organizacionales y personales y organizacionales sobre los niveles de engagement de los empleados. Para esta investigación se utilizó una muestra constituida por 54 trabajadores de una organización del sector salud de la ciudad de Bogotá a quienes les fueron aplicadas dos escalas: el Inventario para Medir la Articulación entre la Persona y la Organización (Inventario APO) y Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Como principal resultado se obtuvo que de las tres dimensiones consideradas predictoras del engagement, solamente el reconocimiento de los valores organizacionales tuvo un efecto estadísticamente significativo.

Engagement e interferência trabalho-família em cônjuges trabalhadores e não trabalhadores na mesma organização

Baseada na literatura sobre a interferência trabalho-família e o engagement, esta investigação estudou diferenças nestas variáveis em indivíduos com cônjuge trabalhador na mesma organização vs. cônjuge não trabalhador na mesma organização. Foram aplicados dois questionários a uma amostra de 91 participantes, que permitiram concluir que o primeiro grupo apresenta níveis superiores em todas as dimensões de ambas as variáveis, sobretudo na dedicação. Foram ainda estudadas diferenças em variáveis sócio-demográficas, assim como foi demonstrado a correlação significativa entre as dimensões do engagement, e entre o vigor e a interferência trabalho­família negativa. São discutidas implicações teóricas e práticas, assim como limitações do estudo e direcções futuras. /ABSTRACT: Based on the literature about work-home interference and engagement, this investigation studied differences on those variables in individuals with their spouses working on the same organization vs. spouses don't working on the same organization. Two questionnaires were applied to a 91 sample, that allowed us to conclude that the first group presents higher levels in every dimension of both variables, especially on dedication. Differences in socio-demographics variables were also studied, and it was demonstrated significant correlation between engagement dimensions, and between vigour and negative work-home interference. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, as well study limitations and future directions.

"L'engagement libertaire d'Albert Camus et la pensée de Midi", in (Re)Lire Albert Camus, Paris, Éditions Minuit, 2016

Estuda-se o pensamento político de Albert Camus a partir do seu ensaísmo e dalgumas referências à sua novelística.

Language, action, and sensoriality: a multimodal analysis of interactions in inclusive sport climbing with visually impaired athletes

In sport climbing, athletes with vision impairments are constantly accompanied by their guides – usually trainers – both during the preparatory inspection of the routes and whilst climbing. Trainers are, so to speak, the climbers’ eyes, in the sense that they systematically put their vision in the service of the climbers’ mobility and sporting performance. The synergy between trainers and athletes is based on peculiar, strictly multimodal interactive practices that are focused on the body and on its constantly evolving sensory engagement with the materiality of routes. In this context, sensory perception and embodied actions required to plan and execute the climb are configured as genuinely interactive accomplishments. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Embodied and Situated Cognition and on the methodology of Conversation Analysis, this thesis engages in the multimodal analysis of trainer-athlete interactions in paraclimbing. The analysis is based on a corpus of video recorded climbing sessions. The major findings of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) Intercorporeality is key to interactions between trainers and athletes with visual impairments. The participants orient to perceiving the climbing space and acting in it as a ‘We’. 2) The grammar, lexicon, prosody, and timing of the trainers’ instructions are finely tuned to the ongoing corporeal experience of the climbers. 3) Climbers with visual impairments build their actions by using sensory resources that are provided by their trainers. This result is of particular importance as it shows that resources and constraints for action are in a fundamental way constituted in interaction with Others and with specific socio-material ecologies, rather than being defined a priori by the organs and functions of individuals’ body and mind. Individual capabilities are thus enhanced and extended in interaction, which encourages a more ecological view of (dis)ability.