Social structure and underwater behavior of harbor seals in southern Monterey Bay, California

To understand harbor seal social and mating strategies, I examined site fidelity, seasonal abundance and distribution, herd integrity, and underwater behavior of individual harbor seals in southern Monterey Bay. Individual harbor seals (n = 444) were identified by natural markings and represented greater than 80% of an estimated 520 seals within this community. Year to year fidelity of individual harbor seals to southern Monterey Bay coastline was 84% (n = 388), and long-term associations (>2 yrs) among individuals were common (>40%). Consistent with these long-term associations, harbor seals were highly social underwater throughout the year. Underwater social behavior included three primary types: (1) visual and acoustic displays, such as vocalizing, surface splashing, and bubble-blowing; (2) playful or agonistic social behavior such as rolling, mounting, attending, and biting; and (3) signal gestures such as head-thrusting, fore-flipper scratch~ng, and growling. Frequency of these types of behavior was related to seal age, gender, season, and resource availability. Underwater behavior had a variety of functions, including promotion of learning and social development, reduction of aggression and preservation of social bonds by maintaining social hierarchy, and facilitation of mate selection during breeding season. Social behavior among adult males was significantly correlated with vocalization characteristics (r = 0.99, X2 = 37.7, p = 0.00087), indicating that seals may assess their competition based on underwater vocalization displays and adopt individual strategies for attracting females during breeding season based on social status. Individual mating strategies may include defending underwater territories, using scramble tactics, and developing social alliances. (PDF contains 105 pages)

铒玻璃在1．54μm实现1 Hz下3 J和5 Hz下0���6 J的激光输出

近年来,随着激光告警、激光指示、风速测量、激光雷达尤其是激光美容等方面的需求逐渐增加,要求掺铒激光玻璃能够实现比以往更高重复频率以及更大能量的激光输出,其中对脉冲能量的要求达1～10 J。

Property studies of optical waveguide formed by 6.0 MeV carbon ion implantation into Nd : silicate glass

Nd:silicate glass was implanted at room temperature by 6.0 MeV C3+ ions with a dose of 2.0 x 10(15) ions cm(-2). A waveguide with thickness of about 6.3 mu m was formed. The prism-coupling method was used to observe the dark modes of the waveguide at 633 nm and 1539 nm, respectively. There are three dark modes at 633 nm, of which one is the enhanced-index mode. The propagation loss of the enhanced-index mode in the waveguide measured at 633 nm is 0.42 dB cm(-1) after annealing at 217 degrees C for 35 min. The reflectivity calculation method was applied to simulate the refractive index profiles in the waveguide. The mode optical near-field output at 633 nm was presented.

Impacto de la web 2.0 en los perfiles profesionales

En pleno siglo XXI, el uso de Internet y los avances no sólo afectan a las personas sino que las empresas también deben evolucionar al mismo ritmo y adaptar todas sus prácticas a dichos avances. Con la aparición de la Web 2.0, ciertos aspectos de las empresas han quedado obsoletos y se han debido adaptar a la nueva era: la era de la comunicación e de la interacción a través de Internet. Se han creado nuevos modelos de negocio, se han mejorado actividades de la cadena de valor, han surgido nuevas estrategias de marketing y comunicación corporativa y se han creado unos nuevos canales de venta, alrededor del fenómeno e-Commerce. En cuanto a los trabajadores, las empresas han comenzado a valorar nuevas competencias relacionadas con el uso de Internet y la Web 2.0. Dichas competencias pueden ser comunes para muchos puestos de trabajo, por ejemplo el uso de redes sociales o la gestión de la información, otras son más específicas y dependen del puesto de trabajo que consideremos. Finalmente, la aparición de la Web 2.0 ha exigido a las empresas a crear nuevas áreas y puestos de trabajo o modificar los actuales para adecuarse a los nuevos tiempos y tendencias. Así surgen los diferentes perfiles profesionales de las áreas de Estrategia Digital, Marketing Digital, Contenido Digital, Social Media, Análisis Big Data, e-Commerce y Mobile Marketing. Estos perfiles gozan de mucha popularidad y demanda por parte de las empresas y se estima que va a crecer aún más el número de puestos relacionados con el ámbito digital, ya que son las profesiones del futuro.

