Schistosomal glomerulopathy and changes in the distribution of histological patterns of glomerular diseases in Bahia, Brazil

Distinct patterns of glomerular lesions, including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, are associated with infection by Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum. Evidence suggests that immune complex deposition is the main mechanism underlying the different forms of schistosomal glomerulonephritis and that immune complex deposition may be intensified by portal hypertension. The relationship between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and schistosomiasis remains poorly understood. A clinicopathologic classification of schistosomal glomerulopathies was proposed in 1992 by the African Association of Nephrology. In Brazil, mass treatment with oral medications has led to a decrease in the occurrence of schistosomal glomerulopathy. In a survey of renal biopsies performed in Salvador, Brazil, from 2003-2009, only 24 (4%) patients were identified as positive for S. mansoni infection. Among these patients, only one had the hepatosplenic form of the disease. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was found in seven patients and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was found in four patients. Although retrospective studies on the prevalence of renal diseases based on kidney biopsies may be influenced by many patient selection biases, a change in the distribution of glomerulopathies associated with nephrotic syndrome was observed along with a decline in the occurrence of severe forms of schistosomiasis.

B��squeda de marcadores qu��micos para distintas caracter��sticas en aceites de oliva v��rgenes

Las caracter��sticas sensoriales, y las propiedades nutricionales del aceite de oliva virgen han incrementado la demanda de aceite de oliva a nivel mundial. Recientemente, las investigaciones sobre la biodiversidad ole��cola y la composici��n qu��mica del aceite de oliva se han multiplicado, concediendo un gran inter��s a la calidad de su perfil organol��ptico. En el presente estudio se ha evaluado el perfil de compuestos vol��tiles y en su caso de compuestos fen��licos y pigmentos mediante t��cnicas convencionales de GC-MS y LC-MS, en relaci��n con el perfil sensorial y en funci��n de distintos factores tecnol��gicos y ambientales, tales como las condiciones de extracci��n, el perfil microbiol��gico de la materia prima, operaciones pre-proceso y la zona de implantaci��n. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de los numerosos analitos con impacto sensorial, en funci��n de estos factores, permitiendo identificar posibles marcadores qu��micos de aceites con distintas caracter��sticas. Adem��s, tal y como ocurre con otros alimentos, el comercio del aceite de oliva se ha orientado a favor de las producciones que se caracterizan por sus or��genes y sus cualidades. La espectrometr��a de masas de alta resoluci��n se ha aplicado para la determinaci��n directa del fingerprint glicerolip��dico de los aceites de oliva, llevando a cabo un an��lisis a nivel molecular sin necesidad de fraccionamiento previo y logr��ndose elevadas sensibilidad, precisi��n, tiempos cortos de an��lisis y m��nima manipulaci��n de la muestra. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran las potencialidades de la espectrometr��a de masas de alta resoluci��n para la caracterizaci��n y autentificaci��n del aceite de oliva virgen.

Un rat��n de biblioteca : la traducci��n de los c��mics de Disney en el Topolino italiano a finales de los a��os cuarenta

Este es un estudio cualitativo de la traducci��n de los c��mics Disney al italiano, un case study que examina una historia larga publicada en 1949. La contextualizaci��n hist��rica introduce el entramado socio-cultural de la ��poca apuntando a uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la historia de los c��mics Disney en Italia, el de la progresiva ���localizaci��n��� ��� esto es, la realizaci��n in loco ��� de la producci��n. Una panor��mica de los estudios sobre la traducci��n del c��mic y de otras tipolog��as afines ayuda a definir el marco te��rico en el que se inscribe el trabajo.La propuesta de clasificaci��n, concebida de manera aut��noma, guarda relaci��n con los modelos causales de los Translation Studies. La hip��tesis es que se trata de un caso de ���difference in sameness���, o sea una operaci��n original de conversi��n de un producto que se distancia de la traducci��n en la medida en que no parece buscar un efecto ���equivalente���.

