Anti-HIV-1 activity of trichobitacin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein

AIM: To determine whether trichobitacin, a novel ribosome-inactivating protein purified from the root tubers of Trichosanthes kirilowii, possesses the anti-HIV activity. METHODS: The inhibition of syncytial cell formation induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1),was determined under microscope, reduction of HIV-1 p24 antigen expression level was measured by ELISA, and decrease in numbers of HIV-1 antigen positive cells in acutely and-chronically infected cultures were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Trichobitacin Was-found to greatly suppress syncytial cell formation induced by HIV-1 and to markedly reduce both expression of HIV-1 p24 antigen and the number of HIV antigen positive cells in acutely but not chronically HIV-1 infected culture. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) in inhibition of syncytial cell formation and HIV antigen positive cells were 5 mu g.L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 1.3 - 20 mu g.L-1) and 0.09 mg.L-1 (95 % confidence limits: 0.011 - 0.755 mg.L-1), respectively. CONCLUSION: Trichobitacin is a novel ribosome-inactivating protein with anti-HIV-l activity.

Genetic diversity of Bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus,1758)) using AFLP markers in Persian Gulf

Platycephalus indicus is a large benthic fish that inhabits temperate and tropical coastal waters of the Indo-West Pacific and found on sand or mud bottom in vary shallow area of estuary and near shore to depth of 25m. This species is dominant species of platycephalidae family, in Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces and mainly is captured by bottom trawl, gillnet and moshta in Hormozgan. This study was designed to evaluate population variation and differentiation of bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1785))in the Iranian waters of Persian Gulf using the morphometric and meristic characters and by AFLP marker. . A total 180 fish specimens were collected by gill net from six station(khor mosa, bahrekan, shif, motaf, charak and bandar abbas) that was 30 individual related to every station in Iranian shores of Persian Gulf . 28 morphometric factors and 11meristic specialties were measured and morphometric factors was standardized with Beacham formula. Univariate analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) revealed significant differences with varying degrees between the means for 21 standardized morphometric measurements and 6 meristic counts that showed high significant differences between the six stations sampling. Discriminate function analysis (DFA) or the overall random assignment of individuals into their original groups was for morphometric and meristic characters was 47.9% and 53.9% respectively. The data were subjected to a principle component analysis (PCA) which grouped in eight and four factors for morphometric and meristic charactersrespectively.. Genetic diversity of six populations of bartail flathead (Platycephalus indicus) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 118 reproducible bands amplified with ten AFLP primer combinations were obtained from 42 fishes that were collected from six different locations in the northern of Persian Gulf. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 57.06%. Average of Nei’s genetic diversity was 0.200±0.008, and Average of Shannon’s index was 0.300±0.011. The results of AMOVA analysis indicated that 66% of the genetic variation contained within populations and 34% occurred among populations and gene flow was 0.6454.The estimated level of population differentiation asmeasured by average Fst value across all loci was 0.327. Plotting discriminant functions 1 and 2 and UPGMA dendrograms based on Euclidian distance and genetic distance also showed at least five separate populations of bartail flathead in the northern Persian Gulf.

色林错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究

：采用组织切片法，对西藏特有鱼类色林错裸鲤的性藤发育、产卵时间和产卵类型等进行了研究。其性豫 的发育可分为六个时期，卵母细赡的发育分为5个时相。在第2时相晚期到第3时相早期．卵母细胞中具有 卵黄棱和校仁物质外排现条，核仁排出物可能与棱周的颗粒卵黄形成有关。第2时相到第4时相早期．核膜 外侧具有一透明层。产卵后来排出的成熟卵粒通过颗粒细胞吸收和利用。已达性成熟年龄的个体并不是每 年都参与繁殖活动，具有繁殖间隔现象。产卵时简始于4月上旬，持续到8月上旬。色林错裸鲤属于分狄同 步产卵类型。