Crystal growth and optical properties of Gd1.99-xYxCe.0.01SiO5 single crystals

Gd1.99-xYxCe0.01SiO5 (Ce:GYSO) crystals (x = 0, 0.0995, 0.199) have been grown by the Czochralski (Cz) method. Crystal structure and the distribution coefficients of Ce have been determined for all three crystals. Spectroscopic measurements indicate that optical transmittance and luminescence intensity of Gd1.99-xYxCe0.01SiO5 (x = 0.0995, 0.199) crystals are Substantially higher than those of Ce:Gd2SiO5 (Ce:GSO), especially at x = 0.0995, which makes them good candidate materials for scintillation applications. The particularly important result is that the alloyed Ce:GYSO crystals can be grown easily by the Cz method and, unlike Ce:GSO, they do not undergo cleavage during the growth process or subsequent mechanical treatment. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Yb掺杂原子数分数为0���5％的Yb：Y3Al5O12晶体的光谱分析

采用提拉法生长了Yb掺杂原子数分数为0���5％的Yb：Y3Al5O12。（Yb2YAG）晶体，对晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了分析。与Yb掺杂原子数分数为5％的Yb：YAG晶体进行了对比，得出采用940nm激光二极管（LD）抽运晶体最为合适。原子数分数为0���5％的Yb：YAG晶体相对于原子数分数为5％的Yb：YAG晶体白吸收效应的影响要小。测量了原子数分数为0���5％的Yb：YAG晶体的荧光寿命为0���95ms，与理论值很接近。因此采用原子数分数为0���5%的Yb：YAG晶体作为激光工作物质将有利于高效、小型集成

Plan de marketing. Menú 2.0

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación es un plan de marketing para la empresa Gastronomía Vasca, concretamente, para el desarrollo de uno de sus servicios, Menú 2.0, el cual se creó en 2012 y para el que se pretende establecer el camino de crecimiento para el periodo 2015/2016. Para la determinación del modo en el que desarrollar este crecimiento, en primer lugar, se va a analizar la situación en la que se encuentra actualmente tanto a nivel interno como respecto del entorno. Esto nos permitirá detectar las fortalezas y las debilidades que presenta la empresa, así como las amenazas y las oportunidades que le ofrece el entorno, y a partir de las cuales se definirán los objetivos que deben establecerse para Menú 2.0. Por último, tras la definición de los objetivos, se establecerán las estrategias y las acciones que se han de realizar para el cumplimiento de éstos. Además, se establecerán métodos de control para que la empresa pueda medir durante el desarrollo del plan, el cumplimiento de los objetivos planteados.

Plan de viabilidad:Henao 40 2.0

[ES] Viablidad de un proyecto económico, restaurante inteligente HENAO 40 2.0

Enhancement of ferromagnetic properties in In1.99Co0.01O3 by additional Cu doping

This paper reports room-temperature ferromagnetism in Co- and Cu-doped In2O3 samples synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. Structure and composition analyses revealed that Co and Cu were incorporated into the In2O3 lattices. Photoluminescence measurement revealed an additional emission at 520 urn from these doped samples. The magnetic measurement showed that additional Cu doping greatly enhanced the ferromagnetism of In1.99Co0.01O3 bulk samples. The implication of the effects of additional Cu doping is also discussed. (c) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Growth and characterization of ZnO films on (0 0 1), (1 0 0) and (0 1 0) LiGaO2 substrates

ZnO films were fabricated on LiGaO2 (0 0 1), (10 0) and (0 10) planes by RF magnetron sputtering. The structural, morphological and optical properties of as-grown ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It is found that the orientation of ZnO films is strongly dependent on the substrate plane. [0 0 0 11, [1 (1) over bar 00] and [11 (2) over bar0] oriented ZnO films are deposited on LiGaO2 (001), (100) and (010), respectively. AFM shows the (0001) ZnO film consists of well-aligned regular hexagonal grains. Raman spectra reveal a tensile stress in the (0 0 0 1) ZnO film and a compressive stress in (110 0) and (112 0) ZnO films. PL spectra of all ZnO films exhibit only a near-band-edge UV emission peak. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influences of Al doping concentration on structural, electrical and optical properties of Zn0.95Ni0.05O powders

Nanocrystalline Zn0.95 - xNi0.05AlxO (x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.10) diluted magnetic semiconductors have been synthesized by an auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that all Al-doped Zn0.95Ni0.05O samples have the pure wurtzite structure. Transmission electron microscope analyses show that the as-synthesized powders are of the size 40 - 45 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray photoemission spectroscope analyses indicate that Ni2+ and Al3+ uniformly substitute Zn2+ in the wurtzite structure without forming any secondary phases. The Al doping concentration dependences of cell parameters (a and c), resistance and the ratio of green emission to UV emission have the similar trends. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.