Use of leaves for drinking water

The use of leaves for drinking water is a widespread tool-use behavior among chimpanzees. Although this tool-use behavior is widely described as the use of leaf sponges, it can actually be found in three different forms: leaf sponges, leaf-folding, and leaf spoons. Among the chimpanzee community of Bossou, we can observe all three forms, albeit in different frequencies. Here I describe the longitudinal record of manufacture and use of leaf tools for drinking water, highlighting the learning process underlying the acquisition of the skill. The degree of laterality evident in both immature and mature performers is also presented here. The use of leaves for drinking water emerges at the age of 1.5 years old, but the manufacture of leaf tools only starts at 3.5 years of age. Infants and juveniles were observed to use drinking tools that had been discarded by other individuals after use. Concerning handedness in general, the chimpanzees are ambidextrous, with some individuals biased to one side.

Effects of water deprivation on renal hydroelectrolytic excretion in chronically Trypanosoma cruzi-infected rats

The effect of an 8 hour-period of water deprivation on fluid and electrolyte renal excretion was investigated in male Wistar rats infected with the strain São Felipe (12SF) of Trypanosoma cruzi, in comparison with age and sex matched non-infected controls. The median percent reductions in the urinary flow (-40% v -63%) and excretion ofsodium (-57% v-79%) were smaller in chagasic than in control rats, respectively. So, chagasic rats excreted more than controls. On the other hand, the median percent decrement in the clearance of creatinine was higher in chagasic (-51%) than in controls (-39%). Thus, chagasic rats showed some disturbed renal hydroelectrolytic responses to water deprivation, expressed by smaller conservation, or higher excretion of water and sodium in association with smaller glomerularfiltration rate. This fact denoted an elevation in the fractional excretion of sodium and water.

Valorization of grape pomace residues integrating hot compressed water with biotechnology

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia

Ensino de informática básica a deficientes visuais em regime e-learning em Cabo Verde

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão de Sistemas de E-Learning

Otimização do sistema experimental para a calibração de acelerómetros-padrão em regime de alta-frequência

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Cost efficiency in the Portuguese water sector: The case of multimunicipal systems operating at the bulk level

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

A mudança do regime cambial português: Um balanço 15 anos depois de Maastricht

A mudança de regime para a estabilidade e convertibilidade cambiais deve ser enquadrada numa mudança de regime económico e financeiro. A parte monetária foi feita por pressão europeia directa mas não se pode mudar a constituição fiscal a partir de fora. Para tal, não bastam tratados nem pactos com restrições às despesas e receitas públicas, porque a constituição fiscal assenta num processo orçamental que reflecte o sistema político. A falta de complementaridade entre políticas explica que as nossas reformas nãotenham durado o suficiente para que as empresas se sintam parte interessada. O resultado da “boleia de juros” foi uma procura excessiva de bens e serviços transaccionáveis por parte dos residentes, que se manifestou quer na despesa em bens e serviços importados ou exportáveis. Tendo em conta a baixa classificação de Portugal em termos de produtividade e também em termos de atractividade para o investor, não se vai realizar o alto potencial exportador sem alterar os preços relativos. O balanço 15 anos depois de Maastricht é pois de que, sem uma estratégia sustentada de reformas, o potencial exportador não se pode realizar. Sem realizar esse potencial, não se pode restaurar uma diferencialidade portuguesa assente nas pertenças e liberdades.

Diallelic analysis to obtain cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) populations tolerant to water deficit.

The purpose of this study was to identify parents and obtain segregating populations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) with the potential for tolerance to water deficit. A full diallel was performed with six cowpea genotypes, and two experiments were conducted in Teresina, PI, Brazil in 2011 to evaluate 30 F2 populations and their parents, one under water deficit and the other under full irrigation.

Simulação matemática do regime térmico de sistemas lacustres no sistema climático projectado para o século XXI

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia do Ambiente

Integration of Membrane Filtration and Photolysis Processes for Drinking Water Treatment

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Engineering and Technology Sciences, Chemical Engineering.