滇池水体叶绿素a与相关环境因子的多元分析

2002年1月至2003年12月对滇池蓝藻水华控制试验区及水华暴发严重的海东湾和马村湾等12个样点进行了为期2年的逐月监测,对监测数据进行了多元逐步回归分析,找出与叶绿素a显著相关的影响因子,建立多元回归方程,同时分析了叶绿素a含量的时空分布情况,并应用修正的卡尔森营养状态指数(TSI)对各样点进行了排序.结果表明:试验区整体上叶绿素含量很高,在0.011 mg/L到1.359 mg/L之间,各样点叶绿素a含量时空分布比较大,夏秋季含量比较高,冬春季稍低,从样点上看最高值基本上出现在污染严重的海埂湾样点,

厚颌鲂的年龄结构及生长特性

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且

荒漠土壤藻群落结构的原生演替(英文)

微生物结皮是荒漠化治理中新的热点之一,但其关键形成生物——微型藻类如何通过群落结构的变化向地衣结皮、藓类结皮转变的机理仍是未知的。本文以时空替代法,将沙坡头流沙,4、8、17、34及42龄结皮当作同一群落演替进程中的6个阶段,通过系统聚类、主分量分析的方法首次对这一问题进行了研究,结果显示该地荒漠藻群落的原生演替朝着蓝藻总丰度和爪哇伪枝藻(Scytonema javanicum)丰度逐渐下降,纤细席藻(Phormidiumtenue)、绿藻、硅藻丰度逐渐增加的方向进行;多样性随群落演替的发展而增高;生物量

荒漠藻结皮的胶结机理

通过生物学与土壤学、矿物学、糖化学和风沙物理学多学科实验方法的综合利用,对强度显著不同的多年老龄荒漠藻结皮、野外人工藻结皮、室内人工藻结皮进行研究,从多方面、多层次揭示了藻结皮胶结机理问题.结果发现强度最弱的室内人工藻结皮中藻体多分布在表面,胞外聚合物含量低,强度维持仅靠藻丝的机械束缚;野外人工藻结皮中大多数藻丝生长在深层,同时分泌更多胞外聚合物,当藻类单位生物量产生1.4倍以上的有机质时,部分胞外聚合物开始聚集结皮,表面低凹处形成一有机质层,使结皮强度提高2.5倍;当该有机质层吸附、截留了一定量尘埃、土

Effects of damming on population sustainability of Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis: evaluation of optimal conservation measures

The numbers of spawning sites for Chinese sturgeon have been drastically reduced since the construction of the Gezhouba Dam across the Yangtze River. This dam has blocked migration of Chinese sturgeon to their historic spawning ground causing a significant decline of the Chinese sturgeon population. We conducted a VORTEX population viability analysis to estimate the sustainability of the population and to quantify the efficiency of current and alternative conservation procedures. The model predicted the observed decline of Chinese sturgeon, resulting from the effect of the Gezhouba Dam. These simulations demonstrated the potential interest of two conservation measures: increasing spawning area and reducing predation on sturgeon eggs. The simulations also demonstrated that the actual restocking program is not sufficient to sustain sturgeon population as the artificial reproduction program induce the loss of more wild mature adults that the recruitment expected by the artificial reproduction.

Identical sequences but different expression patterns of Hira gene in gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carps

Hir/Hira (histone regulation) genes were first identified in yeast as negative regulators of histone gene expression. It has been confirmed that HIRA is a conserved family of proteins present in various animals and plants. In this paper, the cDNAs of the Hira homolog named CagHira and CaHira were isolated from gynogenetic gibel carp (gyno-carp) and gonochoristic color crucian carp (gono-carp) respectively. The full-length CagHira is 3,860 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 3,033 bp that encodes 1,011 amino acids, while the full-length CaHira is 3,748 bp in length and also has an ORF of 3,033 bp. The deduced amino acid sequences of both Hira homologs contain seven WD domains and show high identity with other HIRA family members. RT-PCR analyses revealed strong expression of Hira in the ovaries, whereas no expression was detected in the testes of either of the fishes. Hira transcription was not detected in the liver of gyno-carp, but a high level of Hira mRNA was observed in gono-carp. The temporal expression pattern showed that the Hira mRNA is consistently expressed during all embryonic development stages in gyno-carp. However, the abundance of CaHira mRNA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) shortly after fertilization and then increased again and remained stable from gastrula till hatching. The varying spatiotemporal expression patterns of Hira genes in gyno-carp and gono-carp may be associated with the differing reproductive modes used by these two closely related fishes. Our results suggest that Hira may play a role not only in the decondensation of sperm nucleus and the formation of pronucleus during fertilization, but also in gastrulation and the subsequent development of embryos.