Comparaci��n de los impactos ambientales y aspectos socioecon��micos de las cadenas de producci��n de anchoveta

Se presentan los primeros resultados del programa de investigaci��n comparativo sobre las tres flotas pesqueras dedicadas a la extracci��n de anchoveta en el mar peruano (industrial de acero, industrial de madera y artesanal), as�� como sus cadenas de suministro hasta el abastecimiento del consumidor. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar la sostenibilidad de las actividades involucradas en el suministro de prote��nas, consider��ndose los impactos ambientales y los aspectos socio-econ��micos. Se realiz�� un esquema simple de un ecosistema pel��gico de afloramiento y de los principales flujos de materia y energ��a, producto de la explotaci��n humana. El esquema representa la situaci��n peruana y muestra el alto nivel de antropizaci��n del sistema, debido al uso de energ��as f��siles, as�� como a la explotaci��n y transformaci��n tecnol��gica de recursos naturales terrestres (minerales, madera, etc.). Por otro lado, se muestra que la explotaci��n del ecosistema marino peruano tiene repercusiones sobre el resto del planeta, debido a la exportaci��n de harina y aceite de pescado destinados principalmente a actividades acu��colas. La flota anchovetera peruana se caracteriza por un amplio rango de tama��o de embarcaciones (de 2 a 600 t de capacidad de bodega); las de tama��o intermedio (30-100 t) son las m��s numerosas, pero las m��s grandes (>300 t) son las que acumulan el mayor poder de pesca. Los an��lisis sobre precios y distribuci��n de la renta entre tripulantes y armadores muestran que, a pesar de que la mayor pesca de anchoveta es realizada por la flota industrial de acero, dedicada a la producci��n de harina y aceite de pescado y que tiene mayor eficiencia de captura por tripulante, la contribuci��n de la pesca industrial de madera es significativa, pues genera mayor empleo por tonelada capturada y, posiblemente, no ocasiona mayor uso de energ��a. La pesca artesanal de anchoveta es la menos eficiente energ��ticamente y por tripulante, pero genera mucho m��s empleo por tonelada capturada; esta pesca representa menos del 3% de la producci��n total, del cual s��lo una fracci��n va al consumo humano directo (CHD). Desde el a��o 2000, los precios de harina y aceite de pescado en los mercados internacionales se han incrementado, debido al aumento de la demanda asi��tica y al precio del combustible. Se debe estudiar en qu�� medida este aumento desfavorece el consumo interno de estos productos, as�� como el uso de anchoveta para CHD. Este an��lisis deber�� ser validado y complementado con informaci��n de impacto ambiental; y podr��an contribuir a la toma de decisi��n participativa, para un balance ��ptimo entre los tres segmentos de la flota y las cadenas de producci��n asociadas.

Anuario Cient��fico Tecnol��gico IMARPE

Resumen de los informes de las actividades desarrolladas en las direcciones y los centros regionales del IMARPE durante el 2009

La tributaci��n estatal sobre los residuos nucleares

Este trabajo se dedica al an��lisis pormenorizado de los nuevos impuestos estatales -'Impuesto de la producci��n de combustible nuclear gastado y residuos radiactivos resultantes de la generaci��n de energ��a nucleoel��ctrica' y el 'Impuesto sobre el almacenamiento del combustible nuclear gestado y residuos radiactivos en instalaciones centralizadas'- a partir de sus fundamentos, para terminar con unas consideraciones sobre su compatibilidad con las tasas equivalentes y con los impuestos auton��micos con hechos imponibles equiparables que estaban vigentes a la fecha de su aprobaci��n.

Simulated Patient as Co-facilitators: Benefits and Challenges of the Interprofessional Team OSCE (Submission #9350).

