La inevitable inconsistencia del Zeus/Júpiter épico

Durante años la investigación literaria ha encontrado fruición en buscar y encontrar inconsistencias narrativas en la Tebaida de Estacio. Concretamente, hay cierto grado de consenso respecto a que las incongruencias en que incurre Júpiter son debidas a negligencia o incuria por parte del poeta. De hecho, no se puede negar que el soberano del cielo se contradice en las ocasiones en que alude a su relación con el Destino. No obstante, no será únicamente el poeta flavio el objeto de mi atención en este artículo. Hoy día se continúa acudiendo a la autoridad filosófica de Séneca (fundamentalmente a Dial. 1.5.8) siempre que el Zeus/Júpiter poshomérico (también el virgiliano) incurre en lo que hemos dado en considerar «incoherencias». Sin embargo, excepción hecha de las composiciones hesiódicas, el estatuto teológico de Zeus/Júpiter es altamente inestable en toda la tradición literaria griega y romana. Quizá deberíamos aceptar, entonces, que durante siglos los que estudiamos literatura antigua hemos tendido a prescindir de la voz autorial y de su autoridad omnímoda para manipular el material literario preexistente con el objeto de generar nuevos significados y nuevas cosmovisiones. En definitiva, nos hemos mostrado proclives a calificar de inconsistencias todo aquello que no se adecua a nuestras expectativas o prejuicios.

Caso de estudio. Mezcla óptima de azúcares

El Ingenio Providencia S.A. está ubicado a 40 kilómetros de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia, en la ruta hacia el norte del epartamento del Valle del Cauca. Hacia 1925 el señor Modesto Cabal tuvo la visión de establecer en la región otra gran empresa. La idea era montar un centro azucarero, diseñado para producir azúcar centrifugada.Esta idea se materializó el 12 de abril de 1926, cuando se fundó la Central Azucarera del Valle S.A. En 1954, y habiéndose establecido como uno de los ingenios de mayor pujanza en elpaís, los dueños decidieron adoptar otra razón social, cambiando el nombre por el de Ingenio Providencia S.A.El Ingenio Providencia produce azúcar para mercado local y para el mercado de exportación. Dentro de este último se clasifican dos tipos de azúcar que son el azúcar crudo a granel y el azúcar blanco, que a su vez se clasifica en azúcar blanco Tipo A, Tipo B y Tipo C, diferenciándose entre sí por el tamaño del grano y por su blancura.

Les échos de la "Comédie" dans le "Chemin de Long Estude" de Christine de Pizan

Alors qu’elle se trouve au Mont Parnasse, la narratrice du Chemin de Long Estude de Christine de Pizan affirme reconnaître l’endroit pour l’avoir déjà lu chez Dante. Cette mention surprend considérant la quasi absence de la Comédie dans la littérature française de la fin du Moyen Âge, et si la tradition critique a eu tendance à y voir la revendication d’un projet mimétique, où le poème de Christine de Pizan serait une tentative d’imitation de la Comédie, les nombreux échos dantesques de l’oeuvre témoignent à l’inverse d’un important travail d’appropriation, en mettant systématiquement l’accent sur l’acquisition du savoir et l’inscription dans une filiation intellectuelle. Plus qu’une recension, le présent mémoire aspire à faire le point sur les présences de la Comédie dans le Chemin de Long Estude de même qu’à inscrire ces dernières dans un réseau. Cela amène non seulement à considérer l’oeuvre de Christine de Pizan dans sa totalité, mais aussi en regard des considérations littéraires de l’époque. Dans le premier cas, les renvois à Dante permettent de réfléchir au projet général de l’oeuvre, alors que le poème italien, plus que de représenter un idéal à reproduire, participe à une conquête de l’ordre par le savoir, aux côtés de la Consolation de Philosophie de Boèce et du Chemin de Long Estude lui-même. Dans le second cas, le fait de fonder le travail d’écriture sur la lecture préalable d’un auteur italien témoigne de la bibliophilie du siècle et de l’importance de la lecture, mais aussi de l’émergence timide de nouvelles autorités vernaculaires.