A heráldica municipal portuguesa na transição do Antigo Regime para a monarquia constitucional: reflexos revolucionários

RODRIGUES, José Damião (coord.),

O uso da heráldica no interior da casa senhorial portuguesa de Antigo Regime: propostas de sistematização e entendimento

O presente texto tem como ponto de partida o levantamento heráldico operado no âmbito do projecto “A Casa Senhorial em Lisboa e no Rio de Janeiro (séculos XVII, XVIII e XIX). Anatomia dos Interiores”, nas suas vertentes arquivística, iconográfica e patrimonial. Com base nas manifestações armoriadas arroladas, vem chamar-se a atenção para o interesse de que a Heráldica se pode revestir para o estudo das artes decorativas existente no interior das casas senhoriais. Mais do que uma análise heráldica praticada em moldes tradicionais – isto é, como instrumento passível de fornecer dados para identificação e datação de comanditários ou de campanhas de obras –, a presente abordagem ambiciona caracterizar, para o período em apreço, o recurso à decoração heráldica tanto em aplicações estruturais do espaço interior, como em objectos de todo o tipo, como elementos decorativos ou funcionais integrados no recheio das casas senhoriais lisboetas. Propõe-se, assim, analisar o conjunto de tais manifestações heráldicas enquanto documento integral que funcionou como forma de auto-representação e de comunicação, conferindo uma mensagem e um sentido concretos aos objectos e aos espaços em que se inseriu.

Storage of water molecules into biomimetic heterostructures: the role of roughness

The development of devices based on heterostructured thin films of biomolecules conveys a huge contribution on biomedical field. However, to achieve high efficiency of these devices, the storage of water molecules into these heterostructures, in order to maintain the biological molecules hydrated, is mandatory. Such hydrated environment may be achieved with lipids molecules which have the ability to rearrange spontaneously into vesicles creating a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments. Yet it is necessary to find conditions that lead to the immobilization of whole vesicles on the heterostructures. In this work, the conditions that govern the deposition of open and closed liposomes of 1.2-dipalmitoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (sodium Salt) (DPPG) onto polyelectrolytes cushions prepared by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method were analyzed. Electronic transitions of DPPG molecules as well as absorption coefficients were obtained by vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy, while the elemental composition of the heterostructures was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The presence of water molecules in the films was inferred by XPS and infrared spectroscopy. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) data analysis allowed to conclude that, in certain cases, the DPPG adsorbed amount is dependent of the bilayers number already adsorbed. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics curves of both adsorbed amount and surface roughness allowed to determine the kinetics parameters that are related with adsorption processes namely, electrostatic forces, liposomes diffusion and lipids re-organization on surface. Scaling exponents attained from atomic force microscopy images statistical analysis demonstrate that DPPG vesicles adsorption mechanism is ruled by the diffusion Villain model confirming that adsorption is governed by electrostatic forces. The power spectral density treatment enabled a thorough description of the accessible surface of the samples as well as of its inner structural properties. These outcomes proved that surface roughness influences the adsorption of DPPG liposomes onto surfaces covered by a polyelectrolyte layer. Thus, low roughness was shown to induce liposome rupture creating a lipid bilayer while high roughness allows the adsorption of whole liposomes. In addition, the fraction of open liposomes calculated from the normalized maximum adsorbed amounts decreases with the cushion roughness increase, allowing us to conclude that the surface roughness is a crucial variable that governs the adsorption of open or whole liposomes. This conclusion is fundamental for the development of well-designed sensors based on functional biomolecules incorporated in liposomes. Indeed, LbL films composed of polyelectrolytes and liposomes with and without melanin encapsulated were successfully applied to sensors of olive oil.

O modelo espacial do estado moderno: reorganização territorial em Portugal nos finais do antigo regime

Prefácio de António Hespanha