Hypothesis: The quality of care for chronic patients depends on the collaborative skills of the healthcare providers.1,2 The literature lacks reports of the use of simulation to teach collaborative skills in non-acute care settings. We posit that simulation offers benefits for supporting the development of collaborative practice in non-acute settings. We explored the benefits and challenges of using an Interprofessional Team - Objective Structured Clinical Examination (IT-OSCE) as a formative assessment tool. IT-OSCE is an intervention which involves an interprofessional team of trainees interacting with a simulated patient (SP) enabling them to practice collaborative skills in non-acute care settings.5 A simulated patient are people trained to portray patients in a simulated scenario for educational purposes.6,7 Since interprofessional education (IPE) ultimately aims to provide collaborative patient-centered care.8,9 We sought to promote patient-centeredness in the learning process. Methods: The IT-OSCE was conducted with four trios of students from different professions. The debriefing was co-facilitated by the SP with a faculty. The participants were final-year students in nursing, physiotherapy and medicine. Our research question focused on the introduction of co-facilitated (SP and faculty) debriefing after an IT-OSCE: 1) What are the benefits and challenges of involving the SP during the debriefing? and 2) To evaluate the IT-OSCE, an exploratory case study was used to provide fine grained data 10, 11. Three focus groups were conducted - two with students (n=6; n=5), one with SPs (n=3) and one with faculty (n=4). Audiotapes were transcribed for thematic analysis performed by three researchers, who found a consensus on the final set of themes. Results: The thematic analysis showed little differentiation between SPs, student and faculty perspectives. The analysis of transcripts revealed more particularly, that the SP's co-facilitation during the debriefing of an IT-OSCE proved to be feasible. It was appreciated by all the participants and appeared to value and to promote patient-centeredness in the learning process. The main challenge consisted in SPs feedback, more particularly in how they could report accurate observations to a students' group rather than individual students. Conclusion: In conclusion, SP methodology using an IT-OSCE seems to be a useful and promising way to train collaborative skills, aligning IPE, simulation-based team training in a non-acute care setting and patient-centeredness. We acknowledge the limitations of the study, especially the small sample and consider the exploration of SP-based IPE in non-acute care settings as strength. Future studies could consider the preparation of SPs and faculty as co-facilitators. References: 1. Borrill CS, Carletta J, Carter AJ, et al. The effectiveness of health care teams in the National Health Service. Aston centre for Health Service Organisational Research. 2001. 2. Reeves S, Lewin S, Espin S, Zwarenstein M. Interprofessional teamwork for health and social care. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. 3. Issenberg S, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Gordon DL, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning - a BEME systematic review. Medical Teacher. 2005;27(1):10-28. 4. McGaghie W, Petrusa ER, Gordon DL, Scalese RJ. A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003-2009. Medical Education. 2010;44(1):50-63. 5. Simmons B, Egan-Lee E, Wagner SJ, Esdaile M, Baker L, Reeves S. Assessment of interprofessional learning: the design of an interprofessional objective structured clinical examination (iOSCE) approach. Journal of Interprofessional Care. 2011;25(1):73-74. 6. Nestel D, Layat Burn C, Pritchard SA, Glastonbury R, Tabak D. The use of simulated patients in medical education: Guide Supplement 42.1 - Viewpoint. Medical teacher. 2011;33(12):1027-1029. Disclosures: None (C) 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

Flow analysis-hydride generation-gas phase derivative molecular absorption spectrophotometric determination of antimony in antileishmanial drugs

In the present work, the development of a method based on the coupling of flow analysis (FA), hydride generation (HG), and derivative molecular absorption spectrophotometry (D-EAM) in gas phase (GP), is described in order to determine total antimony in antileishmanial products. Second derivative order (D��224nm) of the absorption spectrum (190 - 300 nm) is utilized as measurement criterion. Each one of the parameters involved in the development of the proposed method was examined and optimized. The utilization of the EAM in GP as detection system in a continuous mode instead of atomic absorption spectrometry represents the great potential of the analytic proposal.

Verenpaineen mittaamisen opettaminen sairaanhoitaja- ja terveydenhoitajaopiskelijoille