Patronazgo literario en la Inglaterra medieval (ss. VII-XIV) : una visión panorámica

Este artículo ofrece una aproximación panorámica a la práctica del patronazgo literario en Inglaterra desde el s. VII al XIV. Durante el período anglosajón las relaciones de patronazgo fueron principalmente de dos tipos: (1) un poeta o scop que quedaba vinculado a una corte (p. ej. Déor) y (2) un intérprete o gleoman que desarrollaba su actividad no creativa de forma itinerante ante públicos diversos (p. ej. Wídsid). Caso aparte es el del pastor Cadmon, quien por intervención divina se convirtió en poeta bíblico y fue acogido en un monasterio. Tras la conquista normanda se introdujo un modelo de patronazgo aristocrático que favoreció la aparición de la figura del autor (p. ej. Wace) que componía sus obras en anglonormando, mientras el inglés era usado por juglares anónimos para deleite de las clases populares. La literatura en lengua inglesa no asistiría a la aparición de sus primeros autores (p. ej. Chaucer y Gower) hasta el siglo XIV, gracias en parte al patronazgo del rey Ricardo II

Molecular markers for diabetic nephropathy

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the world. Globally, the prevalence of this disorder is predicted to increase, along with the risk of developing diabetic related complications. One of those complications is diabetic nephropathy, defined by a progressive increase in proteinuria and a gradual decline in renal function. Approximately 25% to 30% of type 2 diabetic individuals develop this complication. However, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to contribute to the discovery of the genetic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, through the identification of relevant genetic variants in Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals. The exomes of 36 Portuguese type 2 diabetic individuals were sequenced on the Ion ProtonTM Sequencer. From those individuals, 19 did not present diabetic nephropathy, being included in the control group, while the 17 individuals that presented the diabetic complication formed the case group. A statistical analysis was then performed to identify candidate common genetic variants, as well as genes accumulating rare variants that could be associated with diabetic nephropathy. From the search for common variants in the study population, the statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) variants rs1051303 and rs1131620 in the LTBP4 gene, rs660339 in UCP2, rs2589156 in RPTOR, rs2304483 in the SLC12A3 gene and rs10169718 present in ARPC2, were considered as the most biologically relevant to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The variants rs1051303 and rs1131620, as well as the variants rs660339 and rs2589156 were associated with protective effects in the development of the complication, while rs2304483 and rs10169718 were considered risk variants, being present in individuals with diagnosed diabetic nephropathy. In the rare variants approach, the genes with statistical significance (p-value ≤ 0.05) found, the STAB1 gene, accumulating 9 rare variants, and the CUX1 gene, accumulating 2 rare variants, were identified as the most relevant. Both genes were considered protective, with the accumulated rare variants mainly present in the group without the renal complication. The present study provides an initial analysis of the genetic evidence associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the results obtained may contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms associated with this diabetic complication.

Caim, Gaspard, Melchior, Balthazar e demais cúmplices : jornada às avessas rumo à inefável transcendência