Fabrication and Infrared Optical Properties of Nano Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films

Vanadium dioxide thin films were fabricated by ion beam sputtering on Si3N4/SiO2/Si after a post reductive annealing process in a nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the effects of post annealing temperature on crystallinity, morphology, and composition of the vanadium oxide thin films. Transmission properties of vanadium dioxide thin films were measured by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the as-deposited vanadium oxide thin films were composed of non-crystalline V2O5 and a tetragonal rutile VO2. After annealing at 400 degrees C for 2 h, the mixed phase vanadium oxide (VOx) thin film changed its composition and structure to VO2 and had a (011) oriented monoclinic rutile structure. When increasing the temperature to 450 degrees C, nano VO2 thin films with smaller grains were obtained. FT-IR results showed that the transmission contrast factor of the nano VO2 thin film was more than 0.99 and the transmission of smaller grain nano VO2 thin film was near zero at its switched state. Nano VO2 thin film with smaller grains is an ideal material for application in optical switching devices.

High-power AlGaInP laser diodes with current-injection-free region near the laser facet

A high-power AlGaInP laser diode with current-injection-free region near the facet is successfully fabricated by metaorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using the (100) direction n-GaAs substrates with a misorientation of 15 deg toward the (011) direction. The maximum continuous wave output power is about 90 mW for the traditional structure. In comparison, the maximum output power is enhanced by about 67%, and achieves 150 mW for LDs with current-infection-free regions. The fundamental transverse-mode operation is obtained up to 70 mW. Output characteristics at high temperatures are also improved greatly for an LD with a current-injection-free region, and the highest operation temperature is 70 C at 50 mW without kink. The threshold current is about 33 mA, the operation current and the slope efficiency at 100 mW are 120 mA and 0.9 mW/mA, respectively. The lasing wavelength is 658.4 nm at room-temperature 50 mW. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Study of nucleation positions of InAs islands on stripe-patterned GaAs(100) substrate

By combination of prepatterned substrate and self-organized growth, InAs islands are grown on the stripe-patterned GaAs (100) substrate by solid soul-cc molecular beam epitaxy. Four [011] stripe-patterned substrates different in pitch, depth, and sidewall angle, respectively, are used in this work. The surface morphology obtained by atomic force microscopy shows that the InAs quantum dots can be formed either on the ridge or on the sidewall of the stripes near the bottom, depending on the structure of the stripes on the patterned substrate. The mechanism determining the nucleation position of the InAs dots is discussed. The optical properties of the InAs dots on the patterned substrates are also investigated by photo luminescence. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The growth of SiC on Si substrates with C2H4 and Si2H6

SiC was grown on Si (100) substrates oriented and off-oriented by 2-5 degrees towards [011] with simultaneous supply of C2H4 and S2H6 at 1050 degrees C. SiC formed during removal of oxide could be removed at 1150 degrees C. Twinned growth occurred on both oriented and off-oriented substrates during carbonization, but fewer twins formed on the off-oriented substrate than that on the oriented substrate. In SiC growth process, twinned growth continued on the off-oriented substrate whereas twinned growth stopped and single crystal SiC with double-domain (2 x 1) superstructure formed on the oriented substrate. SiC single crystal could grow on a carbonized twinned buffer layer. Obvious SiC LO and TO phonon modes were observed with Raman spectroscopy in the epilayer grown on the oriented substrate. The surface of the epilayer grown on the oriented substrate was smooth, while there was a high density of islands on the epilayer grown on the off-oriented substrate. The film grown on the oriented substrate is superior than that grown on the off-oriented substrate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Photovoltage and photoreflectance spectroscopy of InAs/GaAs self-organized quantum dots