<b>Teaching the measurement of blood pressure for both nursing and public health nursing students </b> The purpose of this two-phase study was to develop the teaching of blood pressure measurement within the nursing degree programmes of the Universities of Applied Sciences. The first survey phase described what and how blood pressure measurement was taught within nursing degree programmes. The second intervention phase (2004-2005) evaluated first academic year nursing and public health nursing students��� knowledge and skills results for blood pressure measurement. Additionally, the effect on the Taitoviikko experimental group students��� blood pressure measurement knowledge and skills level. A further objective was to construct models for an instrument (RRmittTest) to evaluate nursing students measurement of blood pressure (2003-2009). The research data for the survey phase were collected from teachers (total sampling, N=107, response rate 77%) using a specially developed RRmittopetus-questionnaire. Quasi-experimental study data on the RRmittTest-instrument was collected from students (purposive sampling, experimental group, n=29, control group, n=44). The RRmittTest consisted of a test of knowledge (Tietotesti) and simulation-based test (TaitoSimk��si and Taitovideo) of skills. Measurements were made immediately after the teaching and in clinical practice. Statistical methods were used to analyse the results and responses to open-ended questions were organised and classified. Due to the small amount of materials involved and the results of distribution tests of the variables, non-parametric analytic methods were mainly used. Experimental group and control group similar knowledge and skills teaching was based on the results of the national survey phase (RRmittopetus) questionnaire results. Experimental group teaching includes the supervised Taitoviikko teaching method. During Taitoviikko students studied blood pressure measurement at the municipal hospital in a real nursing environment, guided by a teacher and a clinical nursing professional. In order to evaluate both learning and teaching the processes and components of blood pressure measurement were clearly defined as follows: the reliability of measurement instruments, activities preceding blood pressure measurement, technical execution of the measurement, recording, lifestyle guidance and measurement at home (self-monitoring). According to the survey study, blood pressure measurement is most often taught at Universities of Applied Sciences, separately, as knowledge (teaching of theory, 2 hours) and skills (classroom practice, 4 hours). The teaching was implemented largely in a classroom and was based mainly on a textbook. In the intervention phase the students had good knowledge of blood pressure measurement. However, their blood pressure measurement skills were deficient and the control group students, in particular, were highly deficient. Following in clinical practice the experimental group and control group students��� blood pressure measurement recording knowledge improve and experimental groups declined lifestyle guidance. Skills did not improve within any of the components analysed. The control groups` skills on the whole, declined statistically.There was a significant decline amongst the experimental group although only in one component measured. The results describe the learning results for first academic year students and no parallel conclusions should be drawn when considering any learning results for graduating students. The results support the use and further development of the Taitoviiko teaching method. The RRmittTest developed for the study should be assessed and the results seen from a negative perspective. This evaluation tool needs to be developed and retested.

Doen��as da cavidade nasal em ruminantes no Brasil

Este trabalho descreve as doen��as das fossas nasais diagnosticadas em ruminantes no Hospital Veterin��rio da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Patos, Para��ba, nos anos de 2003-2009. No per��odo foram registrados tr��s diagn��sticos de doen��as das fossas nasais de bovinos, tr��s em caprinos e nove em ovinos (de um total de 404 diagn��sticos em bovinos, 330 em caprinos e 338 em ovinos). Descrevem-se um caso de rinite at��pica em bovinos, sete surtos de conidiobolomicose e dois de pitiose rinofacial em ovinos, dois casos de prototecose e um de aspergilose nasal em caprinos e um mixoma e um fibrossarcoma em bovinos. Adicionalmente, �� realizada uma revis��o de outras doen��as das fossas nasais de ruminantes descritas em outras regi��es do Brasil, incluindo oestrose, rinosporidiose, carcinoma epiderm��ide e tumor etmoidal enzo��tico.

Sentence combining and thinking : a study of adult ESL learners

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Brock University, 2003.

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: Critical Media Literacy and Disney Female Characters

The purpose of this research project was to use a qualitative approach to explore Critical Media Literacy (CML) with young girls by collaboratively analyzing Disney animated films. My goal was to provide a safe and encouraging space for children to share their perspectives and opinions of Disney animated female characters featured in The Little Mermaid (Ashman, Musker, & Clements, 1989), Cinderella (Disney, Geronimi, Jackson, & Luske, 1950), and The Princess and the Frog (Del Vecho, Clements, & Musker, 2009). I used CML as my theoretical framework as it provided an inquisitive approach to watching films, which, in turn, encouraged the participants to use critical thinking pertaining to the images of female characters in Disney. I also incorporated feminist theory as the majority of discussion revolved around the physical appearance of female characters as well as the participants��� understandings of femininity. I conducted two focus groups with 4 young girls, aged 7 to 11, to gain insight into their understanding of Disney female characters. An inquisitive and collaborative approach to watching films revealed three themes: (a) powerful women in Disney are mean and ugly; (b) heterosexual relationships are paramount; and (c) Disney Princesses are always pretty and nice. I concluded by recommending the importance of CML and collaborative film-watching with young children as the simplicity of asking questions encourages young people to become aware of, challenge, and think critically about the media they are consuming.

El parque arqueol��gico e hist��rico de Feres-Velestino

M��ster Oficial en Gesti�� del Patrimoni Cultural

Dise??o de intervenci??n educativa en la adquisici??n de h??bitos de la vida diaria

El libro incluye una exhaustiva relaci??n de fichas de seguimiento, de evaluaci??n, modelos de informes y de registros de observaci??n y conducta, de gran utilidad para sistematizar las intervenciones de los auxiliares t??cnicos educativos