Tendo como ponto de partida a leitura intertextual das obras Caim, de José Saramago, e Gaspard, Melchior et Balthazar, de Michel Tournier, encaradas à luz da Teoria da Carnavalização do filósofo russo Mikhail Bakhtin, procura-se estabelecer afinidades e antinomias passíveis de constarem na temática da revisitação subversiva de mitos bíblicos. Assim sendo, pretende-se concluir, nomeadamente, acerca da relevância do diálogo efetuado pelos autores em torno da verdade oficial e sua reinterpretação, ainda que insolente; da validade da viagem de iniciação, enquanto lenitivo, “via-sacra” e demanda de absoluta Plenitude, empreendida pelos heróis e pelos anti-heróis; do grotesco na representação carnavalesca do corpo e da vida terrena; da presença de um discurso narrativo fazendo uso de uma linguagem subversiva, onde grotesco, ironia e/ou paródia são percetíveis; dos valores morais e ética social a preservar versus crítica acérrima ao poder instituído; da queda do Homem e do confronto com Deus e suas imperdoáveis limitações “humanas”; da presença do binómio entidade divina/entidade mefistofélica e o modo como as várias vozes narrativas surgem articuladas. Concomitantemente, pretende-se comprovar que os textos de José Saramago e Michel Tournier, embora mergulhando no desmascaramento, “profanação” e aparente niilismo do Texto Bíblico, na dessacralização de um cosmos oficial e na adoção do riso e impertinência enquanto catarse, longe de provocarem a aniquilação do mito, antes concorrem para uma releitura profícua, pois repleta de pluralidade de significados, onde o Transcendente, por oposição à desilusão prodigalizada pela vida terrena, é objeto de revitalização; pretendendo autores, narradores e leitores, postos em diálogo polifónico, a não reiteração de modos perniciosos de “estar” e “ser”, mas um olhar lúcido e puro sobre o futuro da Humanidade.

APP RERMS enriched matrix as an adhesion substrate for neuritic outgrowth

Specific domains can determine protein structural functional relationships. For the Alzheimer’s Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) several domains have been described, both in its intracellular and extracellular fragments. Many functions have been attributed to APP including an important role in cell adhesion and cell to cell recognition. This places APP at key biological responses, including synaptic transmission. To fulfil these functions, extracellular domains take on added significance. The APP extracellular domain RERMS is in fact a likely candidate to be involved in the aforementioned physiological processes. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to address the role of RERMS. The peptide RERMS was crosslinked to PEG (Polyethylene glycol) and the reaction validated by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry). FTIR proved to be the most efficient at validating this reaction because it requires only a drop of sample, and it gives information about the reactions occurred in a mixture. The data obtained consist in an infrared spectra of the sample, where peaks positions give information about the structure of the molecules, and the intensity of peaks is related to the concentration of the molecules. Subsequently substrates of PEG impregnated with RERMS were prepared and SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) cells were plated and differentiated on the latter. Several morphological alterations were clearly evident. The RERMS peptide provoked cells to take on a flatter appearance and the cytoskeletal architecture changed, with the appearance of stress fibres, a clear indicator of actin reorganization. Given that focal adhesions play a key role in determining cellular structure the latter were directly investigated. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is one of the most highly expressed proteins in the CNS (central nervous system) during development. It has been described to be crucial for radial migration of neurons. FAK can be localized in growth cones and mediated the response to attractive and repulsive cues during migration. One of the mechanisms by which FAK becomes active is by auto phosphorylation at tyrosine 397. It became clearly evident that in the presence of the RERMS peptide pFAK staining at focal adhesions intensified and more focal adhesions became apparent. Furthermore speckled structures in the nucleus, putatively corresponding to increased expression activity, also increased with RERMS. Taken together these results indicate that the RERMS domain in APP plays a critical role in determining cellular physiological responses. Here is suggested a model by which RERMS domain is recognized by integrins and mediate intracellular responses involving FAK, talin, actin filaments and vinculin. This mechanism probably is responsible for mediating cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth on neurons.

Jane Gardam: religious writer

This thesis examines the work of the award-winning contemporary English short story and novel writer Jane Gardam. It proposes that much of her achievement and craft stems from her engagement with religion. It draws on Gardam’s published works from 1971 to 2014 including children’s books and adult novels. While Gardam has been reviewed widely, there is little serious critical appreciation of her fiction and there are misreadings of the influence of religion in her work. I therefore analyse the religious dimensions of her stories: the language, stylistics and hermeneutic of Gardam’s three religious influences, namely the Anglo-Catholic, Benedictine and Quaker movements and how she sites them within her work. The thesis proposes lectio divina, arguably an ancient form of contemporary reader-response criticism, as a framework to describe the Word’s religious agency when embedded or alluded to in fiction. It also considers and applies critical discussion on the medieval concept of the aevum, a literary religious space. Finally, I suggest that religious writing such as Gardam’s has a place in the as yet unexplored ‘poetic’ strand of Receptive Ecumenism, a new movement that seeks to address reception of the Word between members of different faith communities. Having examined many aspects of Gardam’s writing, its history and potential, I conclude that her achievement owes much to her engagement with particular and divergent forms of religious life and practice.

