Constructing a ‘moment of crisis’ and its adequate solution

The rejection of the European Constitution marks an important crystallization point for debate about the European Union (EU) and the integration process. The European Constitution was envisaged as the founding document of a renewed and enlarged European Union and thus it was rather assumed to find wide public support. Its rejection was not anticipated. The negative referenda in France and the Netherlands therefore led to a controversial debate about the more fundamental meaning and the consequences of the rejection both for the immediate state of affairs as well as for the further integration process. The rejection of the Constitution and the controversy about its correct interpretation therefore present an intriguing puzzle for political analysis. Although the treaty rejection was taken up widely in the field of European Studies, the focus of existing analyses has predominantly been on explaining why the current situation occurred. Underlying these approaches is the premise that by establishing the reasons for the rejection it is possible to derive the ‘true’ meaning of the event for the EU integration process. In my paper I rely on an alternative, discourse theoretical approach which aims to overcome the positivist perspective dominating the existing analyses. I argue that the meaning of the event ‘treaty rejection’ is not fixed or inherent to it but discursively constructed. The critical assessment of this concrete meaning-production is of high relevance as the specific meaning attributed to the treaty rejection effectively constrains the scope for supposedly ‘reasonable’ options for action, both in the concrete situation and in the further European integration process more generally. I will argue that the overall framing suggests a fundamental technocratic approach to governance from part of the Commission. Political struggle and public deliberation is no longer foreseen as the concrete solutions to the citizens’ general concerns are designed by supposedly apolitical experts. Through the communicative diffusion and the active implementation of this particular model of governance the Commission shapes the future integration process in a more substantial way than is obvious from its seemingly limited immediate problem-solving orientation of overcoming the ‘constitutional crisis’. As the European Commission is a central actor in the discourse production my analysis focuses on the specific interpretation of the situation put forward by the Commission. In order to work out the Commission’s particular take on the event I conducted a frame analysis (according to Benford/Snow) on a body of key sources produced in the context of coping with the treaty rejection.

Online and of???ine peer led models against bullying and cyberbullying

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Estudio de mercado sobre los zapatos tipo « pisahuevos »

Es de gran importancia, para determinar las tendencias de consumo, principalmente de los jóvenes y adolescentes, conocer y analizar los factores de influencia en el comportamiento del consumidor y la satisfacción de sus necesidades. Se debe conocer además, el proceso de resolución de problemas, las influencias que determinan dichos comportamientos y los niveles de respuestas existentes según el grado de participación en la compra. Es sin duda alguna, de gran valor para las empresas, conocer aspectos que llevan al ser humano a elegir o desechar productos, servicios, marcas, puntos de venta u otro elemento para estar preparados, anticiparse al mercado y aprovechar las tendencias sociales.

Aplicación de la Teoría de Restricciones en la gestión de la seguridad del paciente

La seguridad del paciente constituye una prioridad y un reto para los organismos Gubernamentales y para las instituciones de salud tanto a nivel nacional como internacional (Sescam, 2007), quienes han emprendido una búsqueda de soluciones por medio de diferentes metodologías y estrategias que permitan reducir al máximo los riesgos de la atención de salud para el paciente (Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2002). Aunque se cuenta con mejores sistemas o metodología de análisis y sistemas de notificación la persistencia del fenómeno es constante. ( Requena, Aranaz, Gea, Limón, Miralles, & Vitaller , 2010). En esta tesis se plantea una nueva alternativa de gestión en la seguridad del paciente a través de la Teoría de Restricciones (TOC) para emprender acciones que permitan analizar el sistema bajo esta nueva metodología, intervenir de manera oportuna, impactar y estimular al personal de salud a trabajar en la búsqueda del mejoramiento continuo para el establecimiento de un sistema efectivo de gestión de la seguridad del paciente y una cultura de seguridad de los trabajadores de la institución de salud.

Rehabilitation of executive functions: Implications and strategies

Executive Functions (EF) concern a range of abilitiesincluding problem-solving, planning, initiation, selfmonitoring,conscious attention, cope with new situationsand the ability to modify plans if necessary. It’s ahigh cognitive function that is crucial for a person to getengaged and maintain daily activities whilst keeping agood quality of life. Problems in the EF were formerlyknown as Dysexecutive Syndrome (DS). There are manymodels concerning DS, although the literature on thesubject still remains unclear. Several works appoint theeffects brought by elderly life, as well as abuse of drugsand some psychopathologies. These factors are knownto increase the distress of the frontal circuits and thatcould be associated to executive deficits. The effects ofDS would compromise individuals in day-to-day routine,academic, social and labor fields. There is a growingbody of studies trying to determine the causes, implications,associations and the best way to take care of theseeffects. This work intends to review DS, focusing on themost important fields related to this area, such as psychopathologyassociations, cognitive reserve, assessmentand cognitive rehabilitation programs.

Relación empírica entre el burnout y los estilos de solución de problemas interpersonales en una muestra de terapeutas y preparadores laborales de adultos autistas integrados en un programa de empleo con apoyo.

Resumen tomado del autor. Resumen en castellano e inglés

Canad?? : informe de evaluaci??n nacional

Resumen del autor. Resumen en castellano y en ingl??s. Este art??culo se incluye en el monogr??fico 'Sistemas nacionales de evaluaci??n'

Centros experimentales y centros de ensayo y aplicación.