We present a detailed study of the interband excitonic transitions of InAs/GaAs self-organized quantum dots (QDs) based on photovoltage (PV) photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. At room temperature, the interband absorption transitions of QDs have been observed by using PV spectrum, which clearly exhibits four well-resolved excitonic absorption peaks. The absorption line shape is Gaussian-like. Furthermore, the corresponding excitonic transitions are also observed in PR experiment at 77 K. The first derivative of a Gaussian profile can fit the experimental data well. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(98)00743-8]

中国都江堰汉族人群IIS信号通路基因的遗传变异与长寿的相关性研究

随着人口老龄化的发展，对衰老和长寿的研究越来越受到关注。科学家们希望找到衰老相关疾病的致病机理以及治疗手段，从而降低这些疾病的发病风险，减少社会和经济负担。长寿老人受衰老相关疾病的困扰相对较少，自然成为研究的热点人群。而由于长寿的遗传力相对较高，关于长寿的遗传学研究也成为这个领域的热点之一。作为在从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物中一条非常保守的信号通路，胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子1（IIS）信号通路是一条与生长发育代谢密切相关的信号通路。同时，在模式生物的研究中发现，减弱这条信号通路会导致模式生物寿命的延长。而在人类群体的相关性研究中，这条通路上一些基因的遗传变异位点与长寿、血清胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF1）水平以及一些衰老相关疾病如糖尿病、癌症和心脑血管疾病相关。为了探讨IIS信号通路上一些基因的遗传变异与长寿的关系，本研究在中国四川省都江堰市招募了共493名无相互关系的长寿老人，其中男性252人，年龄均大于90岁，女性241人，年龄均大于94岁。同时，在该地区招募了442名年轻的对照个体，年龄在22岁到73岁之间。我们对IIS信号通路上的一些基因的遗传变异位点利用测序，片段分析，RFLP等方法进行了扫描。包括（1）IGF1基因启动子区域及内含子1中的一个微卫星位点；（2）IGF1R基因外显子序列中的4个变异位点，包括3个SNP和一个2碱基缺失位点；（3）FOXO3A基因内含子1中的3个SNP位点。本研究发现，在该人群中，IGF1基因启动子区域的遗传变异与长寿没有相关性，但携带该区域中的微卫星位点18/21基因型的男性个体在长寿群体中所占比例高于在对照群体中所占的比例(11.11 vs. 5.45%, p=0.011)。虽然经过多重检验校正后显著性消失了，但考虑到这个位点曾被报道与多种衰老相关疾病相关，因此，这个位点不是影响长寿的潜在功能位点，但有可能与真正的潜在功能位点相连锁，这一观点有待进一步研究的验证。本研究并没有发现IGF1R基因外显子序列中的遗传变异与长寿存在相关性。同时，研究结果支持FOXO3A基因的遗传变异与长寿相关，这样，继日籍美国人，德国人，意大利人群体后，在中国汉族人群中也证实了这一结果。同时，在FOXO3A基因上的一个未报道过的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点（109080595）在本研究中被发现，携带这个基因突变纯和基因型的个体仅在长寿人群中出现（8/492 vs. 0/414, 基因型分布差异p值为0.011）。关于FOXO3A基因的功能以及新发现位点在其他群体中的基因型分布情况值得进一步深入研究。综上所述，本研究第一次在中国汉族人群中对IIS信号通路的一些基因的遗传变异与长寿的相关性进行了探讨，更多群体及更大样本量的研究有助于加深对长寿遗传机制的认识。