Deímata kaì phoboi: la pesadilla en la antigua Grecia

337 p.

MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONALLY FERMENTED MILK SOLD IN KINIGI SECTOR OF MUSANZE DISTRICT IN RWANDA

A research work entitled: “Microbiological analysis of traditionally fermented milk (Ikivuguto) sold in Kinigi Sector of Musanze District,” was carried out at Higher Learning Institution of Applied Sciences (INES-Ruhengeri) Laboratory of Microbiology located near Volcanoes in the Northern Province of Rwanda. The main objective of this work was to determine the microbiological quality of traditionally fermented milk, which is consumed by Kinigi Center local people. The hypothesis was to analyze if traditionally fermented milk commercialized in Kinigi restaurants contained pathogenic bacteria such as fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli , in addition to staphylococci and yeasts. Milk samples were collected from Kinigi sector and examined in the microbiology laboratory in order to assess the microbiological quality and safety of traditionally fermented milk in rural areas. The samples were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for the microbes found in fermented milk sold in Kinigi Center, and the results were as follows: 7.21x107 CFU/ml for total counts; 3.89x107 CFU/ml for Lactobacillus ; 2.77x107 CFU/ml for yeasts; 1.196x105 CFU/ml for total coliforms; 9.63x104 CFU/ml for fecal coliforms and 8.92x103 CFU/ml for staphylococci. Biochemical tests were carried out and the results showed that identified pathogens were E. coli, Providencia alcalifaciens , and the staphylococci group. It was found that fermented milk contained genera and species of Staphylococcus haemolyticus , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus intermedius , Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus . Findings showed that the commercial milk samples were cross-contaminated by different pathogens from environment. These contaminations could have been due to improper handling, presence of flies, soil erosion, dust from atmosphere, as well as contaminated milk vessels or pots, stirrers and unpasteurized water. It was concluded that local farmers and milk retailers did not adhere to required hygienic conditions for milk safety. In this regard, the sold traditional fermented milk does not meet health and safety standards because people did not respect good manufacturing practices. The hypothesis and main objective were confirmed, because traditionally fermented milk of Kinigi was cross-contaminated before consumption. Thus, it would be better to train farmers in the areas of product hygiene, sanitation and safety during milking, processing and marketing.

The divine substance as māsūra and muftaraqa. An attempt of reinterpretation of the Trinitarian terminology in the light of the teaching of Abū Rā’iṭa’s al-Risāla fī l-thālūth al-muqaddas

Este artículo trata de la terminología trinitaria de Abū Rā’iṭa contenida en su al-Risāla fi l-thālūth al-muqaddas. Concretamente, se centra en una expresión que simboliza la unidad de la sustancia divina y la multiplicidad de hipóstasis, es decir “māsūra y muftaraqa”. Ofrecemos un intento de reinterpretación del significado de estos términos clave de acuerdo con la comprensión de la doctrina trinitaria de Abū Rā’iṭa.

The impact of gender differences on consumer-brand relationships

Dissertação de Mestrado, Marketing, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

O ciclo da água pluvial em meio urbano

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura com Especialização em Urbanismo, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitetura.

Evaluation of an in-house molecular HIV-1 test to assess mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Angola (the APEHC cohort)

Poster presented at the 17th Annual International Meeting of the Institute of Human Virology. Baltimore, 27-30 September 2015

En el puerto libre de San Andrés: ¡que suene el órgano, Jeremiah! : Islas de Luna Verde 2

Fondo Margaritainés Restrepo