Se intenta demostrar la viabilidad y eficacia de la innovación educativa y proporcionar los instrumentos precisos para su aplicación. Se alude a tres técnicas específicas: Research, Development and Difusion; Interacción Social; Problem Solving. La primera concibe la investigación como un proceso secuencial en el que se dan: investigación; desarrollo; difusión. El punto de partida de la innovación puede empezar en cualquiera de las tres etapas. El modelo de Interacción Social se realiza, generalmente, a nivel de maestro o de centro, es el caso de las Técnicas Freinet. El tercer modelo tiende a identificar las necesidades de un centro y diseñar para él una solución específica para el problema. Se explica qué y cuales son las funciones de los centros experimentales que permite clasificarlos en centros experimentales y centros de ensayo y aplicación. La participación y el apoyo de la Inspección Técnica en el proyecto de centros de aplicación y los campos de actuación de los centros de ensayo y aplicación en los que se incluye las innovaciones recomendadas por la Ley General de Educación y las OO.MM., por las que se aprueba la Educación General Básica, Nueva orientación. Finaliza con la sugerencia de que la Dirección General de Ordenación Educativa, la red INCIE-ICES y la Inspección Central estarían probablemente dispuestas a prestar los apoyos necesarios para estimular y coordinar la red de centros experimentales y de aplicación y ofrecer suporte técnico para el desempeño de sus funciones.

Desarrollo de un instrumento para el registro de la capacidad para resolver problemas : resultados de un estudio piloto.

El artículo pertenece a una sección de la revista dedicada a investigación

Marcos y pruebas de evaluaci??n de PISA 2012 : matem??ticas, lectura y ciencias

Es una traducci??n al espa??ol de la publicaci??n original de la OCDE "PISA 2012 Assessment and Analytical Framework Mathematics, Reading, Science, Problem Solving and Financial Literacy "

An evaluation of private speech

This literature review examines the use of private speech among typically developing and hearing impaired children. This paper supports the view that private speech provides a self-regulatory function and guides behavior and problem-solving.

Neurobehavioral Development in Children With Potential Exposure to Pesticides

Children may be at higher risk than adults from pesticide exposure, due to their rapidly developing physiology, unique behavioral patterns, and interactions with the physical environment. This preliminary study conducted in Ecuador examines the association between household and environmental risk factors for pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral development. We collected data over 6 months in the rural highland region of Cayambe, Ecuador (2003–2004). Children age 24–61 months residing in 3 communities were assessed with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire and the Visual Motor Integration Test. We gathered information on maternal health and work characteristics, the home and community environment, and child characteristics. Growth measurements and a hemoglobin finger-prick blood test were obtained. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Current maternal employment in the flower industry was associated with better developmental scores. Longer hours playing outdoors were associated with lower gross and fine motor and problem solving skills. Children who played with irrigation water scored lower on fine motor skills (8% decrease; 95% confidence interval 9.31 to 0.53), problem-solving skills (7% decrease; 8.40 to 0.39), and Visual Motor Integration test scores (3% decrease; 12.00 to 1.08). These results suggest that certain environmental risk factors for exposure to pesticides may affect child development, with contact with irrigation water of particular concern. However, the relationships between these risk factors and social characteristics are complex, as corporate agriculture may increase risk through pesticide exposure and environmental contamination, while indirectly promoting healthy development by providing health care, relatively higher salaries, and daycare options.

Sociodemographic and nutritional correlates of neurobehavioral development: a study of young children in a rural region of Ecuador

To identify and describe the sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics associated with neurobehavioral development among young children living in three communities in the northeastern Andean region of Cayambe-Tabacundo, Ecuador. Women in the study communities who had a child 3 to 61 months of age completed a questionnaire about maternal and child health and sociodemographic characteristics. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was directly administered to 283 children by two trained interviewers. Growth measurements and a hemoglobin finger-prick blood test were obtained in 2003–2004. Prevalence of developmental delay was calculated, and associations between child development and maternal, child, and household characteristics were explored. High frequencies of developmental delay were observed. Children 3 to 23 months old displayed delay in gross motor skills (30.1%), and children 48 to 61 months old displayed delay in problem-solving skills (73.4%) and fine motor skills (28.1%). A high frequency of both anemia (60.4%) and stunting (53.4%) was observed for all age groups. Maternal educational level was positively associated with communication and problem-solving skills, and monthly household income was positively associated with communication, gross motor, and problem-solving skills. The results suggest a high prevalence of developmental delay and poor child health in this population. Child health status and the child’s environment may contribute to developmental delay in this region of Ecuador, but sociodemographic factors affecting opportunities for stimulation may also play a role. Research is needed to identify what is causing high percentages of neurobehavioral developmental delay in this region of Ecuador.

Towards a nutrient export risk matrix approach to managing agricultural pollution at source

A generic Nutrient Export Risk Matrix (NERM) approach is presented. This provides advice to farmers and policy makers on good practice for reducing nutrient loss and is intended to persuade them to implement such measures. Combined with a range of nutrient transport modelling tools and field experiments, NERMs can play an important role in reducing nutrient export from agricultural land. The Phosphorus Export Risk Matrix (PERM) is presented as an example NERM. The PERM integrates hydrological understanding of runoff with a number of agronomic and policy factors into a clear problem-solving framework. This allows farmers and policy makers to visualise strategies for reducing phosphorus loss through proactive land management. The risk Of Pollution is assessed by a series of informed questions relating to farming intensity and practice. This information is combined with the concept of runoff management to point towards simple, practical remedial strategies which do not compromise farmers' ability to obtain sound economic returns from their crop and livestock.